Cyanidation Gold Extraction: Ho Tsepamisa Maikutlo ho Percolation Cyanidation Process

Selelekela

Khauta haesale e e-na le bohlokoa bo boholo historing ea batho, eseng feela bakeng sa tšebeliso ea mabenyane empa hape le liindastering tse fapa-fapaneng tse kang tsa elektronike, bongaka ba meno le sefofane. Ho ntšoa ha khauta ka har'a tšepe ea eona ke mokhoa o rarahaneng, 'me cyanidation ke o mong oa mekhoa e sebelisoang haholo. Khauta ea cyanidation e kenyelletsa ho sebelisa cyanide ditharollo tsa ho qhibidiha kgauta ho tloha borapeng. Ts'ebetso ena e sebetsa hobane khauta e na le bokhoni ba ho etsa li-complexes tse tsitsitseng ka li-ion tsa cyanide. Sengoliloeng sena se kenella ka botebo ts'ebetsong ea cyanidation, ka ho hatisa haholo Percolation Cyanidation Mokhoa.

Ho utloisisa Khauta ea Cyanidation

Molao-motheo oa Cyanidation

Molao-motheo oa bohlokoa oa cyanidation o ipapisitse le karabelo ea khauta ka cyanide boteng ba oksijene. Ha khauta e kopana le motsoako oa cyanide 'me ho e-na le oksijene e teng, ho ba le karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale. Ka karabelo ena, khauta e na le oxidized mme e etsa motsoako o qhibilihang. Li-ion tsa cyanide li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ena ka ho tlama le li-ion tsa khauta, ho etsa hore li qhibilihe ka tharollo. Ho qhibiliha hona ho lumella karohano ea khauta ho matrix a ore, e leng mohato oa pele oa ho ntša khauta ho ore e tala.

Mokhoa o akaretsang oa Cyanidation

Ts'ebetso ea cyanidation hangata e na le mehato e 'maloa ea bohlokoa:

1. Tokiso ea Ore: Lejoe la pele le siloa ebe le siloa ka boholo bo loketseng. Mohato ona ke oa bohlokoa kaha o eketsa bokaholimo ba ore, e leng se lumellang ho kopana hantle le tharollo ea cyanide. Ts'ebetso e kanna ea kenyelletsa mekhahlelo e mengata ea ho sila le ho sila ho fihlela botle bo lakatsehang.

2. Cyanide Leaching: Ka mor'a hore ore e lokisoe, e kenngoa tlas'a leaching ka tharollo ea cyanide. Ho na le mekhoa e fapaneng ea leaching, ka mefuta e 'meli ea mantlha e leng agitation cyanidation le percolation cyanidation. Ha agitation cyanidation, ore e kopantsoe le motsoako oa cyanide ka litanka tse ferekaneng. Percolation cyanidation, e leng sepheo sa sengoloa sena, e kenyelletsa tharollo ea cyanide e phunyeletsang betheng ea ore.

3. Karohano ea Khauta - Ho Bearing Tharollo: Hang ha ts'ebetso ea leaching e phethiloe, tharollo e nang le khauta e lokela ho aroloa ho tloha masala a tiileng. Sena se ka finyelloa ka mekhoa e kang filtration kapa sedimentation.

4. Ho tsosolosoa ha Khauta: Kamora ho arola tharollo ea khauta e nang le moqhaka, mekhoa e fapaneng e sebelisoa ho khutlisa khauta ho eona. Mekhoa e tloaelehileng e kenyelletsa pula ea zinki, moo zinki e eketsoang tharollong ho tlosa khauta ho tloha moqotong, ho etsa likaroloana tsa khauta e tiileng. Mokhoa o mong oa kenngoa tšebetsong. k'habone ho monya metsi, moo E entsoe ka Carbon e sebedisetswa ho monya motswako wa kgauta ho tswa tharollong, ebe e sebetswa ho fumana kgauta e hlwekileng.

