Mekhoa le Mekhoa ea ho Detoxification ea Cyanide Tailings

Selelekela

Masalla a cyanide ke litšila tse tiileng tse hlahisoang nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho nona merafong ea khauta le merafong e meng. Ka lebaka la boteng ba masalla a cyanide le litšepe tse ling tse boima, haeba li sa phekoloe hantle, li tla baka kotsi e kholo tikolohong le bophelong ba batho. Chefo e phahameng ea Cyanides e ka ata ka moea, metsi le mobu, e silafatsa tikoloho e potolohileng le ho beha bophelo ba liphoofolo le limela kotsing. Ka hona, ho potlakile ho hloekisa Masalla a Cyanide . Sengoloa sena se tla hlahisa ka botlalo mekhoa le lits'ebetso tsa ho tlosa chefo ea cyanide.

Litšobotsi le Likotsi tsa Mehatla ea Cyanide

Sebopeho sa mesaletsa ea cyanide se rarahane. Ntle le li-cyanide tse sa sebetseng, e boetse e na le lirafshoa tse boima tse kang koporo, loto, zinki le mercury. Limetale tsena tse boima ho thata ho li theola tikolohong ea tlhaho 'me li tla bokellana ka nako e telele. Li-cyanides li ka thibela ts'ebetso ea li-enzyme tsa phefumoloho liseleng tsa likokoana-hloko, tse lebisang ho felloa ke matla le lefu la lintho tse phelang. Mohlala, ha metsi a litšila a nang le mehatla ea cyanide a lahleloa ka har'a linōka, a tla baka palo e kholo ea libōpuoa tse phelang metsing tse kang litlhapi, e leng ho senya tekanyo ea tikoloho ea metsi. Ha litšepe tse boima li kena 'meleng oa motho, li tla bokellana lithong tsa motho ebe li baka mafu a sa tšoaneng. Ka mohlala, chefo ea loto e ama khōlo ea tsamaiso ea methapo, ’me chefo ea mercury e senya liphio le boko.

Mekhoa ea ho Detoxification

Mokhoa oa Oxidation oa Lik'hemik'hale

1. Mokhoa oa Alkaline Chlorination : Ena ke mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo oa ho tlosa chefo ea lik'hemik'hale. Tlas'a maemo a alkaline (hangata boleng ba pH bo laoloa ho 10 - 11), li-oxidants tse kang khase ea chlorine kapa li-hypochlorite li eketsoa mesaleng ea cyanide. Molao-motheo oa karabelo ea eona ke o latelang: Ea pele, li-ion tsa cyanide (CN⁻) li oxidized ho li-ion tsa cyanate (CNO⁻), 'me equation ea karabelo ke CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2H⁺. Ebe, cyanate e bolisoa hore e be lintho tse se nang kotsi tse kang naetrojene le Carbon dioxide tlas'a oxidation e eketsehileng, 2CNO⁻ + 3ClO⁻ + H₂O → N₂↑ + 3Cl⁻ + 2HCO₃⁻. Molemo oa mokhoa ona ke hore sekhahla sa karabelo se potlakile haholo 'me phello ea detoxification e totobetse, empa bothata ke hore litšila tse ling tsa bobeli tse kang khase ea chlorine e nang le mosi li ka hlahisoa.

2. Mokhoa oa ho Oxidation ea Hydrogen Peroxide : Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) e ka oxidation le ho qhala cyanides ha ho na le catalyst e loketseng. Hangata ho khethoa li-catalyst tse kang li-ion tsa ferrous (Fe²⁺). Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea karabelo, hydrogen peroxide ea bola ho hlahisa li-radical tsa hydroxyl (·OH), tse nang le thepa e matla haholo ea oxidizing 'me li ka oxidation ea cyanides kapele. Tekanyo ea karabelo ke CN⁻ + H₂O₂ → CNO⁻ + H₂O. Molemo oa mokhoa oa oxidation oa hydrogen peroxide ke hore lihlahisoa kamora ho bola ha hydrogen peroxide ke metsi le oksijene, 'me ha ho na litšila tse ncha tse hlahisoang, empa litšenyehelo li holimo haholo, 'me litlhoko tsa maemo a karabelo li thata haholo.

