Mekhoa le Mekhoa ea ho Detoxification ea Cyanide Tailings

Selelekela

Li-cyanide tailings ke litšila tse tiileng tse hlahisoang nakong ea ts'ebetso ea melemo ea merafo ea khauta le merafo e meng. Ka lebaka la boteng ba masala li-cyanides le litšepe tse ling tse boima, haeba li sa phekoloe hantle, li tla baka kotsi e kholo tikolohong le bophelong ba batho. Chefo e phahameng ea Li-cyanides e ka ata ka moea, metsi le mobu, e silafatsa tikoloho e potolohileng tikoloho le ho beha bophelo ba liphoofolo le limela kotsing. Ka hona, ho potlakile ho tlosa chefo Limela tsa Cyanide. Sengoliloeng sena se tla hlahisa ka ho qaqileng Detoxification mekhoa le mekhoa ea cyanide mehatla.

Litšobotsi le Likotsi tsa Mehatla ea Cyanide

Sebopeho sa mesaletsa ea cyanide se rarahane. Ntle le li-cyanide tse sa sebetseng, e boetse e na le lirafshoa tse boima tse kang koporo, loto, zinki le mercury. Limetale tsena tse boima ho thata ho li theola tikolohong ea tlhaho 'me li tla bokellana ka nako e telele. Li-cyanides li ka thibela ts'ebetso ea li-enzyme tsa phefumoloho liseleng tsa likokoana-hloko, tse lebisang ho felloa ke matla le lefu la lintho tse phelang. Mohlala, ha metsi a litšila a nang le mehatla ea cyanide a lahleloa ka har'a linōka, a tla baka palo e kholo ea libōpuoa tse phelang metsing tse kang litlhapi, e leng ho senya tekanyo ea tikoloho ea metsi. Ha litšepe tse boima li kena 'meleng oa motho, li tla bokellana lithong tsa motho ebe li baka mafu a sa tšoaneng. Ka mohlala, chefo ea loto e ama khōlo ea tsamaiso ea methapo, ’me chefo ea mercury e senya liphio le boko.

Mekhoa ea ho Detoxification

Mokhoa oa Oxidation oa Lik'hemik'hale

1. Alkaline Chlorination Mokhoa: Ena ke mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo oa ho tlosa chefo ea lik'hemik'hale. Tlas'a maemo a alkaline (hangata boleng ba pH bo laoloa ho 10 - 11), li-oxidants tse kang khase ea chlorine kapa li-hypochlorite li eketsoa mesaleng ea cyanide. Molao-motheo oa karabelo ea eona ke o latelang: Ea pele, li-ion tsa cyanide (CN⁻) li oxidized ho li-ion tsa cyanate (CNO⁻), 'me equation ea karabelo ke CN⁻ + ClO⁻ + H₂O → CNO⁻ + Cl⁻ + 2H⁺. Ebe, cyanate e bolisoa hore e be lintho tse se nang kotsi tse kang naetrojene le k'habone dioxide e tlas'a oxidation e eketsehileng, 2CNO⁻ + 3ClO⁻ + H₂O → N₂↑ + 3Cl⁻ + 2HCO₃⁻. Molemo oa mokhoa ona ke hore sekhahla sa karabelo se potlakile haholo 'me phello ea detoxification e totobetse, empa bothata ke hore litšila tse ling tsa bobeli tse kang khase ea mosi ea chlorine li ka hlahisoa.

2. Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation Mokhoa: Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) e ka oxidize le ho senya li-cyanide ka ho ba teng ha mokelikeli o loketseng. Li-catalyst tse kang ferrous ion (Fe²⁺) hangata lia khethoa. Nakong ea ts'ebetso, hydrogen peroxide e senyeha ho hlahisa hydroxyl radicals (·OH), e nang le matla a feteletseng a oxidizing 'me e ka ntša oxidize cyanide kapele. Equation ea maikutlo ke CN⁻ + H₂O₂ → CNO⁻ + H₂O. Molemo oa mokhoa oa hydrogen peroxide oxidation ke hore lihlahisoa ka mor'a ho bola ha hydrogen peroxide ke metsi le oksijene, 'me ha ho na litšila tse ncha tse hlahisoang, empa litšenyehelo li batla li le holimo,' me litlhoko tsa maemo a karabelo li batla li le thata.

