Sodium Cyanide: Sesebelisuoa sa Bohlokoa ho tloha ho Indasteri Synthesis ho ea ho Lik'hemik'hale tse Ntle

Selelekela

Sodium cyanide , e nang le formula ea lik'hemik'hale ea NaCN, ke phofo e tšoeu ea kristale. E qhibiliha haholo metsing 'me e na le monko o bobebe o babang oa almonde. Jwalo ka thepa ea bohlokoa ea lik'hemik'hale tse tala, Sodium cyanide e bapala karolo e ke keng ea nkeloa sebaka masimong a fapaneng a indasteri, haholo-holo tlhahisong ea indasteri le lik'hemik'hale tse ntle.

Thepa ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale

Sodium cyanide ke sesebelisoa sa kristale sa cubic. E qhibiliha haholo ka metsing 'me e qhibiliha habonolo ka hydrolyze ho hlahisa hydrogen cyanide, ka tharollo ea eona ea metsi e bontšang alkalinity e matla. Sebaka sa eona se qhibilihang ke 563.7 ° C, 'me ntlha ea eona e belang ke 1496 °C. E na le boima ba 1.595 g/cm³. Sodium cyanide e chefo e feteletseng, 'me esita le ho kopana le letlalo ka maqeba a letlalo, ho hema kapa ho e noa ho ka lebisa lefung. Chefo ena e phahameng haholo e bakoa ke ion ea cyanide (CN⁻) e ka ho eona, e ka kopanang le li-ion tsa ferric liseleng tsa mali, e leng se etsang hore lisele tsa mali li lahleheloe ke mosebetsi oa tsona oa ho tsamaisa oksijene, 'me qetellong li lebisa lefung le potlakileng la lintho tse phelang ka lebaka la hypoxia.

Mekhoa ea ho Kopanya Liindasteri

1. Mokhoa oa Andrussow : Mokhoa ona o sebelisa khase ea tlhaho, ammonia le moea e le thepa e tala, 'me motsoako oa platinum-rhodium e le catalyst. Karabelo e etsahala mochesong o phahameng. Khase ea tlhaho (haholo-holo methane) e arabela le ammonia le oksijene ha ho e-na le catalyst ho hlahisa hydrogen cyanide, ebe hydrogen cyanide e arabela le tharollo ea sodium hydroxide ho fumana Sodium Cyanide . Karabelo ka kakaretso e ka hlalosoa ka tsela e bonolo e le: CH₄ + NH₃ + 1.5O₂ → HCN + 3H₂O, HCN + NaOH → NaCN + H₂O. Mokhoa ona o na le katleho e phahameng ea tlhahiso 'me o loketse tlhahiso e kholo ea indasteri. Leha ho le joalo, o hloka maemo a phahameng a karabelo le taolo e tiileng ea likarohano tsa thepa e tala le liparamente tsa karabelo.

2. Mokhoa oa ho sebelisa oli e bobebe ho etsa pyrolysis : Ammonia e metsi e fetoloa mouoane ebe e kopanngoa le oli e bobebe ka har'a motsoako ebe e chesoa. Khase e tsoakiloeng e chesang e kena ka sebōping sa ho petsoha, moo karabelo ea ho petsoha e etsahalang mochesong o phahameng (hoo e ka bang 1450 °C). Coke ea peterole e sebelisoa e le sesebelisoa sa ho jara, 'me naetrojene e sebelisoa e le khase e sireletsang ho thibela oxidation. Khase e petsohang e na le hydrogen cyanide. Kamora lits'ebetso tse kang ho tlosoa ha ammonia, ho monngoa ha metsi, ho lokisoa le ho kolobisoa, hydrogen cyanide ea fumanoa, ebe e arabela ka tharollo ea sodium hydroxide ho fumana sodium cyanide e metsi . Sodium cyanide e metsi e ka kopanngoa le ho etsoa kristale ho fumana sodium cyanide e tiileng. Le hoja ts'ebetso ena e na le theknoloji e hōlileng, e boetse e na le mathata a kang ho thatafalloa ho tlosa sulfurization le ho tlosoa ha hydrogen cyanide e litšila, tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla a sehlahisoa, bothata bo boholo kalafong ea "litšila tse tharo", le litšenyehelo tse phahameng tsa tlhahiso.

