Lipatlisiso ka Mokhoa oa ho Pholisa Koporo ka Metsing a litšila a Cyanide Copper Plating

1. Selelekela

Ho theha mokhoa oa ho betla ka motlakase o sireletsang tikoloho le o bolokang mehloli hona joale ke lihlooho tse peli tse kholo bakeng sa nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng ea indasteri ea ho betla ka motlakase. Mabapi le khaello ea mehloli ea tšepe e se nang tšepe lefatšeng le keketseho e tsoelang pele ea litšenyehelo tsa thepa ea tšepe ea ho betla ka motlakase, ho amoheloa ha theknoloji ea ho betla ka motlakase e bolokang mehloli ho hohetse tlhokomelo e kholo. Likhamphani tsa China tsa ho betla ka motlakase li na le nalane e khutšoanyane ea nts'etsopele. Mokhahlelong oa pele oa nts'etsopele, ho ne ho e-na le khaello ea lichelete le theknoloji e sa sebetseng hantle. Lifeme tse ngata tse nyane tsa ho betla ka motlakase ha li na tsebo ea ho khutlisoa ha thepa ea tšepe metsing a litšila a ho betla ka motlakase, re se re sa bue ka lipatlisiso ka mekhoa ea ho khutlisetsa. Bakeng sa ho betla ka koporo ea cyanide le metsi a litšila a kopantsoeng le koporo, li-precipitate tse entsoeng ke koporo ea divalent kamora ho robeha ha cyanide ke likaroloana tse nyane, tse fellang ka pula e thata le karohano le litšenyehelo tse phahameng. Ka hona, ho potlakile ho ithuta mekhoa e mecha ea ho khutlisetsa.

2. Melao-motheo ea Mokhoa

2.1 Kalafo ea Cyanide Copper Plating le Copper Alloy Waste Water

Mokhoeng oa setso oa ho pshatla ha cyanide o sebelisang sodium hypochlorite, pH ea metsi a litšila a nang le cyanide e hloka ho fetoloa ho 11 - 12. hangata ka ho eketsa sodium hydroxide. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho pshatla ha cyanide, cyanide e fetoloa Carbon dioxide le nitrogen, 'me li-ion tsa koporo tsa monovalent li oxidized ho ba li-ion tsa koporo tse divalent, tse ntan'o etsa likaroloana tse ntle tsa carbonate ea koporo ea motheo e emisitsoeng metsing a litšila. Ho senngoa ha tlhaho ho nka nako e fetang letsatsi lohle 'me ho ntse ho sa khone ho fihlela pula e felletseng. Palo e kholo ea thuso ea coagulant le flocculant lia hlokahala ho fihlela pula e felletseng le karohano. Nakong e fetileng, ha koporo e sa fumanoe, metsi a litšila ka mor'a ho pshatla ha cyanide a ne a kopanngoa le metsi a litšila a felletseng a nang le asiti, a neng a phekoloa ka mokhoa oa lime. Carbonate ea koporo ea motheo e ne e monngoa holim'a li-precipitate metsing a litšila a felletseng 'me qetellong ea pshatla le ho aroloa.

Mokhoa o mocha oa ho pshatla cyanide ke ho eketsa kalaka ho lokisa pH. Carbon dioxide e hlahisoang nakong ea ho robeha cyanide e kopana le calcium oxide ho etsa calcium carbonate. Ka nako e ts'oanang, copper carbonate ea motheo e kopana le calcium carbonate ho etsa li-particle tse kholo.

2.2 Phekolo ea Metsi a Litšila a Mang a Koporo

Li-ion tsa koporo tse ka har'a metsi a litšila a nang le asiti e khanyang ea koporo li kopana le lime ho etsa koporo hydroxide, 'me asiti ea sulfuric e kopana le lime ho etsa calcium sulfate le metsi. Metsing a litšila a koporo ea pyrophosphate, li-ion tsa pyrophosphate radical le koporo li teng ka mokhoa o rarahaneng. Ha e sebelisoa kalaka, pyrophosphate radical e kopana le calcium oxide ho etsa calcium pyrophosphate precipitate, 'me li-ion tsa koporo li kopana le calcium oxide ho etsa copper hydroxide.