Percolation Cyanidation Process

Kamoo Percolation Cyanidation e Sebetsang Kateng

Percolation cyanidation ke ts'ebetso moo tharollo ea cyanide e hlapollang e lumelloang ho phunyeletsa ka bethe ea ore e sithabetseng kapa e kopantsoeng. Hangata tšepe e behoa ka har'a sets'oants'o se seholo, joalo ka sets'oants'o sa leaching kapa qubu. Motsoako oa cyanide o ajoa ka ho lekana holim'a bethe ea ore ebe o theoha butle ka har'a tšepe ka lebaka la matla a khoheli. Ha tharollo e feta har'a ore, cyanide e kopana le khauta e teng ka har'a ore, e etsa khauta e qhibilihang - cyanide complex. Joale setsi sena se bokelloa ka tlaase ho setshelo.

Likarolo tsa Bohlokoa le Mehato ea Percolation Cyanidation

1.Ore Tokisetso bakeng sa Percolation Cyanidation:

• Ho silakanya le ho hlahlobisisa: Ore e qala ho siloa hore e be boholo ba karoloana e batlang e mahoashe, hangata e le sebakeng sa lisentimitara tse 'maloa ho isa ho limilimithara tse seng kae. Sena ke ho etsa bonnete ba hore ho na le likheo tse lekaneng betheng ea ore bakeng sa tharollo ea cyanide ho phunyeletsa. Ka mor'a ho pshatla, tšepe e ka 'na ea hlahlojoa ho tlosa likaroloana leha e le life tse fetang boholo.

• Agglomeration (Ha ho boikhethelo): Maemong a mang, haholo-holo bakeng sa li-ores tse nang le letsopa le phahameng kapa thepa e ntle ea lijo-thollo, agglomeration e ka 'na ea hlokahala. Agglomeration e kenyelletsa ho eketsa ntho e tlamang, joalo ka samente kapa kalaka, holim'a tšepe ebe o e kopanya le metsi. Sena se thusa ho theha likaroloana tse kholoanyane, tse tsitsitseng haholoanyane, ho ntlafatsa ho phunyeletsa ha bethe ea ore le ho thibela ho koaloa ha li-pores nakong ea ts'ebetso ea percolation.

2.Leaching Setup:

• Leaching Vats kapa Heap Leaching:

• Leaching Vats: Bakeng sa ts'ebetso e nyane kapa ea maemo a holimo, li-vats tsa leaching li sebelisoa hangata. Tsena ke lijana tse kholo, tse nang le mela moo tšepe e behoang teng. Li-vats li na le botlaaseng ba bohata, bo lumellang tharollo ea cyanide ho bokella ka tlas'a bethe ea tšepe ntle le ho jara likaroloana tse tiileng. Motsoako oa cyanide o hlahisoa ka holimo ho vat, ebang ke ka mokhoa oa ho fafatsa kapa ka ho o tšela holim'a tšepe feela.

• Kokoana Leaching: Heap leaching e loketse haholoanyane ts'ebetsong ea tekanyo e kholo le ores ea boemo bo tlase. Ha qubu e leaching, tšepe e bokelloa holim'a lesela le sa keneng fatše. Mokgobo o ka ba moholo haholo, ka nako e nngwe o akaretsa dihekthere tse mmalwa. Motsoako oa cyanide o ajoa holim'a qubu ka ho sebelisa marang-rang a li-sprinkler kapa mekhoa ea ho nosetsa ka marotholi.

• Tokiso ea Tharollo ea Cyanide: Tharollo ea cyanide e sebelisoang ho percolation cyanidation hangata ke tharollo ea dilute ea Sodium cyanide kapa potasiamo cyanide, e nang le mahloriso hangata ka har'a 0.01% - 0.1% ka boima ba 'mele. Tharollo e ka boela ea e-ba le lisebelisoa tse ling, tse kang lime, ho fetola pH ea tharollo. Ho boloka pH e nepahetseng ho bohlokoa, kaha ho ama botsitso ba cyanide le sekhahla sa ho qhibiliha ha khauta. pH e nepahetseng bakeng sa cyanidation hangata e haufi le 10 - 11.

3. Percolation le Leaching:

• Kabo ea Tharollo: Tharollo ea cyanide e ajoa ka ho lekana holim'a bethe ea ore. Tabeng ea li-vats tsa leaching, sena se ka finyelloa ka ho sebelisa peipi e nang le perforated kapa tsamaiso ea nozzle ea spray. Ka har'a leaching ea qubu, lisebelisoa tsa ho fafatsa kapa tsa ho nosetsa ka marotholi li netefatsa hore tharollo e fihla likarolong tsohle tsa qubu.

