Ke sodium cyanide e kae e hlokahalang ho qhaqha grama e le 'ngoe ea khauta?

Lefapheng la ho ntšoa le ho sebetsa ha khauta, tšebeliso ea Sodium cyanide ho qhaqha khauta ke mokhoa o tsebahalang. Sodium cyanide, moo karolo ea (CN)₂ e atisang ho bitsoa pseudohalogen ka lebaka la thepa ea eona e tšoanang le halogens, hammoho le lintho tse kang (SCN) ₂, e hlahisoa karolong e itseng ea "Inorganic Chemistry" thupelong ea univesithi. Ka sebopeho le ho ea ka thepa, NaCN e ka bapisoa le NaCl, 'me ke ea sehlopha sa metsoako ea inorganic.

Mokhoa o Akaretsang oa ho Qhala Khauta ka Sodium Cyanide

Mokhoa oa ho sebelisa sodium cyanide ho qhaqha khauta ka tloaelo ho kenyelletsa ho boloka pH e fapaneng ea 11 - 12. Ho eketsa palo e nyenyane ea hydrogen peroxide hape ke karolo ea mokhoa oa ho sebetsa. Thepa e nang le khauta e lokela ho kolobisoa ka matsatsi a 'maloa. Ka mor'a moo, terata ea zinki e sebelisetsoa ho fokotsa. Ho lokela ho totobatsoa hore tharollo e sebelisitsoeng e chefo haholo 'me e tlameha ho phekoloa ka sodium hypochlorite bakeng sa oxidation ho etsa hore e fokotsehe haholo.

Ho na le mekhoa e 'meli ea mantlha ea ho ntša khauta ea cyanide: Percolation Cyanide Leaching 'me Pherekano ea Cyanide Leaching.

Percolation Cyanide Leaching

Percolation cyanide leaching e kenyeletsa tanka leaching le leaching ea qubu. Tank leaching in percolation hangata e sebelisoa ho phekola khauta - lehlabathe le nang le mahoashe - li-calcine tse nang le lithollo tse nang le boholo ba karolo ea - 3 + 0mm. Ha ho etsoa qubu ea ho ntša khauta ea boemo bo tlase, ho ipapisitsoe le boholo ba phatsa ea khaso ea khauta ea tlhaho le porosity ea tšepe, hangata tšepe e pshatleha ka tlase ho 50mm (kapa 10mm) esale pele. Ha boholo ba karoloana ea li-block tsa ore bo nyane, ho ba le sekhahla sa ho tsoa ha khauta holimo. Nakong ea percolation cyanide leaching, mahloriso a Sodium cyanide hangata ke 0.03% - 0.2%. Lipontšo tsa percolation cyanide leaching li ipapisitse le lintlha tse joalo ka boholo ba khauta, likahare tsa sulfide, boholo ba likaroloana tsa li-block tsa ore, sekhahla sa phallo, nako ea ho lutla, bongata ba lisebelisoa tsa cyanide, le tekanyo ea ho hlatsuoa ha masala a leaching. Ha ho phekoloa khauta - ho jara lehlabathe la quartz, tekanyo ea khauta ea leaching e ka fihla ho 85% - 90%; ha boholo ba karoloana bo mahoashe, sekhahla sa ho tsoa ha khauta se theohela ho 60%. Nakong ea leaching ea cyanide heap leaching, litaba tsa khauta ka har'a tharollo ea moimana li tlase, 'me ka kakaretso, khabone e kentsoeng ea adsorption ea hlokahala bakeng sa ho ntlafatsa. Khauta e ntšoa ho tsoa tharollong ea moimana e fumanoang ho tsoa ho desorption ea khauta - e laetsoeng k'habone ka electrowinning kapa zinki sebaka.

