Litharollo Tse Sebetsang tsa Tšohanyetso Bakeng sa Sodium Cyanide Spill

Sodium cyanide ke motsoako o chefo haholo o atisang ho sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa indasteri, ho kenyeletsoa merafo le tlhahiso ea lik'hemik'hale. Litokollo tsa kotsi tsa sodium cyanide e ka lokolla hydrocyanic acid (HCN) le li-ion tsa cyanide (CN-), tse behang likotsi tse kholo ho bophelo bo botle le tikoloho. Ha liketsahalo tse joalo li etsahala, mekhoa e nakong le e sebetsang ea karabelo ea tšohanyetso e bohlokoa ho fokotsa likotsi tse amanang le ho pepeseha ha cyanide. Mona, re hlahisa mekhoa e meraro e tloaelehileng ea karabelo ea tšohanyetso: alkaline chlorination, acid-base neutralization, le ho monya ho rarahaneng.

1. Mokhoa oa alkaline chlorination

Alkaline chlorination ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa ea ho phekola Sodium cyanide qhalla. Mokhoa ona o sebelisa thepa e fokotsang ea li-ion tsa cyanide, tse ka tšelisoang ke li-oxidants tse matla. Li-oxidants tse tloaelehileng tse sebelisoang ka mokhoa ona li kenyelletsa phofo e soeufatsang (calcium hypochlorite) le sodium hypochlorite.

Ha li-oxidants tsena li kopana le li-ion tsa cyanide, ho ba le karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale e fetolang chefo ea CN- hore e be lihlahisoa tse seng chefo tse kang carbon dioxide (CO2) le nitrogen (N2). Phetoho ena ka katleho e fokotsa chefo ea cyanide, e etsa hore e se ke ea silafatsa tikoloho.

Mokhoa ona o hloka maemo a laoloang ka thata ho etsa bonnete ba hore oxidation e feletseng le ho thibela ho thehoa ha metsoako e chefo e bohareng. Ba arabelang ba tlameha ho lekola karabelo le ho latela melaoana ea polokeho ho qoba litlamorao tse sa lebelloang.

2. Acid-base neutralization mokhoa

Mokhoa o mong o tloaelehileng oa ho sebetsana le Sodium cyanide ho qhala ke acid-base neutralization. Mokhoa ona o nka monyetla ka acidity e fokolang ea hydrocyanic acid, e ka fokotsoang ka setsi se matla. Li-neutralizers tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa limewater (calcium hydroxide), caustic soda (sodium hydroxide), le ammonia (ammonium hydroxide).

Karabelo ea neutralization e hlahisa letsoai la tlhaho le sa tsitsang le thusang ho laola hydrocyanic acid. Leha ho le joalo, hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore tharollo ea metsi e hlahisoang e ntse e le chefo e ngata 'me e tlameha ho bokelloa le ho tsoela pele ho sebetsoa ho netefatsa polokeho.

Ho phaella moo, tlhokomelo e tlameha ho lefshoa ho laola ho ata ha tharollo ea neutralization, hobane carbon dioxide moeeng e ka nka sebaka sa cyanide ka tharollo ea metsi, e ka bakang tšilafalo ea bobeli. Ka hona, bapholosi ba tlameha ho sebelisa mehato e tiileng ea taolo ho thibela ho ata ha lintho tse chefo.

3. Mokhoa o rarahaneng oa ho monya

Mokhoa o rarahaneng oa ho monya o thehiloe holim'a thepa eo li-ion tsa cyanide li ka etsang li-complexes tse nang le li-ion tse itseng tsa tšepe (joalo ka silevera le koporo). Ha li-ion tsa cyanide li kopana le li-ion tsena tsa tšepe, ho thehoa li-complexes tse seng chefo, tse kang li-silver cyanide complexes le li-copper cyanide complexes.

Mokhoa ona o sebelisa k'habone e kentsoeng joalo ka sejari sa li-ion tsa tšepe. Ha li-complexes tsa silevera kapa tsa koporo tsa cyanide li khomaretsoe holim'a carbon activated, li ka itšoara ka hydrocyanic acid ho etsa li-complexes tse tsitsitseng, tse se nang chefo, tse sa thuseng feela ho tlosa chefo empa hape li na le phello ea ho thibela likokoana-hloko sebakeng se amehileng.

Mehato ea tšireletso le mehato ea ho thibela

Ntle le mekhoa e boletsoeng ka holimo ea kalafo, ho bohlokoa hape ho nka mehato ea ts'ireletso haeba ho na le ho lutla ha sodium cyanide. Ntlha ea pele, basebeletsi ba pholoso ba lokela ho tsamaisa cyanide leha e le efe sebakeng sa kotsi ho ea sebakeng se sireletsehileng ho thibela tšenyo ea liphutheloana le tšilafalo e latelang ea tikoloho.

Ha ho ka ba le mollo oa cyanide, bapholosi ba lokela ho sebelisa spray ea metsi ho tima mollo. Ke habohlokoa ho qoba ho sebelisa li-acidic kapa alkaline extinguishing agents kaha li ka mpefatsa boemo le ho baka ho lokolloa ha likhase tse chefo.

Ho phaella moo, ha hydrogen cyanide e lutla, ho thibetsoe ka ho feletseng ho sebelisa mokhoa o tobileng oa mokhoa oa boraro-in-one bakeng sa ho bolaea likokoana-hloko, kaha mokhoa ona o ka baka habonolo lintho tse chefo ho fetoha li-aerosol, ho eketsa kotsi ea ho pepeseha ha basebetsi le tikoloho e potolohileng.

ha re phethela

Ho qhalla ha sodium cyanide ho hloka mehato ea hang-hang le e sebetsang ea karabelo ea tšohanyetso ho sireletsa bophelo ba batho le tikoloho. Alkaline chlorination, acid-base neutralization, le ho monya ho rarahaneng ke mekhoa e meraro e tloaelehileng ea kalafo e ka fokotsang likotsi tse amanang le ho pepeseha ha cyanide.

Leha ho le joalo, ba arabelang ba tlameha ho latela mekhoa ea tšireletso le ho kenya ts'ebetsong mehato ea ho thibela tšoaetso ea bobeli le ho netefatsa polokeho ea basebetsi bohle ba amehang boitekong ba ho arabela. Ka ho utloisisa le ho sebelisa mekhoa ena ea karabelo ea tšohanyetso, indasteri e ka itokisetsa hantle le ho arabela ho tšolloeng ha sodium cyanide, qetellong ea fokotsa monyetla oa kotsi.