Tšebeliso ea Saense ea Sodium Cyanide Ntle le Kotsi e ka ba Teng ho Tikoloho

Selelekela

Sodium cyanide, motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale o nang le foromo ea NaCN, o sebelisoa haholo liindastering tse sa tšoaneng ka lebaka la lik'hemik'hale tsa eona tse ikhethang. Leha ho le joalo, e boetse e tsejoa ka chefo ea eona e phahameng, e hlahisang matšoenyeho mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea eona e bolokehileng le tšusumetso e ka bang teng tikolohong. Sengoliloeng sena se ikemiselitse ho hlahloba mokhoa oa ho Sodium cyanide e ka sebelisoa ka saense ho fokotsa likotsi le ho thibela kotsi leha e le efe tikolohong.

Thepa le Lisebelisoa tsa Sodium Cyanide

Mefuta ea Lik'hemik'hale

Sodium cyaide ke ntho e tiileng e tšoeu, e kristale e qhibilihang haholo metsing. E na le ion cyanide (CN-), e ikarabellang bakeng sa chefo ea eona. Ka boteng ba acid, Sodium cyanide e ka ntša khase ea hydrogen cyanide, ntho e chefo le chefo e feteletseng.

Likopo tsa Liindasteri

1.Indasteri ea Merafo

• Lefapheng la merafo ea khauta, sodium cyanide e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho ntšeng khauta lerōleng. Ts'ebetso ena, e tsejoang e le cyanidation kapa cyanide leaching, e bile theknoloji e ka sehloohong ea ho ntša khauta ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1970. Tharollo e hlapolotsoeng ea sodium cyanide, hangata e tloha ho 100 ppm ho isa ho 500 ppm (0.01% ho isa ho 0.05% cyanide), e sebelisoa ho qhala khauta lerōleng ka mokhoa o ikhethileng. Mekhoa e 'meli e tloaelehileng haholo e sebelisang cyanide bakeng sa ho khutlisa khauta ke heap leaching le silling (e tsejoang hape e le k'habone - ka hare ho leach, CIL). Le hoja ho entsoe dipatlisiso tse pharaletseng, ha ho na reagent e nngwe ya dikhemikhale e fumanweng e tsamaellanang le dibopeho tsa moruo le tsa tikoloho tsa cyanide ho tsosoloseng tshepe ya bohlokwa. Merafo, e le karolo ya mekgwa ya yona e metle, e sebedisa cyanide e nyane kamoo ho ka kgonehang bakeng sa mabaka a tikoloho, polokeho le moruo. Kamora hore kgauta e qhibilihe, ditharollo di sebetswa hape ho fumana kgauta, ebe e qhibilihiswa hore e be bullion ya kgauta.

2.Indasteri ea Electroplating

• Ho electroplating, sodium cyanide e sebelisoa ho ntlafatsa boleng ba ts'ebetso ea plating. E ka fokotsa polarization ea anode, e netefatsa ho qhibiliha ho tloaelehileng ha anode. Sena se thusa ho tsitsisa tharollo ea plating le ho eketsa polarization ea cathode, e leng se etsang hore ho be le lera le ts'oanang la plating.

3.Kakaretso ea Lik'hemik'hale

• Sodium cyanide ke ntho e ka sehloohong e tala bakeng sa tlhahiso ea mefuta e mengata ea lik'hemik'hale. Ka mohlala, e sebelisetsoa ho hlahisa li-inorganic tsa bohlokoa li-cyanides tse kang prussiate e mosehla ea soda, prussiate e mosehla ea potash, potassium cyanide, zinki cyanide, barium cyanide, cuprous cyanide, sodium thiocyanate, le thiocyanate ea potasiamo. Ka indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale tse phelang, e sebelisetsoa ho kopanya metsoako e kang cyanoacetic acid, malononitrile, methionine, cyanobenzyl, le cyanuric chloride.