Pherekano ea Cyanide Leaching

Agitation cyanide leaching hangata e sebelisoa ho hula khauta - e nang le lisebelisoa tse tala tsa liminerale tse nang le karoloana e ka tlase ho 0.3mm. Ts'ebetso ea leaching e etsahala ka har'a tanka ea ho ferekanngoa ha moea e hatelletsoeng, tanka ea pherekano ea mochini, kapa tanka e kopaneng ea pherekano. Ts'ebetso ea leaching e kenyelletsa ts'ebetso e joalo ka ho arola ho tiileng - mokelikeli oa makhasi, khaontara - ho hlatsoa hona joale, ho nkela phofshoana ea zinki sebaka sa tharollo ea moimana, le ho qhibilihisa seretse sa khauta. Bongata ba makhasi a leached hangata bo ka tlase ho 30% - 33%. Ha litaba tsa slime li phahame, mahloriso a makhasi a leach e lokela ho ba ka tlase ho 22% - 25%. Nakong ea ts'ebetso, kalaka e eketsoa ho lokisa pH ea makhasi a 9 - 12. Moea o lefisoa ho boloka tekanyo e nepahetseng pakeng tsa khatello ea oksijene e qhibilihisitsoeng le sodium cyanide concentration ka har'a makhasi. Khatello ea sodium cyanide ka har'a makhasi hangata ke 0.02% - 0.1%. Li-concentrators tse ngata tse sebelisang ts'ebetso ea agitation cyanidation li sebelisa mokhoa oa ho hlatsoa ho arola tharollo ea moimana le masala a leaching. Mekhoa ea ho hlatsoa e ka aroloa ka decantation, filtration, le fluidized - ho hlatsoa libethe. Mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo ke mokhoa o tsoelang pele oa counter - current decantation method (CCD method). Li-thickeners tse sebelisoang mokhoeng ona li ka aroloa ka mefuta e le 'ngoe - lera le mefuta e mengata. Li-concentrators tse ngata tsa cyanide Chaena li sebelisa 2 - 3 - layer thickeners bakeng sa karohano e tiileng - ea metsi le k'hamera e tsoelang pele - ho hlatsoa hona joale. Tharollo e fumanoeng ea moimana e ea hlakisoa, ea sefshoa, le ho ntšoa oksijene pele e romeloa bakeng sa phetolo ea phofo ea zinki. Seretse sa khauta se fumanoeng se qhibilihisoa ho fumana dore (khauta - alloy ea silevera).

Karolo ea ho Itokisa ka Alkaline

Ho eketsa sodium hydroxide bakeng sa pretreatment ea alkaline ho ka fokolisa kapa ho felisa tšusumetso ea likarolo tse kotsi tsa ore, ho ntlafatsa tikoloho ea leaching, le ho fumana litholoana tse ntle tsa leaching. Liminerale tse kang pyrite, sphalerite, le chalcopyrite tse teng sampoleng ea ore li ka hlahisa li-ion tse kotsi joalo ka Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, S²⁻, le Cu²⁺. Haeba ho se na alkali - ho eketsoa pele ho etsoa, ​​li-ion tsena tse kotsi li tla ja palo e kholo ea cyanide le oksijene e qhibilihisitsoeng nakong ea leaching ea cyanide, e sitisang ka botebo ho qhibiliha ha khauta le ho baka ho fokotseha ha sekhahla sa khauta. Ka nako ea alkali - ho eketsoa pele, Cu²⁺ le Zn²⁺ li theha metsi a sa khoneng ho qhibiliha, 'me S²⁻ e tšeloa oxid ho etsa SO₃ le SO₄²⁻, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea cyanide. Fe (OH) ₃ e etsa filimi e sireletsang holim'a holim'a liminerale tse kang pyrite, ho thibela oxidation ea eona e potlakileng le ho qhibiliha ho eketsehileng, kahoo e fokotsa tšebeliso ea CN⁻.

Chelete ea Sodium Cyanide e Hlokehang ho Hlakola Khauta

Lintlha tsa lipalo-palo li bontša hore hoo e ka bang ligrama tse 100 - 300 tsa sodium cyanide lia hlokahala ho qhala gram e le 'ngoe ea khauta. Chelete ena e ka fapana ho ea ka lintlha tse ngata tse kang mofuta oa tšepe, bokhabane ba likaroloana tsa khauta, le mokhoa o khethehileng oa leaching o sebelisitsoeng.

Qetellong, ha tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide ka Khauta e Qeteloa Ke mokhoa o sebetsang, ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko polokeho le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho ka lebaka la chefo ea sodium cyanide. Mehato e matla ea polokeho le kalafo e nepahetseng ea tharollo ea litšila li bohlokoa ho fokotsa litlamorao tse mpe bophelong ba batho le tikolohong.