Phekolo ea Khatello ea Oxidation ea Cyanide - e nang le Metsi a litšila ka Khauta e Smelting

Selelekela

ka Khauta ea Khauta indasteri, ts'ebetso ea cyanidation ke mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo oa ho hula khauta. Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa ona o hlahisa palo e kholo ea cyanide-e nang le metsi a litšila. Li-cyanide tse ka metsing a litšila li chefo haholo, 'me haeba li ka ntšoa ka kotloloho ntle le kalafo e nepahetseng, li tla beha kotsi e kholo tikolohong le bophelong ba batho. Ka hona, nts'etsopele ea ts'ebetso e sebetsang hantle le e se nang tikoloho Metsi a litšila a Cyanide mahlale a kalafo e fetohile senotlolo sa nts'etsopele ea moshoelella ea indasteri ea ho qhibilihisa khauta. Joalo ka mokhoa o tsoetseng pele oa kalafo ea metsi a litšila, theknoloji ea kalafo ea khatello ea oxidation e bonts'a bokhoni bo boholo kalafong ea metsi a litšila a cyanide a tsoang mokelikeli oa khauta.

Melao-motheo ea Theknoloji ea Phekolo ea Khatello ea Oxidation

Molao-motheo oa mantlha oa theknoloji ea kalafo ea khatello ea oxidation ke ho etsa li-cyanides Metsing a litšila ho etsahala liketso tsa oxidation tlas'a maemo a mocheso o phahameng, a khatello e phahameng moo oksijene e leng teng, e li fetolang lintho tse nang le chefo e tlase kapa tse se nang chefo. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ena, li-ion tsa cyanide (CN⁻) lia oxidation butle-butle. Taba ea pele, li-ion tsa cyanate (CNO⁻) lia hlahisoa, ebe lia oxidation hape 'me lia bola hore e be lintho tse se nang kotsi tse kang k'habone dioxide (CO₂) le naetrojene (N₂). Ts'ebetso ena ea oxidation e ka senya sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale sa Li-cyanides, ka hona ho fokotsa chefo ea metsi a litšila. Ho sa le joalo, li-ion tse ling tse boima ka metsing a litšila, joalo ka koporo, zinki, le tšepe, tseo qalong li ka etsang li-complexes tse tsitsitseng tse nang le li-cyanides, le tsona li tla senyeha tlasa ts'ebetso ea khatello ea oxidation. Ho lokolloa ha li-ion tsa tšepe tse boima ho baka maemo a ho arohana le phekolo e latelang.

Melemo e Bapisang ho Feta Mekhoa ea Kalafo ea Setso

Phatlalatso e Phahameng ea Kalafo

Mekhoa ea setso ea ho hloekisa metsi a litšila ea cyanide, joalo ka mokhoa oa alkaline chlorination, le eona e ka fihlela oxidation ea cyanides, empa sekhahla sa karabelo se batla se lieha, 'me nako ea kalafo e telele. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, theknoloji ea phekolo ea khatello ea oxidation, ka lebaka la karabelo e hlahang tlas'a maemo a phahameng a mocheso le khatello e phahameng, e potlakisa haholo tekanyo ea oxidation ea cyanides. E ka fokotsa khatello ea cyanide ka metsing a litšila ho ea boemong bo tlase haholo ka nako e khuts'oane, ea ntlafatsa haholo ts'ebetso ea kalafo.

Ho Ikamahanya le maemo ho Matla ho Feta Metsi a litšila

Sebopeho sa metsi a litšila a cyanide a tsoang ho qhibilihisa khauta e rarahane. Ntle le li-cyanides le li-ion tsa tšepe e boima, e kanna ea ba le lintho tse fapaneng tsa tlhaho le litšila tse ling. Mekhoa e meng ea phekolo ea setso e na le liphello tse mpe tsa phekolo metsing a litšila a nang le likarolo tse rarahaneng 'me ho thata ho finyella litekanyetso tse lakatsehang tsa ho ntša metsi. Theknoloji ea phekolo ea khatello ea oxidation, leha ho le joalo, e ka sebetsana ka katleho le tsamaiso ena e rarahaneng ea metsi a litšila. E na le bokhoni bo botle ba ho tlosa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-cyanide le litšila tse ling, e bonts'ang ho ikamahanya le maemo ho matla.

Kotsi e Fokotseng ea Tšilafalo ea Bobeli

Mekhoa ea setso ea kalafo e ka hlahisa litšila tse ling tsa bobeli nakong ea kalafo. Ka mohlala, mokhoa oa alkaline chlorination o sebelisa li-oxidants tse thehiloeng ho chlorine, 'me khase e chefo ea cyanogen chloride e ka hlahisoa nakong ea karabelo, e seng feela kotsi ho bophelo bo botle ba basebetsi empa hape e ka baka tšilafalo ea moea. Lihlahisoa tsa karabelo tsa theknoloji ea kalafo ea oxidation ke likhase tse se nang kotsi tse kang carbon dioxide le naetrojene, tse fokotsang haholo kotsi ea tšilafalo ea bobeli le ho lumellana haholoanyane le litlhoko tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho.

