Ts'ebetso ea Tlhahiso le Tsoelo-pele ea Theknoloji ea Sodium Cyanide

Sodium cyanide (NaCN) ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa sa mantlha sa lik'hemik'hale, se sebelisoang haholo masimong a kang ho ntšoa ha merafong ea khauta, electroplating, le motsoako oa li-intermediate tsa meriana. Ea eona Tshebetso ea ho hlahisa e fetile lilemo tse fetang lekholo tsa mekhoa ea theknoloji, 'me hona joale, tsamaiso ea indasteri e laoloang ke mokhoa oa ho kopanya e thehiloe. Sengoliloeng sena se tla hlophisa ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng lits'ebetso tse kholo tsa tlhahiso ea Sodium cyanide le tsoelopele ea bona ea thekenoloji, le ho buisana ka litsela tsa ntlafatso ea nako e tlang.

I. Phetoho ea Mekhoa ea Tlhahiso ea Sodium Cyanide

1. Mekhoa ea Pele (Bofelong ba 19th Century - Mid-20th Century)

Matsatsing a pele, tlhahiso ea sodium cyanide haholo-holo e itšetlehileng ka ho ntšoa ho tsoa mehloling ea tlhaho. Ka mohlala, "cyanidation process for gold extract" e qapiloeng ka 1887 e ntšitsoeng li-cyanides ka ho lokisa limela tse nang le cyanide (tse kang lialmonde tse babang). Leha ho le joalo, mokhoa ona o ne o sa sebetse hantle, o bitsa chelete e ngata, ’me o le thata ho finyella litlhoko tsa tsoelo-pele ea indasteri. Mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, rakhemisi oa Lejeremane Friedrich Kahlbaum o ile a qapa mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha ha cyanide, o neng o lokisa. Sodium cyanide ka ho sebetsana le calcium cyanide le sodium carbonate. Ka lebaka la theko e tlaase ea thepa e tala le mokhoa o bonolo oa mokhoa ona, ts'ebetso ena e ile ea fetoha theknoloji e tloaelehileng matsatsing a pele.

2. Ho Tsoha ha Mokhoa oa Synthesis (Bohareng ba Lekholo la Bo-20 ho fihlela Hona Joale)

Ka nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea petrochemical, mokhoa oa ho kopanya o nkile sebaka sa mekhoa ea setso butle-butle. Hajoale, ho feta 90% ea sodium cyanide lefatšeng ka bophara e hlahisoa ka mekhoa e meraro e latelang ea ho kopanya:

• Ts'ebetso ea Andrussow

Ho sebelisa methane, ammonia, le oksijene joalo ka lisebelisoa tse tala, karabelo ea oxidation e etsahala tlasa ts'ebetso ea platinum-rhodium alloy catalyst:

Khase e hlahisoang ke hydrogen cyanide (HCN) e monngoa ke sodium hydroxide ho fumana tharollo ea sodium cyanide. Ts'ebetso ena e na le melemo ea lihlahisoa tse theko e tlaase le litekanyetso tsa karabelo tse potlakileng, empa mocheso o phahameng (1000 - 1200 ° C) le tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa tšepe tsa bohlokoa li baka litšenyehelo tse phahameng.

• Mokhoa oa Pyrolysis oa Oli ea Leseli

Ho sebelisa oli e khanyang (e kang naphtha) e le lihlahisoa tse tala, HCN e hlahisoa ka pyrolysis ka mocheso o phahameng (1400 - 1500 ° C), 'me phekolo e latelang e tšoana le ea ts'ebetso ea Andrussow. Ts'ebetso ena e loketse tlhahiso e kholo empa e na le tšebeliso e phahameng haholo ea matla 'me e hlahisa palo e kholo ea carbon black e le sehlahisoa.

• Methanol Ammonia Oxidation Mokhoa

Ho sebelisa methanol, ammonia, le moea joalo ka lisebelisoa tse tala, HCN e hlahisoa tlasa ts'ebetso ea "catalyst" (joalo ka V₂O₅-MoO₃):

Ts'ebetso ena e na le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa thepa e tala le maemo a bonolo a karabelo (400 - 500 ° C), 'me butle-butle e fetohile khetho e ratoang bakeng sa bokhoni ba tlhahiso e ncha.