Biological Oxidation Mokhoa

1. Mokhoa oa ho Leaching oa Microbial : Ho sebelisoa likokoana-hloko tse ling tse ikhethang, tse kang Thiobacillus ferroxidans. Likokoanyana tsena li ka sebelisa cyanides e le mehloli ea naetrojene le khabone nakong ea kholo ea tsona 'me tsa li kopanya le ho li bola. Ka mesebetsi ea tsona ea metabolism, likokoana-hloko li fetola cyanides hore e be lintho tse se nang kotsi tse kang carbon dioxide, metsi le ammonia. Molemo oa mokhoa ona ke hore o mosa tikolohong 'me o na le tšebeliso e tlase ea matla, empa bothata ke hore kholo ea likokoana-hloko e angoa haholo ke mabaka a tikoloho a kang mocheso le boleng ba pH, 'me potoloho ea kalafo e telele haholo.

2. Mokhoa oa Biofilm : Likokoana-hloko li tsitsitse holim'a sekoahelo ho etsa biofilm. Ha masala a cyanide a kopana le biofilm, li-cyanide lia senyeha ke likokoana-hloko. Biofilm e na le bokhoni bo matla ba ho monya le ho senya, e leng se ka ntlafatsang katleho ea kalafo ea likokoana-hloko ho li-cyanide. Ha li bapisoa le mokhoa oa ho ntša likokoana-hloko, likokoana-hloko tse mokhoeng oa biofilm ha li bonolo ho lahleheloa 'me li na le botsitso bo phahameng, empa li boetse li tobane le bothata ba ho ba le kutloelo-bohloko maemong a tikoloho.

Mekhoa e meng

1. Mokhoa oa ho sebelisa pyrolysis ea mocheso o phahameng : Mesaletsa ea cyanide e pyrolysis mochesong o phahameng (hangata e kaholimo ho 800℃), 'me li-cyanide lia bola hore e be likhase tse kang naetrojene le carbon monoxide. Mokhoa oa ho sebelisa pyrolysis ea mocheso o phahameng o ka tlosa li-cyanide ka katleho, empa o hloka tšebeliso e kholo ea matla, 'me litšepe tse boima li ka fetoha mocheso tlas'a maemo a mocheso o phahameng, e leng se eketsang bothata ba kalafo ea khase ea mohatla e latelang.

2. Mokhoa oa ho Monya : Li-adsorbent tse kang Activated Carbon le zeolite li sebelisetsoa ho monya li-cyanide. Li-adsorbent li na le sebaka se seholo se ikhethang 'me li ka monya li-cyanide holim'a tsona, ka hona li finyella morero oa ho ntša chefo. Mokhoa oa ho monya o bonolo ho o sebelisa, empa bokhoni ba ho monya ba adsorbent bo lekanyelitsoe, 'me adsorbent e hloka ho nkeloa sebaka khafetsa. Ho phaella moo, kalafo ea adsorbent e monyang le eona e rarahane haholo.

Mokhoa oa ho tlosa chefo

Pherekano

1. Ho Sila le ho Hlahloba : Masalla a maholo a cyanide a siloa ho fokotsa boholo ba likaroloana tsa ona, e le hore karabelo e latelang ea ho ntša chefo e ka tsoela pele ka botlalo. Li-crusher tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa li-crusher tsa mohlahare, li-crusher tsa likhoune, jj. Masalla a siloa a siloa ka lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahloba tse kang li-screen tse thothomelang ho sireletsa likaroloana tsa boholo bo fapaneng ba likaroloana, ho fana ka thepa ka boholo bo loketseng ba likaroloana bakeng sa kalafo e latelang.

2. Ho dutla : E le ho etsa hore cyanides e kopane hantle le ho arabela ka reagent ea ho tlosa chefo, metsi kapa metsoako e meng e loketseng hangata e sebelisoa ho dutla metsoako ea cyanide. Ts'ebetso ea ho dutla metsoako e etsoa ka tankeng e hlohlellelitsoeng, 'me metsoako le tharollo li tsoakoa ka botlalo ka ho hlohlelletsa. Lintlha tse kang nako ea ho dutla, mocheso, le karolelano ea metsi ho ea ho solid li tla ama phello ea ho dutla metsoako, 'me ka kakaretso li hloka ho ntlafatsoa ho latela maemo a sebele.