Biological Oxidation Mokhoa

1. Mokhoa oa ho Leaching oa Microbial: Ho sebelisoa likokoana-hloko tse ling tse khethehileng, tse kang Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Likokoana-hloko tsena li ka sebelisa li-cyanides e le mehloli ea naetrojene le khabone nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tsona ea ho hola 'me ea li oxidize le ho li senya. Ka mesebetsi ea tsona ea ho fetola lijo, likokoana-hloko li fetola li-cyanide hore e be lintho tse se nang kotsi tse kang carbon dioxide, metsi le ammonia. Molemo oa mokhoa ona ke hore o na le botsoalle ba tikoloho 'me o na le matla a fokolang a matla, empa bothata ke hore kholo ea likokoana-hloko e ameha haholo ke maemo a tikoloho a kang mocheso le pH boleng,' me potoloho ea phekolo e batla e le telele.

2. Mokhoa oa Biofilm: Likokoana-hloko li tsitsitse holim'a sejari ho etsa biofilm. Ha mesela ea cyanide e kopana le biofilm, li-cyanides li senngoa ke likokoana-hloko. Biofilm e na le matla a matla a ho bapatsa le ho senya, a ka ntlafatsang ts'ebetso ea kalafo ea likokoana-hloko ho li-cyanides. Ha ho bapisoa le mokhoa oa ho ntša likokoana-hloko, likokoana-hloko ka mokhoa oa biofilm ha li bonolo ho lahleheloa le ho ba le botsitso bo phahameng, empa li boetse li tobane le bothata ba ho ba le boikutlo bo botle ba maemo a tikoloho.

Mekhoa e meng

1. Phahameng - Mocheso Pyrolysis Mokhoa: Mehatla ea Cyanide e entsoe ka pyrolyzed ka mocheso o phahameng (hangata o ka holimo ho 800 ℃), 'me li-cyanide li senyeha ho ba likhase tse kang nitrogen le carbon monoxide. Mokhoa o phahameng oa mocheso oa pyrolysis o ka tlosa li-cyanides ka katleho, empa o hloka tšebeliso e ngata ea matla, 'me litšepe tse boima li ka senya tlas'a maemo a phahameng a mocheso, ho eketsa bothata ba phekolo ea khase e latelang ea mohatla.

2. Mokhoa oa Adsorption: Li-adsorbent tse kang E entsoe ka Carbon le zeolite li sebelisoa ho monya cyanides. Li-adsorbent li na le sebaka se seholo se ikhethang sa bokaholimo 'me li ka monya cyanides holim'a tsona, ka hona li finyella morero oa ho ntša chefo. Mokhoa oa ho monya o bonolo ho o sebelisa, empa bokhoni ba ho monya ba adsorbent bo lekanyelitsoe, 'me adsorbent e hloka ho nkeloa sebaka khafetsa. Ho phaella moo, kalafo ea adsorbent e adsorbent le eona e rarahane haholo.

Mokhoa oa ho tlosa chefo

Pherekano

1. Ho silakanya le ho hlahlobisisa: Mehatla e meholo ea cyanide e hatelloa ho fokotsa boholo ba eona, e le hore karabelo e latelang ea detoxification e ka tsoela pele ka botlalo. Li-crushers tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa li-crushers tsa mohlahare, li-cone crushers, joalo-joalo. Mehatla e sithabetseng e ntan'o hlahlojoa ka lisebelisoa tsa ho hlahloba tse kang li-skrini tse thothomelang ho hlahisa likaroloana tsa boholo bo fapaneng ba likaroloana, ho fana ka thepa e nang le boholo bo loketseng bakeng sa phekolo e latelang.

2. Leaching: E le ho etsa hore li-cyanides li kopane hantle le ho sebetsana le reagent ea detoxification, metsi kapa li-solvents tse ling tse loketseng li atisa ho sebelisoa ho hula mehatla ea cyanide. Ts'ebetso ea leaching e etsoa ka tanka e tsosolositsoeng, 'me mehatla le solvent li kopantsoe ka ho feletseng ka ho hlohlelletsa. Lintlha tse joalo ka nako ea leaching, mocheso, le mokelikeli - ho - solid ratio e tla ama phello ea leaching, 'me ka kakaretso e hloka ho ntlafatsoa ho latela maemo a nnete.

