Sodium Cyanide: Sesebelisuoa sa Bohlokoa ho tloha ho Indasteri Synthesis ho ea ho Lik'hemik'hale tse Ntle

Selelekela

Sodium cyanide, ka mokhoa oa lik'hemik'hale oa NaCN, ke phofo e tšoeu ea kristale. E qhibiliha haholo metsing 'me e na le monko o monate oa almonde. E le lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa mantlha tsa lik'hemik'hale, Sodium cyanide e bapala karolo e ke keng ea nkeloa sebaka mafapheng a fapaneng a indasteri, haholo ts'ebetsong ea indasteri le Lik'hemik'hale tse ntle.

Thepa ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale

Sodium cyanide ke sesebelisoa sa kristale sa cubic. E qhibiliha haholo ka metsing 'me e qhibiliha habonolo ka hydrolyze ho hlahisa hydrogen cyanide, ka tharollo ea eona ea metsi e bontšang alkalinity e matla. Sebaka sa eona se qhibilihang ke 563.7 ° C, 'me ntlha ea eona e belang ke 1496 °C. E na le boima ba 1.595 g/cm³. Sodium cyanide e chefo e feteletseng, 'me esita le ho kopana le letlalo ka maqeba a letlalo, ho hema kapa ho e noa ho ka lebisa lefung. Chefo ena e phahameng haholo e bakoa ke ion ea cyanide (CN⁻) e ka ho eona, e ka kopanang le li-ion tsa ferric liseleng tsa mali, e leng se etsang hore lisele tsa mali li lahleheloe ke mosebetsi oa tsona oa ho tsamaisa oksijene, 'me qetellong li lebisa lefung le potlakileng la lintho tse phelang ka lebaka la hypoxia.

Mekhoa ea ho Kopanya Liindasteri

1. Ts'ebetso ea Andrussow: Mokhoa ona o sebelisa khase ea tlhaho, ammonia, le moea e le thepa e tala, ka motsoako oa platinum-rhodium e le mohloli oa matla. Boitšoaro bo etsahala ka mocheso o phahameng. Khase ea tlhaho (haholo-holo methane) e sebetsana le ammonia le oksijene ka pel'a sesebelisoa sa ho hlahisa hydrogen cyanide, ebe hydrogen cyanide e arabela le sodium hydroxide solution ho fumana. Sodium cyanide. Maikutlo ka kakaretso a ka hlalosoa habonolo feela tjena: CH₄ + NH₃ + 1.5O₂ → HCN + 3H₂O, HCN + NaOH → NaCN + H₂O. Mokhoa ona o na le ts'ebetso e batlang e phahame haholo 'me o loketse tlhahiso e kholo ea indasteri. Leha ho le joalo, e hloka maemo a phahameng a karabelo le taolo e tiileng ea likarohano tsa thepa e tala le litekanyetso tsa karabelo.

2. Mokhoa oa Pyrolysis oa Oli ea Leseli: Ammonia ea metsi e etsoa mouoane ebe e kopantsoe le oli e bobebe ka har'a motsoako ebe o futhumatsoa pele. Khase e tsoakiloeng e chesitsoeng pele e kena ka sebōping se phunyehang, moo ho phatloha ho hlahang mocheso o phahameng (hoo e ka bang 1450 ° C). Petroleum coke e sebelisoa e le sejari, 'me nitrogen e sebelisoa e le khase e sireletsang ho thibela oxidation. Khase e petsohang e na le hydrogen cyanide. Kamora lits'ebetso tse joalo ka ho tlosoa ha ammonia, ho monya metsi, ho lokisoa, le condensation, hydrogen cyanide e fumanoa, ebe e arabela ka tharollo ea sodium hydroxide ho fumana metsi. sodium cyanide. Mokelikeli oa sodium cyanide o ka tšeloa haholoanyane le ho khantša ho fumana sodium cyanide e tiileng. Le hoja ts'ebetso ena e na le thekenoloji e hōlileng tsebong, e boetse e na le mathata a kang desulfurization e thata le ho tlosoa hoa litšila tsa hydrogen cyanide, tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla a lihlahisoa, bothata bo boholo ba "litšila tse tharo" kalafo, le litšenyehelo tse batlang li le holimo tsa tlhahiso.