Ts'ebetso ea ho tlosa chefo

1. Mokhoa oa Ts'ebetso oa Mokhoa oa ho Oxidation ea Lik'hemik'hale : Ha re nka mokhoa oa alkaline chlorination e le mohlala, tharollong ea tailings kamora ho tsoa, ​​​​sodium hydroxide e eketsoa pele ho fetola boleng ba pH ea tharollo ho 10 - 11. Ebe, khase ea chlorine e kenngoa butle kapa tharollo ea sodium hypochlorite ea eketsoa, ​​​​'me ho hlohlelletsoa ho etsoa ka nako e le' ngoe ho etsa hore karabelo e tsoele pele ka botlalo. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea karabelo, mahloriso a cyanide tharollong a hloka ho beoa leihlo ka nako ea sebele. Ha mahloriso a cyanide a theohile ho ba ka tlase ho tekanyetso e boletsoeng, ho eketsoa ha oxidant hoa emisoa.

2. Mokhoa oa Ts'ebetso oa Mokhoa oa ho Oxidation ea Baeloji : Haeba mokhoa oa ho tlosa likokoana-hloko o amoheloa, Thiobacillus ferroxidans e lengoang hantle le likokoana-hloko tse ling li kenngoa ka har'a tharollo ea ho tlosa e nang le mesaletsa ea cyanide. Mocheso oa sistimi ea karabelo o laoloa ka har'a sebaka se loketseng sa kholo ea likokoana-hloko (ka kakaretso 25 - 35℃), 'me boleng ba pH bo fetoloa ho ea sebakeng se loketseng (ka kakaretso 2 - 4). Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea karabelo, limatlafatsi li hloka ho tlatsoa khafetsa ho fihlela litlhoko tsa kholo ea likokoana-hloko. Tsoelo-pele ea karabelo ea ho tlosa chefo e ahloloa ka ho beha leihlo bongata ba cyanide le kholo ea likokoana-hloko.

Kalafo e Latelang

1. Karohano ea Metsi a Tiileng : Kamora hore karabelo ea ho ntša chefo e phetheloe, masala a phekotsoeng a hloka ho kenngoa ka karohano ea metsi a tiileng le a metsi. Mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea karohano ea metsi a tiileng le a metsi e kenyelletsa ho sefa le ho centrifugation. Ka lisebelisoa tsa ho sefa tse kang mechine ea ho sefa ea poleiti le ea foreimi, masala a tiileng a arotsoe ho mokelikeli. Mokelikeli o arohaneng o hloka ho hlahlojoa hape bakeng sa cyanide le litaba tsa tšepe e boima ho netefatsa hore o ka ntšoa ka mor'a ho fihlela maemo a ho ntša.

2. Ho Lahla Mesaletsa : Kamora ho tlosa chefo le ho arola metsi a tiileng, haeba tekanyo ea tšepe e boima e ntse e le holimo, ho hlokahala kalafo e eketsehileng. Mohlala, theknoloji ea ho tiisa le ho tsitsisa e sebelisoa, 'me mesaletsa e kopanngoa le lintho tse tiisang tse kang samente le kalaka ho lokisa litšepe tse boima 'meleng o tiileng le ho fokotsa ho tsamaea ha tsona tikolohong. Mesaletsa e phekoloang e ka tlatsoa mobung kapa ea sebelisoa ka botlalo ho latela maemo a sebele, joalo ka ho sebelisoa tlhahisong ea thepa ea kaho.

fihlela qeto e

Phekolo ea detoxification ea mesalla ea cyanide e bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le ts'ebeliso e tsitsitseng ea lisebelisoa. Mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho tlosa chefo e na le melemo le mathata a eona. Lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang, mekhoa le lits'ebetso tse nepahetseng tsa detoxification li hloka ho khethoa ka botlalo ho latela lintlha tse joalo ka litšobotsi tsa mehatla ea cyanide, litšenyehelo tsa kalafo le litlhoko tsa tikoloho. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea saense le thekenoloji, mekhoa e mecha ea thekenoloji le mekhoa ea ho tlosa chefo e lula e hlaha. Nakong e tlang, ho lebelletsoe hore ho hlahisoe mekhoa e sebetsang hantle haholoanyane, e baballang tikoloho, le ea moruo ea ho tlosa chefo bakeng sa mesalla ea cyanide, ho fana ka tharollo e betere mathateng a tikoloho a tlisoang ke mesaletsa ea cyanide.