• Leaching Nako: Nako ea leaching ho percolation cyanidation e ka fapana haholo ho latela lintlha tse kang mofuta oa ore, boholo ba likaroloana, le mahloriso a tharollo ea cyanide. Ka kakaretso, e ka nka matsatsi a 'maloa ho isa ho libeke tse' maloa. Nakong ena, tharollo ea cyanide e tsoela pele ho pota-pota ka har'a ore, e sebetsana le khauta le ho e qhaqha.

• Tlhokomelo le Taolo: Nakong eohle ea ts'ebetso ea leaching, ho bohlokoa ho beha leihlo maemo a fapaneng. Sena se kenyeletsa ho lekola pH ya tharollo kgafetsa, bongata ba cyanide motswakong, le bongata ba kgauta e qhibidihileng motswakong. Mehlala ea tharollo e nkoa ka nako e tloaelehileng 'me e hlahlojoe ka laboratoring. Litokiso li ka etsoa ho pH kapa mahloriso a cyanide ha ho hlokahala ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea leaching.

4.Pokello le Phekolo ea Tharollo ea Bakhachane:

• Pokello: Mokelikeli o nang le khauta, o tsejoang hape e le tharollo ea moimana, o bokelloa ka tlase ho leaching vat kapa tsamaiso ea drainage ka har'a leaching ea qubu. Ka li-leaching vats, tharollo ea moimana e ntšoa ka valve e ka tlaase ho tlase ea bohata. Ha heap leaching, tharollo e bokelloa ka lipompong kapa matangoaneng a botlaaseng ba qubu.

• Treatment: Hang ha e bokelloa, tharollo ea moimana e phekoloa ho khutlisa khauta. Joalokaha ho boletsoe pejana, mekhoa e tloaelehileng e kenyelletsa pula ea zinc le activated carbon adsorption. Nakong ea pula ea zinki, lerōle la zinki kapa li-shavings tsa zinki li kenngoa ho tharollo ea moimana. Zinki e sebetsana le khauta - cyanide complex, e tlosa khauta le ho etsa likaroloana tsa khauta tse tiileng, tse ka sefuoang le ho tsoela pele ho sebetsoa. Ka activated carbon adsorption, tharollo ea moimana e fetisoa ka kholomo e tletseng carbon activated. Motsoako oa khauta - cyanide o khabisoa holim'a khabone, ebe khabone e ntšoa kholomong ebe e sebetsoa ho ntša khauta.

Melemo le Melemo ea Percolation Cyanidation

le menyetla

1. Ho Lokela ho Tlase - Merero ea Kereiti: Percolation cyanidation, haholoholo heap leaching, e sebetsa haholo bakeng sa ho alafa lisebelisuoa tsa khauta tsa boemo bo tlase. Kaha ts'ebetso ena e batla e le bonolo 'me ha e hloke lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa ho sila le tse theko e boima bakeng sa ts'ebetso e ntle ea ore e entsoeng ka majoe, e ka ba molemo moruong bakeng sa lirafshoa tse ke keng tsa e-ba le phaello ho li sebetsa ka mekhoa e meng e rarahaneng.

2. Chelete e Tlase le Litšenyehelo tsa Ts'ebetso: Ha ho bapisoa le mekhoa e meng ea ho ntšoa ha khauta, joalo ka agitation cyanidation e hlokang litanka tse kholo, tse turang tsa ho ferekana le tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla bakeng sa ho kopanya, percolation cyanidation e na le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa chelete. Thepa e hlokahalang, joalo ka li-leaching vats kapa qubu e bonolo - thepa ea kaho, e batla e le theko e tlase. Ho feta moo, litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso le tsona li tlase kaha e sebelisa matla a fokolang mme e hloka mosebetsi o fokolang bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea letsatsi le letsatsi.

