Sodium Cyanide: Thepa ea Lik'hemik'hale le Mekhoa ea Boiketlo

Selelekela

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ke motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale o nang le lits'ebetso tsa indasteri le litlamorao tse kholo tsa polokeho ka lebaka la tlhaho ea oona e chefo haholo. Ho utloisisa litšobotsi tsa eona tsa lik'hemik'hale le mekhoa ea karabelo ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ts'ebetso e sireletsehileng, ts'ebeliso ea indasteri le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho. Sengoloa sena se ikemiselitse ho fana ka kakaretso e felletseng ea litšobotsi tsa lik'hemik'hale le litsela tsa karabelo ea Sodium cyanide.

Lintho tsa Lik'hemik'hale tsa Sodium Cyanide

Ponahalo ea 'mele

Sodium cyanide ke ntho e tšoeu, e tiileng ka kristale mocheso oa kamore. E na le sebopeho sa kristale ea li-cubic 'me hangata e bonahala e le nyenyane, e sa nkhang hamonate (ha e omme) granules kapa phofo. Leha ho le joalo, ha e kopana le mongobo kapa liasiti, e ka ntša khase ea hydrogen cyanide, e nang le monko o monate oa almonde. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore hase bohle ba ka utloang monko ona, kaha matla a ho o fofonela a itšetlehile ka liphatsa tsa lefutso.

Solubility

NaCN e qhibiliha haholo metsing. Ha e qhibiliha ka metsing, e ikarola ho ba li-ion tsa sodium (Na⁺) le li-ion tsa cyanide (CN⁻) ho latela equation e latelang:

NaCN(s) H2O, Na+(aq) Na+ (aq) + CN-(aq)

Ho qhibiliha hona ho holimo metsing ho etsa hore e be kotsi e ka bang teng tikolohong kaha e ka silafatsa mehloli ea metsi habonolo. E boetse e qhibiliha ka har'a metsoako e meng ea polar organic joalo ka methanol le ethanol.

Ho tsitsa

Sodium cyanide e tsitsitse haholo maemong a tloaelehileng. Leha ho le jwalo, e angoa ke mocheso, mongobo le di-acid. Ha e futhumatswa, e ka bola, ya ntsha kgase e chefo haholo ya hydrogen cyanide. Ha ho na le di-acid, esita le di-acid tse fokolang jwalo ka carbon ic acid (e bopilweng ha carbon dioxide e qhibiliha ka metsing), karabelo e latelang e etsahala:- NaCN + H2O + CO2 → NaHCO3 + HCN↑

Karabelo ena e totobatsa bohlokoa ba ho boloka Sodium Cyanide sebakeng se omileng, se pholileng hole le lintho tse nang le asiti.

Mekhoa ea ho itšoara ka sodium cyanide

Karabelo le Metals

Sodium cyanide e tsebahala haholo ka bokgoni ba yona ba ho etsa di-complexes ka ditshipi. E nngwe ya ditshebediso tse tlwaelehileng ke ho ntsha kgauta le silefera ho tswa ho ditshipi tsa tsona indastering ya merafo. Ha ho na le oksijene le metsi, sodium cyanide e arabela le kgauta (Au) ka hara lejwe ho etsa motsoako wa kgauta o qhibilihang. Karabelo ka kakaretso e ka emelwa e le:

4Au+8NaCN+O2+2H2O→4Na[Au(CN)2]+ 4NaOH

Karabelong ena, li-ion tsa cyanide li hokahana le liathomo tsa khauta, li fetola khauta e sa qhibiliheng ka har'a tšepe hore e be motsoako o qhibilihang o ka arohanngoang habonolo le lejoe le setseng le litšila tse ling. Mokhoa oa karabelo o kenyelletsa oxidation ea khauta ka oksijene, e lateloe ke ho rarahana ha khauta e nang le oxidized ka li-ion tsa cyanide.

Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions

Li-ion tsa cyanide (CN⁻) ke li-nucleophile tse matla. K'hemistri ea lintho tse phelang, li ka nka karolo liketsong tsa ho nkeloa sebaka ha nucleophilic. Mohlala, ha alkyl halide (R - X, moo R e leng sehlopha sa alkyl 'me X e le halogen) e arabela le sodium cyanide ka har'a aprotic solvent joalo ka dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), karabelo e latelang e etsahala: RX + NaCNR-CN + NaX

Ion ea cyanide e hlasela athomo ea k'habone e hokahantsoeng le halogen, e tlosa athomo ea halogen ka karabelo e ncha. Boitšoaro bona bo sebelisoa haholo ha ho etsoa li-nitriles, tseo e leng li-intermediate tsa bohlokoa tlhahisong ea metsoako e fapaneng ea lintho tse phelang tse kang carboxylic acid, amine le metsoako ea heterocyclic.

Karabelo ka Metsi (Hydrolysis)

Jwalo ka ha ho boletswe pejana, sodium cyanide e ka arabela le metsi ka karabelo ya hydrolysis. Ha metsi a le teng, ion ya cyanide e ka amohela proton ho tswa metsing ho etsa hydrogen cyanide le hydroxide ions: CN-(aq) + H2O(l) HCN (aq) + OH-(aq)

Karabelo ena ea hydrolysis e ka khutlisoa, 'me boemo ba tekano bo ipapisitse le lintlha tse kang pH le mocheso. Litharollong tsa asiti, tekano e fetohela ho thehoeng ha khase ea hydrogen cyanide, athe litharollong tsa mantlha, ion ea cyanide e lula e le sebopeho sa eona sa anionic.