3. Ts'ebetso ea Pholoso

3.1 Sebopeho sa Metsi a litšila a nang le Koporo

Metsi a litšila a nang le koporo a kenyelletsa mefuta e 'maloa e kang ho penta ha koporo ea cyanide, motsoako oa koporo-zinc, motsoako oa koporo-tin, ho penta ha koporo e khanyang ea asiti, le metsi a litšila a plating a koporo ea pyrophosphate. Ho penta ha koporo ea cyanide, motsoako oa koporo-zinc, le metsi a litšila a alloy a koporo-tin a phalla ka tankeng ea ho lokisa metsi a litšila a nang le cyanide, ha metsi a litšila a koporo a khanyang a asiti le metsi a litšila a plating a koporo ea pyrophosphate a phalla ka tankeng ea ho lokisa metsi a litšila a nang le koporo. Ho penta ha koporo ea cyanide le metsi a litšila a alloy a koporo a na le metsoako e rarahaneng joalo ka Sodium cyanide , potassium sodium tartrate, le ammonium thiocyanate, tse etsang metsoako e nang le li-ion tsa koporo. Metsi a litšila a plating a koporo ea pyrophosphate a na le metsoako ea koporo ea pyrophosphate. Ho penta ha koporo ea cyanide le metsi a litšila a alloy a koporo a etsa hoo e ka bang 90% ea metsi a litšila a nang le koporo kaofela, ha metsi a litšila a koporo a khanyang a asiti le metsi a litšila a plating a koporo ea pyrophosphate a etsa hoo e ka bang 10%.

3.2 Ts'ebetso ea Oxidation ea Copper Complexes

Pele koporo e hlaphoheloa, hoa hlokahala ho pshatla lisebelisoa tsa koporo ka metsing a litšila a electroplating le ho kenya li-ion tsa Cu⁺ ka har'a li-ion tsa Cu²⁺. Motsoako oa tharollo ea sodium hypochlorite le hydrogen peroxide e sebelisoa ho pshatla cyanide le metsoako e rarahaneng joalo ka potassium sodium tartrate. Ho na le litanka tse tharo tse pshatlang cyanide. Metsi a litšila a nang le cyanide le metsi a litšila a nang le koporo a pompeloa ka tankeng ea mothati oa pele e pshatlang cyanide. Lebese la lime le eketsoa ho lokisa pH ho 11 - 12. mme palo ea tlatsetso ea lebese la lime e lokisoa ke tsamaiso ea pH ea taolo. Ka nako e ts'oanang, tharollo ea sodium hypochlorite e eketsoa ho senya cyanide. Peroxide ea haerojene e eketsoa ka tanka ea cyanide ea mohato oa bobeli ho tsoela pele ho pshatla cyanide le li-oxidizing complexing agents tse kang potassium sodium tartrate. Ka lebaka la sekhahla sa karabelo e liehang, ho eketsoa tanka ea mothati oa boraro e pshatlang cyanide. Sebakeng sa boraro sa tanka e pshatlang cyanide, ho tlosoa ha cyanide le li-agent tse rarahaneng tse kang potassium sodium tartrate e hlahlojoa ho latela lintlha tsa tlhahlobo ea lik'hemik'hale le phihlelo. Ha ho phetheloa karabelo ea oxidation, Cu⁺ ka metsing a litšila e fetoloa ka botlalo ho Cu²⁺, 'me li-copper carbonate le copper hydroxide precipitates lia thehoa. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ena, ka mor'a hore metsi a litšila a pyrophosphate a kopane le lime, motsoako o entsoeng ka koporo le pyrophosphate radical o robehile, 'me hydroxide ea koporo e thehoa. Lintlha tsa tlhahlobo li bontša hore ts'ebetso ena e ka etsa hore metsi a litšila a finyelle litekanyetso tsa ho ntša metsi. Ho eketsa kalaka ho lokisa pH le li-ion tsa koporo tsa precipitate ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa kalafo, 'me kalaka e boetse e bapala karolo ea thuso ea coagulant mme e potlakisa ka botlalo pyrophosphate radical.