3. Melemo ea Tikoloho (Ha ho bapisoa): Mabapi le tšusumetso ea tikoloho, percolation cyanidation e ka ba le melemo e itseng. Ka mohlala, ha qubu ea leaching, tšepe ha e sebelisoe haholo, e leng ho fokotsang ho hlahisa lerōle. Hape, ts'ebeliso ea li-vats tsa leaching tse nang le lined kapa liner tsa qubu li thusa ho thibela ho lutla ha cyanide - e nang le tharollo tikolohong. Leha ho le joalo, ho lokela ho hlokomeloa hore cyanide e ntse e le ntho e chefo e ngata, 'me tsamaiso e nepahetseng ea tikoloho e ntse e le ea bohlokoa.

4. Mokhoa o Bonolo: Ts'ebetso ea percolation cyanidation e batla e otlolohile ebile e bonolo ho e utloisisa le ho sebetsa. Sena se etsa hore e fihlellehe mesebetsing ea merafo e menyenyane ka boitseanape bo fokolang ba setegeniki.

go tlhoka mesola

1. Slow Leaching Rate: E 'ngoe ea litšitiso tse kholo tsa percolation cyanidation ke sekhahla sa leaching se batlang se lieha. Ha ho bapisoa le agitation cyanidation, moo ore e tsoelang pele e tsoakane le tharollo ea cyanide, mokhoa oa percolation o itšetlehile ka ho tsamaea butle ha tharollo ka bethe ea ore. Sena se ka etsa hore ho be le nako e telele ea ho khoasolla, e ka 'nang ea se ke ea tšoanela ts'ebetso e hlokang ts'ebetso e phahameng kapa phetoho e potlakileng.

2. Pholiso e tlase ea Khauta maemong a mang: Sekhahla sa ho khutlisa khauta ho percolation cyanidation e kanna ea ba tlase ho feta ea mekhoa e meng, haholo bakeng sa ores e nang le mineralogy e rarahaneng. Haeba khauta e ajoa hantle kapa e notletsoe ka har'a liminerale tse ling, tharollo ea cyanide e ka 'na ea se ke ea khona ho fumana likaroloana tsohle tsa khauta ka katleho, e leng se lebisang ho fokotsa litekanyetso tsa ho hlaphoheloa.

3. Chefo ea Cyanide: Cyanide ke ntho e chefo haholo, 'me tšebeliso ea eona ho percolation cyanidation e baka likotsi tse kholo tsa tikoloho le polokeho. Ho dutla hofe kapa hofe kapa ho tshwara cyanide ka tsela e fosahetseng - e nang le ditharollo ho ka ba le ditlamorao tse mpe tikolohong le bophelong ba batho. Mehato e matla ea polokeho le melaoana ea tikoloho e tlameha ho lateloa ho fokotsa likotsi tsena.

4. Kutloelo-bohloko ho Thepa ea Ore: Katleho ea percolation cyanidation e itšetlehile haholo ka thepa ea ore. Li-ores tse nang le letsopa le phahameng, mohlala, li ka baka mathata ka ho kenella ha bethe ea ore, e leng se lebisang ho phallo e mpe ea tharollo le leaching e sa sebetseng hantle. Ho feta moo, ores e nang le liminerale tse itseng tse ka sebetsanang le cyanide, joalo ka liminerale tse nang le koporo, li ka ja cyanide le ho fokotsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea leaching.

Ha ho bapisoa le Mekhoa e meng ea ho Rata Khauta

Ho bapisoa le Agitation Cyanidation

1. Leaching Katleho: Agitation cyanidation ka kakaretso e na le ts'ebetso e phahameng ea leaching ha e bapisoa le percolation cyanidation. Ho agitation cyanidation, ho tswela pele ho tswakwa ha ore le tharollo ya cyanide ho netefatsa kgokahano e betere pakeng tsa tse pedi, e leng se bakang ho qhibidiha ka potlako ha kgauta. Sena se ka lebisa linakong tse khuts'oane tsa ho chesoa ha khauta le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa ho khutlisa khauta, haholo-holo bakeng sa ore e nang le khauta e ngata kapa mineralogy e rarahaneng.