II. Tsoelo-pele ea Theknoloji le Litaelo tsa Boqapi

1. Nts'etsopele ea Mekhoa ea Tala

Mekhoa ea setso e na le mathata a tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla le tšilafalo e phahameng. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, bafuputsi ba ile ba hlahloba theknoloji e latelang e tala:

• Mokhoa oa Biosynthesis

Ho sebelisa likokoana-hloko (tse kang Pseudomonas) ho susumetsa hydrolysis ea metsoako ea nitrile ho hlahisa Li-cyanides, empa e ntse e le sethaleng sa laboratori.

• Motsoako oa Electrochemical

Ho tsosolosa sodium cyanide ka electrolyzing cyanide e nang le metsi a litšila ho finyella ho tsosolosoa ha lisebelisoa, empa ts'ebetso ea hona joale le litšenyehelo li hloka ho ntlafatsoa le ho feta.

2. Bohlale Taolo le Safety Technologies

Ho hlahisoa ha sodium cyanide ho kenyelletsa lintho tse chefo haholo, 'me taolo ea polokeho ke ea bohlokoa haholo. Lifeme tsa sejoale-joale ka kakaretso li sebelisa Distributed Control System (DCS) ho fihlela tlhahlobo e ikemetseng ea ts'ebetso eohle, le ho hlahisa theknoloji ea tlhahlobo ea marang-rang ea marang-rang ho beha leihlo mahloriso a HCN ka nako ea nnete, ho fokotsa kotsi ea ho lutla.

3. Mohlala oa Moruo o chitja

Ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa ka theknoloji ea tlhahiso e kopanetsoeng. Ka mohlala, carbon dioxide e hlahisoang ke Andrussow e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea urea, le carbon black e hlahisoang Mokhoa oa Pyrolysis oa Oli ea Leseli e ka sebelisoa e le moemeli oa ho matlafatsa rabara, ho etsa ketane ea indasteri e koetsoeng ea "lisebelisoa - lihlahisoa - litšila - lisebelisoa tse tsosolositsoeng".

III. Mathata le Mekhoa ea Kamoso

1. Ho feto-fetoha ha Litšenyehelo tsa Raw Material

Mokhoa oa Andrussow le mokhoa oa methanol o itšetlehile ka khase ea tlhaho (methane) le mashala (e le thepa e tala bakeng sa methanol). Ho feto-fetoha ha litheko tsa matla a machaba ho ama ka kotloloho litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso. Ho nts'etsapele litsela tsa thepa e se nang mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale (joalo ka biomass ho methanol) ke sehlooho se chesang sa lipatlisiso nakong e tlang.

2. Khatello e Eketsehileng ea Tšireletso ea Tikoloho

Ka ho hatelloa ha melao ea lefats'e ea ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, tlhahiso ea sodium cyanide e hloka ho fokotsa ho tsoa ha nitrogen oxides (NOx) le metsi a litšila a nang le cyanide. Theknoloji ea karohano ea li-membrane, catalytic oxidation denitrification, le mekhoa e meng e 'nile ea lekoa lifemeng tse ling.

3. Katoloso ea Likopo tsa Boemo bo Phahameng

Tlhokahalo ea bohloeki bo phahameng ba sodium cyanide (bohloeki ≥ 99.9%) ha ho kenyelletsoa li-precursors tsa thepa ea cathode bakeng sa libeteri tsa lithium-ion e ntse e hola ka potlako, e khothaletsa ntlafatso ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso molemong oa ntlafatso le bohloeki bo phahameng.

fihlela qeto e

Tsoelo-pele ea mekhoa ea tlhahiso ea sodium cyanide e 'nile ea fetoha ho pota-pota lipakane tse tharo tse kholo tsa "tšireletseho, katleho le botala". Nakong e tlang, ka katleho ea mahlale a macha a matla le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, hammoho le kopanyo e tebileng ea tlhahiso ea dijithale, indasteri ea sodium cyanide e tla tsoela pele ho ntlafala molemong oa tšebeliso e tlase ea matla, tšilafalo e nyane, le boleng bo phahameng bo ekelitsoeng.