Ts'ebetso ea Tlhahiso le Tsoelo-pele ea Theknoloji ea Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ke thepa ea bohlokoa ea lik'hemik'hale tse tala, e sebelisoang haholo masimong a kang ho ntšoa ha merafo ea khauta, ho polata ka motlakase, le ho kopanngoa ha metsoako ea meriana. Mokhoa oa eona oa tlhahiso o fetile lilemo tse fetang lekholo tsa liphetoho tsa theknoloji, 'me hajoale, tsamaiso ea indasteri e laoloang ke mokhoa oa ho kopanya e thehiloe. Sengoloa sena se tla hlophisa ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng lits'ebetso tse kholo tsa tlhahiso ea Sodium Cyanide le tsoelo-pele ea tsona ea theknoloji, 'me se buisane ka litaelo tsa nts'etsopele ea nakong e tlang.

I. Phetoho ea Mekhoa ea Tlhahiso ea Sodium Cyanide

1. Mekhoa ea Pele (Bofelong ba 19th Century - Mid-20th Century)

Mehleng ea pele, tlhahiso ea sodium cyanide e ne e itšetlehile haholo ka ho ntšoa ha lintho tse tsoang mehloling ea tlhaho. Mohlala, "ts'ebetso ea cyanidation bakeng sa ho ntšoa ha khauta" e qapiloeng ka 1887 e ntša li-cyanide ka ho sebetsana le limela tse nang le cyanide (tse kang lialmonde tse babang). Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa ona o ne o sa sebetse hantle, o bitsa chelete e ngata, 'me o le thata ho fihlela litlhoko tsa indasteri. Mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, setsebi sa k'hemistri sa Jeremane Friedrich Kahlbaum o ile a qapa mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha ha cyanide, o ileng oa lokisa Sodium cyanide ka ho kopanya calcium cyanide le sodium carbonate. Ka lebaka la litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa thepa e tala le bonolo ba ts'ebetso, ts'ebetso ena e ile ea fetoha theknoloji e kholo matsatsing a pele.

2. Ho Tsoha ha Mokhoa oa Synthesis (Bohareng ba Lekholo la Bo-20 ho fihlela Hona Joale)

Ka nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea petrochemical, mokhoa oa ho kopanya o nkile sebaka sa mekhoa ea setso butle-butle. Hajoale, ho feta 90% ea sodium cyanide lefatšeng ka bophara e hlahisoa ka mekhoa e meraro e latelang ea ho kopanya:

• Ts'ebetso ea Andrussow

Ho sebelisa methane, ammonia, le oksijene joalo ka lisebelisoa tse tala, karabelo ea oxidation e etsahala tlasa ts'ebetso ea platinum-rhodium alloy catalyst:

Khase e hlahisoang ke hydrogen cyanide (HCN) e monngoa ke sodium hydroxide ho fumana tharollo ea sodium cyanide. Ts'ebetso ena e na le melemo ea lihlahisoa tse theko e tlaase le litekanyetso tsa karabelo tse potlakileng, empa mocheso o phahameng (1000 - 1200 ° C) le tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tsa bohlokoa li baka litšenyehelo tse phahameng.

• Mokhoa oa Pyrolysis oa Oli ea Leseli

Ho sebelisa oli e khanyang (e kang naphtha) e le lihlahisoa tse tala, HCN e hlahisoa ka pyrolysis ka mocheso o phahameng (1400 - 1500 ° C), 'me phekolo e latelang e tšoana le ea ts'ebetso ea Andrussow. Ts'ebetso ena e loketse tlhahiso e kholo empa e na le tšebeliso e phahameng haholo ea matla 'me e hlahisa palo e kholo ea carbon black e le sehlahisoa.

• Methanol Ammonia Oxidation Mokhoa

Ho sebelisa methanol, ammonia, le moea joalo ka lisebelisoa tse tala, HCN e hlahisoa tlasa ts'ebetso ea "catalyst" (joalo ka V₂O₅-MoO₃):

Ts'ebetso ena e na le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa thepa e tala le maemo a bonolo a karabelo (400 - 500 ° C), 'me butle-butle e fetohile khetho e ratoang bakeng sa bokhoni ba tlhahiso e ncha.