3. Acrylonitrile Ka - sehlahisoa Mokhoa: Nakong ea ho hlahisa acrylonitrile ka ammoxidation ea propylene, khase ea hydrogen cyanide e hlahisoa e le sehlahisoa (chelete e lekana le 4% - 10% ea tlhahiso ea acrylonitrile). Khase e tsoang ho reactor e na le ammonia e feteletseng. Ka mor'a hore ho tlosoe ammonia le dilute sulfuric acid, khase e arabelang e kena ka tora e pholileng ea metsi ho monya acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, acetonitrile, le acrolein, joalo-joalo The absorption fluid e tsoela pele karohano le mekhoa ea tlhoekiso e kang ho rarolla le ho lokisoa ho fumana lihlahisoa tse phahameng tsa hydrogenlonitrilec. The by - product hydrogen cyanide ebe e monngoa ke tharollo ea alkali ho hlahisa sodium cyanide. Lihlahisoa tse fumanoang ka mokhoa ona li na le litšila tse fokolang le tse fokolang tsa sebabole. Leha ho le joalo, e lekanyelitsoe ke bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea acrylonitrile. Hona joale, tlhahiso ea acrylonitrile Chaena e atametse saturation, 'me tlhahiso ea eona e thata ho eketseha haholo.

Lisebelisoa ho Lik'hemik'hale Tse Ntle

1. Indasteri ea Meriana: Sodium cyanide e sebelisoa haholo ha ho etsoa li-intermediates tsa meriana. Ka mohlala, ha ho etsoa lithethefatsi tse ling tse tloaelehileng tse kang penicillin, ibuprofen, vithamine B6. folic acid, guanine, acyclovir, barbiturates, norfloxacin, caffeine, le berberine, sodium cyanide ke thepa e tala ea bohlokoa. E kenya letsoho liketsong tsa bohlokoa tseleng ea ho kopanya, ho thusa ho aha sebopeho sa limolek'hule tsa moriana le ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong eohle ea ho kopanya lithethefatsi.

2. Indasteri ea Likokoanyana: Hape ke thepa e tala ea bohlokoa tlhahisong ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana. Likokoana-hloko tse tloaelehileng tse kang glyphosate, paraquat, cyanazine, phenthoate, le isoprothiolane kaofela li hloka tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide mekhoeng ea bona ea tlhahiso. Sodium cyanide e kenya letsoho ho qaleng ha metsoako e sebetsang ea chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, e fa chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana ka mefuta e itseng ea lik'hemik'hale le thepa e bolaeang likokoanyana, e leng bohlokoa bo boholo ho netefatsa tlhahiso ea temo le ho thibela le ho laola tse senyang lijalo.

3. Indasteri ea Dae le Pigment: Indastering ea dae, sodium cyanide e sebelisoa ho etsa li-intermediate tsa bohlokoa joalo ka cyanuric chloride. Cyanuric chloride ke sebaka sa bohlokoa sa lipakeng bakeng sa lidae tse sebetsang hape ke thepa e tala bakeng sa tlhahiso ea li-optical brighteners. E kenya letsoho ho hlahisoeng ha lidae, ho fana ka lidae tse nang le litšobotsi tse ntle tsa mebala le ho potlaka ha mebala, le ho khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea dae.