3.3 Pholiso ea Koporo

Ts'ebetsong e ka holimo, li-ion tsa koporo metsing a litšila a electroplating li fetoloa ho ba li-copper carbonate precipitates. Haeba palo ea lime e ekelitsoeng e le khōlō, li-ion tsa koporo li ka boela tsa fetoloa ho ba li-copper hydroxide precipitates. Kaha ho hlokahala kalaka ho fokotsa matla a pyrophosphate metsing a litšila a koporo a pyrophosphate, palo ea lime e kentsoeng e ke ke ea ba nyane haholo. Theko ea lime e tlaase haholo, 'me e ka eketsoa ka ho feteletseng ho loketseng nakong ea phekolo.

Ka mor'a hore metsi a litšila a nang le cyanide le a nang le koporo a hloekisoe ka har'a litanka tse tharo tse pshatlang cyanide, li phallela ka tanka ea flocculation. Sodium pyrosulfite e ekeletsoa tanka ea flocculation ho fokotsa peroxide e feteletseng ea hydrogen, 'me polyacrylamide flocculant e eketsoa ho etsa hore likaroloana tsa precipitate li hōle. Haeba sodium pyrosulfite e sa ekeletsoa tanka ea flocculation, hydrogen peroxide e setseng ka mor'a hore cyanide e robehe e senyeha ho hlahisa oksijene, e leng e adsorbed holim'a likaroloana tsa precipitate 'me e etsa hore li-precipitates li phaphametse. Palo ea sodium pyrosulfite e kenyellelitsoeng e lokela ho ba joalo hore li-precipitates li se ke tsa phaphamala, 'me ho fetella ho loketseng hoa amoheleha.

Kamora ho feta ka tanka ea flocculation, metsi a litšila a phalla ka har'a tanka ea sedimentation ea tube e sekametseng. Ka mor'a hore li-precipitates li arohane le metsi, li kena ka tanka ea sedimentation thickening, ebe li sefshoa ka mochine oa ho hloekisa. Keke ea sefa e khutlisitsoe, 'me filtrate e khutlela tanka ea ho lokisa. Cake e hloekisitsoeng e nang le koporo e rekoa ke k'hamphani ea setsebi 'me e romelloa ho moetsi oa setsebi ho hlahisa koporo ea sulfate kapa e ka boela ea sebelisoa ho hlahisa koporo ea electrolytic.

4. Melemo

Metsi a litšila a nang le koporo a hlahisoa libakeng tse 'ne tsa ho betla ka motlakase. Lintlha tsa tlhahlobo le tlhokomelo li bontša hore karolelano ea boima ba koporo metsing a litšila a betla ka motlakase a Cyanide ke 345mg/L, ke hore, thane e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea metsi a litšila e na le 0.345kg ea koporo. Kakaretso ea metsi a litšila a betla ka koporo a cyanide ka khoeli ke hoo e ka bang 4600t, a nang le 1587kg ea koporo. Hammoho le koporo metsing a mang a litšila a nang le koporo, hoo e ka bang 1700kg ea koporo e ka fumanoa ka khoeli. Chelete ea khoeli le khoeli ea k'hamphani e tsoang ho rekiseng seretse se nang le koporo ke RMB 30.000 - 40.000. Ho fumana koporo ha k'hamphani metsing a litšila a betla ka motlakase ho qoba tšebeliso e sa sebetseng ea koporo ea tšepe, eseng feela ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa ho betla ka motlakase empa hape le ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea bobeli ea seretse se betlang ka motlakase tikolohong, ho fihlela melemo e metle ea moruo le ea sechaba.

5. Qetello

Indasteri ea electroplating ke indasteri e silafatsang haholo. Boemong ba hajoale moo lits'ebetso le mahlale a kalafo bakeng sa metsi a litšila a electroplating Chaena a batlang a le morao, ho ithuta ka mafolofolo mekhoa ea ho khutlisa litšepe tse se nang ferrous metsing a litšila a electroplating ho bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho theha mokhoa oa ho boloka lisebelisoa le tikoloho le ho boloka nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng ea indasteri ea electroplating. Mokhoa oa ho phekola cyanide koporo plating le litšila tse ling tse koporo e nang le koporo ho hlaphoheloa koporo sebelisa kalaka ithutoang pampiring ena e bontšitse liphello tse molemo ka dikopo tse sebetsang, ho fana ka tsela e ka khonehang bakeng sa ntshetsopele e tala ea indasteri electroplating.