3. Mokhoa oa Acrylonitrile By- sehlahisoa : Ts'ebetsong ea ho hlahisa acrylonitrile ka ammoxidation ea propylene, khase ea hydrogen cyanide e hlahisoa e le sehlahisoa se seng le se seng (palo e lekana le 4% - 10% ea tlhahiso ea acrylonitrile). Khase e tsoang ho reactor e na le ammonia e ngata. Kamora ho tlosa ammonia ka sulfuric acid e hlapolotsoeng, khase ea karabelo e kena toreng ea ho pholisa ea ho monya metsi ho monya acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, acetonitrile, le acrolein, jj. Mokelikeli oa ho monya o feta lits'ebetsong tse ling tsa karohano le tlhoekiso tse kang tharollo le tokiso ho fumana lihlahisoa tsa acrylonitrile tse hloekileng haholo le hydrogen cyanide ea sehlahisoa se seng le se seng. Hydrogen cyanide ea sehlahisoa se seng le se seng e monngoa ke tharollo ea alkali ho hlahisa sodium cyanide. Lihlahisoa tse fumanoeng ka mokhoa ona li na le litšila tse fokolang le sebabole se tlase. Leha ho le joalo, e lekanyelitsoe ke bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea acrylonitrile. Hona joale, tlhahiso ea acrylonitrile Chaena e se e atametse ho saturation, 'me tlhahiso ea eona e thata ho eketseha haholo.

Lisebelisoa ho Lik'hemik'hale Tse Ntle

1. Indasteri ea Meriana : Sodium cyanide e sebelisoa haholo tlhahisong ea metsoako e mahareng ea meriana. Mohlala, tlhahisong ea meriana e meng e tloaelehileng joalo ka penicillin, ibuprofen, vithamine B6. folic acid, guanine, acyclovir, barbiturates, norfloxacin, caffeine le berberine, sodium cyanide ke thepa ea bohlokoa e tala. E nka karolo liketsong tsa bohlokoa tseleng ea tlhahiso, e thusa ho haha ​​​​sebopeho sa limolek'hule tsa moriana 'me e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong eohle ea tlhahiso ea meriana.

2. Indasteri ea Chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana : Hape ke thepa ea bohlokoa tlhahisong ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana. Chefo e tloaelehileng e bolaeang likokoanyana e kang glyphosate, paraquat, cyanazine, phenthoate, le isoprothiolane kaofela e hloka tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide lits'ebetsong tsa eona tsa tlhahiso. Sodium cyanide e ameha ho qaptjoeng ha metsoako e sebetsang ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, e fa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana meaho e itseng ea lik'hemik'hale le thepa ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, e leng ea bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho netefatsa tlhahiso ea temo le ho thibela le ho laola likokoanyana tse senyang lijalo tsa temo.

3. Indasteri ea Dae le Pigment : Indastering ea dae, sodium cyanide e sebelisoa ho etsa lintho tsa bohlokoa tse kang cyanuric chloride. Cyanuric chloride ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa bakeng sa lidae tse arabelang 'me hape ke thepa e tala bakeng sa tlhahiso ea li-optical brighteners. E nka karolo ho kopanyeng lidae, e fa lidae thepa e ntle ea ho taka le ho potlaka ha 'mala, le ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea dae.