2. Thepa le Litšenyehelo: Agitation cyanidation e hloka lisebelisoa tse rarahaneng le tse theko e boima ho feta, ho kenyeletsoa litanka tse kholo tsa pherekano, li-motor tse matla bakeng sa ho kopanya, le litsamaiso tse tsoetseng pele tsa ho pompa seretse. Sena se fella ka litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa chelete. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, percolation cyanidation e hloka lisebelisoa tse bonolo, joalo ka li-leaching vats kapa qubu ea mantlha - thepa ea kaho, e etsa hore e be le litšenyehelo tse ngata - e sebetse hantle mabapi le matsete a lichelete. Leha ho le joalo, litšenyehelo tsa ts'ebetso ea agitation cyanidation li ka 'na tsa se ke tsa e-ba holimo, kaha linako tse khutšoanyane tsa leaching li ka fokotsa tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla bakeng sa ho kopanya.

3. Ho Lokela Mefuta ea Ore: Agitation cyanidation e loketse haholo bakeng sa ores e hlokang ho siloa hantle le ts'ebetso e matla, joalo ka sulfide-rich gold ores. Percolation cyanidation, ka lehlakoreng le leng, e loketse hamolemo bakeng sa ores ea boemo bo tlase, e nang le oxidized e ka sebetsoang maemong a mahoashe.

Ha ho bapisoa le Mekhoa e sa Tloaelehang ea Khauta ea Cyanide

1. Tšusumetso ea tikoloho: Mekhoa ea ho ntša khauta e seng cyanide, joalo ka thiourea leaching kapa bio-leaching, hangata e nkoa e le botsoalle haholoanyane tikolohong kaha ha e sebelise cyanide e chefo haholo. Leha ho le joalo, mekhoa ena e boetse e na le mathata a eona a tikoloho. Mohlala, thiourea e ka ba kotsi tikolohong ha e sa laoloe hantle, mme bio-leaching e ka hloka maemo a itseng a tikoloho le nako e telele ea ho sebetsa. Percolation cyanidation, leha e sebelisa cyanide, e ka laoloa ka mokhoa o nang le boikarabelo ba tikoloho ka ho boloka le ho phekoloa ka mokhoa o nepahetseng oa cyanide - e nang le tharollo.

2. Litšenyehelo le Sebetsa: Mekhoa e seng ea cyanide e ka ba le litšenyehelo tse phahameng ho latela li-reagents kapa tšebeliso ea matla. Mohlala, thiourea e turu ho feta cyanide, 'me bio-leaching e ka hloka litloaelo tse khethehileng tsa likokoana-hloko le maemo a laoloang a tikoloho, a ka eketsang litšenyehelo. Mabapi le ts'ebetso e nepahetseng, cyanidation, ho kenyeletsoa percolation cyanidation, hangata e na le sekhahla se phahameng sa ho khutlisa khauta ha e bapisoa le mekhoa e meng eo e seng ea cyanide, haholoholo bakeng sa ore ea khale ea khauta.

fihlela qeto e

Percolation cyanidation ke mokhoa oa bohlokoa indastering ea ho ntša khauta, haholo-holo bakeng sa ho phekola lirafshoa tsa khauta tsa boemo bo tlaase le tse nang le oxidized. Bonolo ba eona, litšenyehelo tse batlang li le tlase, le ho tšoaneleha bakeng sa mefuta e itseng ea ore ho etsa hore e be mokhoa oa bohlokoa. Leha ho le joalo, e na le litšitiso tse joalo, joalo ka sekhahla sa ho lutla butle, monyetla oa ho khutlisa khauta e tlase, le likotsi tsa tikoloho le polokeho tse amanang le tšebeliso ea cyanide. Ha indasteri ea merafo e ntse e tsoela pele ho fetoha, ho ntse ho etsoa matsapa a ho ntlafatsa tšebetso ea cyanidation ea percolation, joalo ka ho sebelisa sebopeho se betere sa ore, ho ntlafatsa maemo a tšebetso, le nts'etsopele ea mekhoa e sebetsang hantle le e baballang tikoloho ea ho laola cyanide. Ho feta moo, lipatlisiso mabapi le mekhoa e meng ea ho ntša khauta e ka hlolang mefokolo ea cyanidation le tsona li ntse li tsoela pele. Leha ho na le liqholotso tsena, percolation cyanidation e kanna ea tsoela pele ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa tlhahisong ea khauta bakeng sa bokamoso bo bonoang, haholo-holo libakeng tse nang le mehloli e mengata ea khauta ea boemo bo tlase.