4. Motsoako oa Metsoako e Khethehileng ea Organic: Sodium cyanide e ka sebelisoa ho kopanya mefuta e fapaneng ea metsoako e khethehileng ea lintho tse phelang, tse kang cyanobenzyl le lihlahisoa tsa eona tse tsoang ho eona, iminodiacetonitrile, iminodiacetic acid (ester), chelating agent series products (EDTA, DTPA, NTA) le lihlahisoa tsa tsona tsa letsoai tsa tšepe, glycine, hydroxyacetoni ea lik'hemik'hale, joalo-joalo. tlhahlobo, kalafo ea metsi, le organic synthesis. Ka mohlala, li-chelating agents li ka sebelisoa ho tlama li-ion tsa tšepe, li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho nolofatsa metsi le mekhoa ea ho arohana ha ion ea tšepe.

Litlhokomelo tsa Polokeho le Tikoloho

Ka lebaka la chefo e ngata, mehato e tiileng ea polokeho e tlameha ho nkuoa tlhahiso, lipalangoang, polokelo le ts'ebeliso ea sodium cyanide. Ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso, basebetsi ba hloka ho apara lisebelisoa tse nepahetseng tsa ts'ireletso, ho kenyelletsa le lisutu tse thata tsa khase, li-respirators le liatlana tse sireletsang, ho thibela ho kopana le sodium cyanide. Mehaho ea tlhahiso e lokela ho ba le lisebelisoa tse tsoetseng pele tsa moea le tsamaiso ea ho ntša metsi ho netefatsa hore moea oa sebaka sa mosebetsi o finyella litekanyetso tsa tšireletso. Nakong ea lipalangoang, sodium cyanide e tlameha ho pakoa ho latela melaoana e amehang, hangata ka meqomong ea tšepe e tiisitsoeng, 'me e tsamaisoa ka likoloi tse khethehileng tsa lipalangoang tse kotsi tsa lik'hemik'hale. Litsela tsa lipalangoang li lokela ho hlophisoa ka hloko ho qoba libaka tse nang le baahi ba bangata le mehloli ea metsi. Sebakeng sa polokelo, se lokela ho bolokoa ka setorong se inehetseng se nang le moea o motle, hole le mehloli ea mocheso, mehloli ea mollo, le lintho tse sa lumellaneng tse kang li-acid le li-oxidants. Sebaka sa polokelo se lokela ho ba le lisebelisoa tse lutlang - bopaki le tse thibelang bosholu, 'me se kenye tšebetsong tsamaiso ea "double-lock" system.

Mabapi le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, "litšila tse tharo" tse hlahisoang tlhahisong ea sodium cyanide li tlameha ho tšoaroa hantle. Metsi a litšila a nang le cyanide a lokela ho hloekisoa ka k'hemik'hale ea lik'hemik'hale kapa mekhoa e meng e nepahetseng ea ho senya li-ion tsa cyanide linthong tse seng chefo pele a ntšoa. Khase ea litšila e nang le hydrogen cyanide e lokela ho hloekisoa ka ho monngoa kapa ho chesoa ka mollo ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea eona sepakapakeng. Litšila tse tiileng tse nang le cyanide li lokela ho lahleloa ka mokhoa o sireletsehileng kapa li tšoaroe ke lits'ebeletso tse khethehileng tsa ho hloekisa litšila tse kotsi ho thibela tšilafalo ea mobu le metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše.

fihlela qeto e

Sodium cyanide, leha e na le chefo e ngata, ke ntho ea bohlokoa indastering ea sejoale-joale. Ho tloha ho liindasteri ho ea ho lik'hemik'hale tse ntle, e entse tlatsetso ea bohlokoa mafapheng a sa tšoaneng. Ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea thekenoloji, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho ntse ho hlahlojoa mekhoa ea tlhahiso e sebetsang hantle le e se nang tikoloho ea sodium cyanide; ka lehlakoreng le leng, ts'ebetsong ea kopo, ho ntse ho etsoa boiteko ba ho ntlafatsa tekanyo ea tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide le ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea eona e mpe bophelong ba batho le tikolohong. Nakong e tlang, sodium cyanide e tla tsoela pele ho bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ntlafatsong ea moruo oa indasteri ha ho ntse ho leka-lekanya polokeho, tšireletso ea tikoloho le litlhoko tsa tlhahiso.