4. Ho Kopanngoa ha Metswako e Ikhethang ea Organic : Sodium cyanide e ka sebelisoa ho kopanya mefuta e fapaneng ea metsoako e ikhethang ea organic, joalo ka cyanobenzyl le lihlahisoa tsa eona tsa derivative series, iminodiacetonitrile, iminodiacetic acid (ester), lihlahisoa tsa chelating agent series (EDTA, DTPA, NTA) le lihlahisoa tsa tsona tsa letsoai la tšepe, glycine, hydroxyacetonitrile (acid), jj. Metswako ena ea organic e na le lits'ebetso tse pharaletseng masimong a kang tlhahlobo ea lik'hemik'hale, kalafo ea metsi le tlhahiso ea organic. Mohlala, metsoako ea chelating e ka sebelisoa ho tlama li-ion tsa tšepe, e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tsa ho nolofatsa metsi le karohano ea li-ion tsa tšepe.

Litlhokomelo tsa Polokeho le Tikoloho

Ka lebaka la chefo e ngata, mehato e tiileng ea polokeho e tlameha ho nkuoa tlhahiso, lipalangoang, polokelo le ts'ebeliso ea sodium cyanide. Ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso, basebetsi ba hloka ho apara lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tsa ts'ireletso, ho kenyelletsa le lisutu tse thata tsa khase, li-respirators le liatlana tse sireletsang, ho thibela ho kopana le sodium cyanide. Mehaho ea tlhahiso e lokela ho ba le lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa moea le tsamaiso ea ho ntša metsi ho netefatsa hore moea oa sebaka sa mosebetsi o finyella litekanyetso tsa tšireletso. Nakong ea lipalangoang, sodium cyanide e tlameha ho pakoa ho latela melaoana e amehang, hangata ka meqomong ea tšepe e tiisitsoeng, 'me e tsamaisoa ka likoloi tse khethehileng tsa lipalangoang tse kotsi tsa lik'hemik'hale. Litsela tsa lipalangoang li lokela ho hlophisoa ka hloko ho qoba libaka tse nang le baahi ba bangata le mehloli ea metsi. Sebakeng sa polokelo, se lokela ho bolokoa ka setorong se inehetseng se nang le moea o motle, hole le mehloli ea mocheso, mehloli ea mollo, le lintho tse sa lumellaneng tse kang li-acid le li-oxidants. Sebaka sa polokelo se lokela ho ba le lisebelisoa tse lutlang - bopaki le tse thibelang bosholu, 'me se kenye tšebetsong tsamaiso ea "double-lock" system.

Mabapi le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, "litšila tse tharo" tse hlahisoang tlhahisong ea sodium cyanide li tlameha ho tšoaroa hantle. Metsi a litšila a nang le cyanide a lokela ho hloekisoa ka k'hemik'hale ea lik'hemik'hale kapa mekhoa e meng e nepahetseng ea ho senya li-ion tsa cyanide linthong tse seng chefo pele a ntšoa. Khase ea litšila e nang le hydrogen cyanide e lokela ho hloekisoa ka ho monngoa kapa ho chesoa ka mollo ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea eona sepakapakeng. Litšila tse tiileng tse nang le cyanide li lokela ho lahleloa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng kapa li tšoaroe ke lits'ebeletso tse khethehileng tsa ho hloekisa litšila tse kotsi ho thibela tšilafalo ea mobu le metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše.

fihlela qeto e

Sodium cyanide, leha e na le chefo e ngata, ke ntho ea bohlokoa indastering ea sejoale-joale. Ho tloha ho liindasteri ho ea ho lik'hemik'hale tse ntle, e entse tlatsetso ea bohlokoa mafapheng a sa tšoaneng. Ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea thekenoloji, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho ntse ho hlahlojoa mekhoa ea tlhahiso e sebetsang hantle le e se nang tikoloho ea sodium cyanide; ka lehlakoreng le leng, ts'ebetsong ea kopo, ho ntse ho etsoa boiteko ba ho ntlafatsa tekanyo ea tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide le ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea eona e mpe bophelong ba batho le tikolohong. Nakong e tlang, sodium cyanide e tla tsoela pele ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ntlafatsong ea moruo oa indasteri ha ho ntse ho leka-lekanya polokeho, tšireletso ea tikoloho le litlhoko tsa tlhahiso.