Ts'ebetso ea Phallo ea Phekolo ea Khatello ea Oxidation

Mothati oa ho Pheta Pele

Pele o kenella ts'ebetsong ea khatello ea oxidation, metsi a litšila a hloka ho hloekisoa pele. Sepheo se seholo sa mohato ona ke ho tlosa lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng, likaroloana tse kholo tsa litšila, le lintho tse ling tseo ho leng bonolo ho li fokotsa ka har'a metsi a litšila, ho thibela lintho tsena ho baka li-blockages kapa ho ama phello ea karabelo mochine o latelang oa khatello ea oxidation. Kalafo ea pele hangata e sebelisa mekhoa ea 'mele, joalo ka ho sefa le ho ntša sedimentation. Lintho tse tiileng tse emisitsoeng tsa boholo bo boholo li ka hloekisoa ka grid filtration, 'me litanka tsa sedimentation li ka sebelisoa ho lumella sediment, likaroloana, joalo-joalo ka metsing a litšila ho lula ka tlhaho.

Khatello Oxidation Reaction Stage

Metsi a litšila a hloekisitsoeng pele a kena ka har'a mochini oa khatello ea oxidation. Ka har'a setsi, metsi a litšila a kopana ka botlalo le oksijene 'me a kenella ka har'a mocheso o phahameng (hangata 150 - 250 ℃) le maemo a khatello e phahameng (ka kakaretso 1 - 5MPa). Ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea karabelo, ka linako tse ling ho eketsoa palo e nepahetseng ea catalyst. Mothating ona, li-cyanide li ntse li tšeloa butle-butle 'me lia senyeha,' me li-complexes tsa tšepe tse boima le tsona lia senyeha. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea karabelo, litekanyetso tse kang mocheso, khatello, sekhahla sa phallo ea oksijene, le nako ea karabelo li hloka ho laoloa ka nepo ho netefatsa hore karabelo ea oxidation e tsoela pele hantle mme e fihlela phello e ntle ea kalafo.

Sethala sa Kalafo se latelang

Le hoja motsoako oa cyanide metsing a litšila a tsoang mochineng oa khatello ea oxidation o fokotsehile haholo, e ntse e ka 'na ea e-ba le litšila tse setseng le lintho tse sa tsoa thehoa nakong ea karabelo, joalo ka li-ion tse boima le sulfate. Ka hona, ho hlokahala phekolo e latelang. Kalafo e latelang hangata e kenyelletsa mehato e kang neutralization, sedimentation, le filtration. Taba ea pele, lintho tse nang le alkaline (tse kang lime) li kenngoa ho fokotsa metsi a litšila le ho fetola boleng ba pH ho ea boemong bo sa nke lehlakore kapa bo haufi-ufi. Tlas'a maemo a loketseng a pH, li-ion tsa tšepe tse boima ka metsing a litšila li tla theha hydroxide precipitates. Ka mor'a moo, ka ts'ebetso ea sedimentation le filtration, li-precipitates tsena li aroloa ho metsi a litšila, ho fokotsa le ho fokotsa lintho tse silafatsang ka metsing a litšila le ho nolofalletsa metsi a litšila ho finyella litekanyetso tse tiileng tsa ho qhala kapa litlhoko tse sebelisoang hape.

Tlhahlobo ea Maemo a Sebetsang a Kopo

Khoebo e kholo ea ho qhibilihisa khauta e amohetse theknoloji ea kalafo ea khatello ea oxidation ho hloekisa metsi a eona a litšila a cyanide. Pele o sebelisa theknoloji ena, khoebo e ne e tobane le mathata a mangata a ho hloekisa metsi a litšila a cyanide. Mekhoa ea setso ea kalafo e ne e se feela litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa kalafo empa hape e bile le bothata ba ho fihlella ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng litekanyetso tse thata tse ntseng li eketseha tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho ea lehae.

Kamora ho hlahisa theknoloji ea kalafo ea khatello ea oxidation, k'hamphani e ile ea aha sistimi e felletseng ea ho hloekisa metsi a litšila, ho kenyeletsoa lisebelisoa tsa pele, mochini o kopanyang oxidation, le likarolo tse latelang tsa kalafo. Ka tlhokomelo ea sebele ea ts'ebetso, phello ea phekolo e ne e tsoteha. Motsoako oa cyanide metsing a litšila o fokotsehile ho tloha ho limiligrama tse makholo a 'maloa ho litara ho ea ho li-milligrams tse' maloa ka litara, ka sekhahla sa ho tlosoa ho feta 99%. Ka nako e ts'oanang, litaba tsa li-ion tsa tšepe tse boima le tsona li fokotsehile haholo, li kopana ka botlalo le litekanyetso tsa naha tse boletsoeng.