II. Tsoelo-pele ea Theknoloji le Litaelo tsa Boqapi

1. Nts'etsopele ea Mekhoa ea Tala

Mekhoa ea setso e na le mathata a tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla le tšilafalo e phahameng. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, bafuputsi ba ile ba hlahloba theknoloji e latelang e tala:

• Mokhoa oa Biosynthesis

Ho sebedisa dikokwana-hloko (tse kang Pseudomonas) ho susumetsa hydrolysis ya metswako ya nitrile ho hlahisa Cyanides , empa e ntse e le mohatong wa laboratori.

• Motsoako oa Electrochemical

Ho tsosolosa sodium cyanide ka electrolyzing cyanide e nang le metsi a litšila ho finyella ho tsosolosoa ha lisebelisoa, empa ts'ebetso ea hona joale le litšenyehelo li hloka ho ntlafatsoa le ho feta.

2. Bohlale Taolo le Safety Technologies

Ho hlahisoa ha sodium cyanide ho kenyelletsa lintho tse chefo haholo, 'me taolo ea polokeho ke ea bohlokoa haholo. Lifeme tsa sejoale-joale ka kakaretso li sebelisa Distributed Control System (DCS) ho fihlela tlhahlobo e ikemetseng ea ts'ebetso eohle, le ho hlahisa theknoloji ea tlhahlobo ea marang-rang ea marang-rang ho beha leihlo mahloriso a HCN ka nako ea nnete, ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho lutla.

3. Mohlala oa Moruo o chitja

Ntlafatsa tšebeliso ea mehloli ka mahlale a tlhahiso-'moho. Mohlala, khabone e hlahisoang ka morao ts'ebetsong ea Andrussow e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea urea, 'me khabone e ntšo e hlahisoang Mokhoa oa Light Oil Pyrolysis e ka sebelisoa e le moemeli oa ho matlafatsa rabara, e leng se etsang ketane ea indasteri e koetsoeng ea "mehloli - lihlahisoa - litšila - mehloli e sebelisitsoeng hape".

III. Mathata le Mekhoa ea Kamoso

1. Ho feto-fetoha ha Litšenyehelo tsa Raw Material

Mokhoa oa Andrussow le mokhoa oa methanol o itšetlehile ka khase ea tlhaho (methane) le mashala (e le thepa e tala bakeng sa methanol). Ho feto-fetoha ha litheko tsa matla a machaba ho ama ka kotloloho litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso. Ho nts'etsapele litsela tsa thepa e se nang mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale (joalo ka biomass ho methanol) ke sehlooho se chesang sa lipatlisiso nakong e tlang.

2. Khatello e Eketsehileng ea Tšireletso ea Tikoloho

Ka ho hatelloa ha melao ea lefats'e ea ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, tlhahiso ea sodium cyanide e hloka ho fokotsa ho tsoa ha nitrogen oxides (NOx) le metsi a litšila a nang le cyanide. Theknoloji ea karohano ea li-membrane, catalytic oxidation denitrification, le mekhoa e meng e 'nile ea lekoa lifemeng tse ling.

3. Katoloso ea Likopo tsa Boemo bo Phahameng

Tlhokahalo ea bohloeki bo phahameng ba sodium cyanide (bohloeki ≥ 99.9%) ha ho kenyelletsoa li-precursors tsa thepa ea cathode bakeng sa libeteri tsa lithium-ion e ntse e hola ka potlako, e khothaletsa ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso molemong oa ntlafatso le bohloeki bo phahameng.

fihlela qeto e

Tsoelo-pele ea mekhoa ea tlhahiso ea sodium cyanide e 'nile ea fetoha ho pota-pota lipakane tse tharo tse kholo tsa "tšireletseho, katleho le botala". Nakong e tlang, ka katleho ea mahlale a macha a matla le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, hammoho le kopanyo e tebileng ea tlhahiso ea dijithale, indasteri ea sodium cyanide e tla tsoela pele ho ntlafala molemong oa tšebeliso e tlase ea matla, tšilafalo e nyane, le boleng bo phahameng bo ekelitsoeng.