Ts'ebetso ea ho tlosa chefo

1. Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea Mokhoa oa Oxidation oa Lik'hemik'hale: Ho nka mokhoa oa alkaline chlorination e le mohlala, ka tharollo ea tailings ka mor'a leaching, sodium hydroxide e qala ho ekeletsoa ho lokisa pH boleng ba tharollo ho 10 - 11. Joale, khase ea chlorine e hlahisoa butle-butle kapa tharollo ea sodium hypochlorite e eketsoa, ​​​​'me ho hlohlelletsa ho etsoa ka nako e le' ngoe ho etsa hore karabelo e tsoele pele ka botlalo. Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea karabelo, mahloriso a cyanide ka tharollong a hloka ho beoa leihlo ka nako ea nnete. Ha motsoako oa cyanide o fokotsehile ho ba ka tlase ho tekanyo e boletsoeng, ho eketsoa ha oxidant ho emisoa.

2. Ts'ebetso ea Ts'ebetso ea Biological Oxidation Method: Haeba mokhoa oa leaching oa likokoana-hloko o amoheloa, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans e hōlileng hantle le likokoana-hloko tse ling li kenngoa ka har'a tharollo ea leaching e nang le mehatla ea cyanide. Mocheso oa mokhoa oa ho itšoara o laoloa ka har'a mefuta e loketseng ea kholo ea likokoana-hloko (ka kakaretso 25 - 35 ℃), 'me boleng ba pH bo fetoloa ho ea ka mefuta e loketseng (ka kakaretso 2 - 4). Nakong ea ts'ebetso ea karabelo, limatlafatsi li hloka ho tlatsetsoa khafetsa ho fihlela litlhoko tsa kholo ea likokoana-hloko. Tsoelo-pele ea karabelo ea detoxification e ahloloa ka ho lekola mahloriso a cyanide le kholo ea likokoana-hloko.

Kalafo e Latelang

1. Tiileng - Karohano ea Mokelikeli: Ka mor'a hore karabelo ea detoxification e phethoe, mehatla e phekotsoeng e lokela ho behoa tlas'a karohano e tiileng ea metsi. Mekhoa e tloaelehileng e tiileng - ea karohano ea mokelikeli e kenyelletsa ho sefa le centrifugation. Ka lisebelisoa tsa filtration tse kang li-plate - and - frame filter presses, mehatla e tiileng e arohanngoa le mokelikeli. Mokelikeli o arohaneng o hloka ho lekoa ho ea pele bakeng sa cyanide le content ea heavy metal ho netefatsa hore e ka ntšoa ka mor'a ho finyella litekanyetso tsa ho ntša metsi.

2. Ho lahla Mehatla: Ka mor'a detoxification le tiileng - karohano ea metsi, haeba lintho tse boima tsa tšepe tse ka har'a mehatla li ntse li phahame, ho hlokahala phekolo e eketsehileng. Ka mohlala, theknoloji ea ho tiisa le ho tsitsisa e amoheloa, 'me mehatla e kopantsoe le lisebelisoa tse tiisang tse kang samente le kalaka ho lokisa litšepe tse boima' meleng o tiileng le ho fokotsa ho tsamaea ha tsona tikolohong. Mehatla e hloekisitsoeng e ka tšeloa mobu kapa ea sebelisoa ka botlalo ho latela maemo a sebele, joalo ka ho sebelisoa ha ho etsoa thepa ea moaho.

fihlela qeto e

Phekolo ea detoxification ea mesalla ea cyanide e bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho le ts'ebeliso e tsitsitseng ea lisebelisoa. Mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho tlosa chefo e na le melemo le mathata a eona. Lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang, mekhoa le lits'ebetso tse nepahetseng tsa detoxification li hloka ho khethoa ka botlalo ho latela lintlha tse joalo ka litšobotsi tsa mehatla ea cyanide, litšenyehelo tsa kalafo le litlhoko tsa tikoloho. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ka tsoelo-pele e tsoelang pele ea saense le thekenoloji, mekhoa e mecha ea thekenoloji le mekhoa ea ho tlosa chefo e lula e hlaha. Nakong e tlang, ho lebelletsoe hore ho hlahisoe mekhoa e sebetsang hantle haholoanyane, e baballang tikoloho, le ea moruo ea ho tlosa chefo bakeng sa mesalla ea cyanide, ho fana ka tharollo e betere mathateng a tikoloho a tlisoang ke mesaletsa ea cyanide.