Ho latela pono ea melemo ea moruo, le hoja matsete a lisebelisoa tsa pele bakeng sa theknoloji ea kalafo ea oxidation ea khatello e batla e phahame, qetellong, ka lebaka la katleho ea eona e phahameng ea phekolo le tšebeliso e tlaase ea reagent, litšenyehelo tsa phekolo ka kakaretso li fokotsehile. Ho feta moo, ka ho sebelisa hape metsi a litšila a hloekisitsoeng, khoebo e boetse e fihletse melemo e itseng ea moruo tšebelisong ea mehloli ea metsi. Ho latela pono ea melemo ea tikoloho, thekenoloji ena e fokolitse ka katleho ho ntšoa ha lintho tse silafatsang tse kang li-cyanides le lirafshoa tse boima, e kokobetsa haholo khatello ea tšilafalo tikolohong e potolohileng le ho kenya letsoho ka nepo tšireletsong ea tikoloho ea tikoloho.

Mathata le Mehato ea ho Loana

Matsete a Phahameng a Thepa le Litšenyehelo tsa Ts'ebetso

Theknoloji ea phekolo ea khatello ea oxidation e hloka lisebelisoa tse khethehileng tsa khatello ea maikutlo, lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa mocheso, le mekhoa e nepahetseng ea ho laola, e leng se etsang hore ho be le letsete le leholo la thepa ea pele. Ho phaella moo, ho boloka maemo a phahameng a mocheso le khatello e phahameng nakong ea ts'ebetso le ho sebelisoa ha oksijene ho tla boela ho eketse litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso.

Mehato ea ho hanyetsa: Ka lehlakoreng le leng, likhoebo li ka rera sekala sa projeke ka mokhoa o utloahalang, tsa ntlafatsa sekhahla sa ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa, le ho fokotsa kabo ea litšenyehelo tsa lisebelisoa bakeng sa yuniti e 'ngoe ea pheko ea metsi a litšila. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ha u khetha lisebelisoa, khetha lisebelisoa tse sebetsang hantle, tse sebetsang hantle 'me u ntlafatse mekhoa ea ho sebetsa ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla le litšenyehelo tsa ho sebetsa. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ka nts'etsopele e tsoelang pele ea thekenoloji le ho matlafala ha tlhōlisano ea 'maraka, theko ea thepa e lebeletsoe ho fokotseha butle-butle, kahoo e fokotsa moroalo oa lichelete ho likhoebo.

Litlhoko tse Phahameng tsa Ts'ebetso le Tlhokomelo

Ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea thekenoloji ena e kenyelletsa maemo a kotsi a kang mocheso o phahameng le khatello e phahameng, e hlokang boleng bo phahameng ba setsebi le tsebo ea ts'ebetso ea basebetsi. Ho feta moo, nakong ea ts'ebetso ea nako e telele ea lisebelisoa, ka lebaka la tšusumetso ea mocheso o phahameng, khatello e phahameng, le tikoloho e matla ea oxidation, mathata a kang ho roala le ho senyeha ho ka etsahala, 'me ho hlokomeloa le ho lokisoa kamehla hoa hlokahala.

Mehato ea ho hanyetsa: Likhoebo li lokela ho matlafatsa koetliso ea basebetsi, ho ntlafatsa tsebo ea bona ea profeshenale le tsebo ea ts'ebetso, le ho netefatsa hore li ka sebetsa ka thata ho latela mekhoa ea ts'ebetso ho qoba likotsi tsa ts'ireletso tse bakoang ke liphoso tsa ts'ebetso. Ka nako e ts'oanang, theha sistimi e felletseng ea taolo ea lisebelisoa, ho hlahloba khafetsa, ho boloka le ho sebeletsa lisebelisoa, ho fumana le ho rarolla mathata a teng lisebelisoa, ho lelefatsa bophelo ba lisebelisoa, le ho netefatsa ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea sistimi. Ho feta moo, ho ka theoa kamano e ntle ea tšebelisano 'moho le barekisi ba thepa ho fumana tšehetso ea botekgeniki ea litsebi le ts'ebeletso ea kamora ho rekisa.

fihlela qeto e

Joalo ka mokhoa o sebetsang hantle le o baballang tikoloho bakeng sa metsi a litšila a cyanide ha a qhibilihisa khauta, theknoloji ea kalafo ea khatello ea oxidation e na le melemo e meholo le menyetla e mengata ea ts'ebeliso. Ka ho etsa oxidizing le ho senya li-cyanide tlas'a maemo a phahameng a mocheso le khatello e phahameng, e ka fokotsa ka katleho chefo ea metsi a litšila le ho tlosa litšila tse sa tšoaneng. Leha e tobane le liphephetso tse joalo ka matsete a phahameng a lisebelisoa le litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso, le litlhokahalo tse phahameng tsa ts'ebetso le tlhokomelo lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang, mathata ana a ka rarolloa ka katleho ka ho amohela mehato e nepahetseng. Ka litlhoko tse ntseng li eketseha tsa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea thekenoloji, theknoloji ea phekolo ea khatello ea oxidation e lebeletsoe ho sebelisoa haholo indastering ea ho qhibilihisa khauta, ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho elelloeng tsoelo-pele e tala le e tsitsitseng ea indasteri ea ho qhibilihisa khauta.