Tšebeliso ea Mahlale ea Sodium Cyanide

Tšoaro e Sireletsehileng Mosebetsing

1.Koetliso ea Basebetsi

• Basebetsi bohle ba sebetsanang le sodium cyanide ba tlameha ho fumana koetliso e felletseng le e khethehileng. Ba lokela ho tloaelana hantle le thepa ea sodium cyanide, ho kenyelletsa le chefo ea eona, likotsi tse ka bang teng, le mekhoa ea ts'ireletso. Koetliso e lokela ho akaretsa likarolo tse kang polokelo e nepahetseng, lipalangoang, le karabelo ea tšohanyetso ha ho tšoloha kapa ho lutla. Ka mohlala, ba lokela ho tseba hore sodium cyanide e lokela ho bolokoa sebakeng se pholileng, se omeletseng, se nang le moea o motle, hōle le mehloli ea mocheso, malakabe le li-acids.

2.Engineering Controls

• Libaka tsa mosebetsi moo sodium cyanide e sebelisoang li lokela ho ba le taolo e thata ea boenjiniere. Sena se kenyeletsa ho fana ka moea o lekaneng oa sebakeng sa heno ho tlosa mosi leha e le ofe o ka bang kotsi kapa likhase. Mohlala, mesebetsing ea merafo ea khauta moo ho sebelisoang litharollo tsa cyanide, libaka tsa leaching li lokela ho ba le lisebelisoa tse matla tsa moea ho thibela ho bokellana ha khase ea hydrogen cyanide, e ka hlahisoang haeba cyanide e kopana le acid. Lisebelisoa tsa moea li lokela ho hlokomeloa le ho hlahlojoa khafetsa ho netefatsa hore li sebetsa hantle.

3. Thepa ea Tšireletso ea Motho (PPE)

• Basebetsi ba sebetsanang le sodium cyanide ba lokela ho apara PPE e loketseng kamehla. Sena se kenyelletsa liatlana tse thibelang lik'hemik'hale, liaparo tse sireletsang, le tšireletso ea ho hema. Libakeng tseo ho tsona ho nang le kotsi ea ho pepesehela cyanide e tsamaisoang ke moea, basebetsi ba lokela ho sebelisa li-respirator tse nang le li-filters tse loketseng. Mohlala, litsing tsa electroplating, basebetsi ba lokela ho apara lisutu tse sirelletsang 'mele tse felletseng tse entsoeng ka thepa e ke keng ea kenella ka sodium cyanide tharollo ho thibela ho ama letlalo.

Ntlafatso ea Ts'ebetso

1.Precise Chemical Reactions

• Liindastering tse kang meepo ea khauta, ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea cyanidation ho bohlokoa. Sena se kenyelletsa ho laola ka hloko motsoako oa sodium cyanide solution, pH ea tikoloho ea karabelo, le nako ea ho arabela. Ka ho lokisa liparamente tsena ka nepo, palo ea sodium cyanide e sebelisitsoeng e ka fokotsoa ha e ntse e fumana ho ntšoa ha khauta hantle. Mohlala, merafong e meng ea sejoale-joale ea khauta, lits'ebetso tse tsoetseng pele tsa ho lekola li sebelisoa ho lekanya khafetsa le ho lokisa pH ea tharollo ea cyanide leaching. Sena se tiisa hore karabelo e etsahala tlas'a maemo a molemo ka ho fetisisa, ho fokotsa tšebeliso e akaretsang ea sodium cyanide.

2.Recycling le ho Sebelisa hape

• Mekhoeng e sebelisang sodium cyanide, boiteko bo lokela ho etsoa ho tsosolosa le ho sebelisa lik'hemik'hale hape. Ka mohlala, merafong ea khauta, ka mor'a hore khauta e ntšoe, litharollo tse nang le masala a cyanide li ka phekoloa ka mekhoa e sa tšoaneng ea lik'hemik'hale le ea 'mele ho fumana cyanide. Theknoloji e kang phapanyetsano ea ion le filtration ea membrane e ka sebelisoa ho arola cyanide ho likarolo tse ling tsa tharollo, e leng ho lumellang hore e sebelisoe hape mesebetsing e latelang ea leaching. Sena ha se fokotse feela litšenyehelo tsa ho sebelisa sodium cyanide empa hape se fokotsa bongata ba litšila tse hlahisoang.

Ho Thibela Tšusumetso ea Tikoloho

Phekolo ea Mehatla le Litharollo tsa Litšila

1.Tshenyo ea Cyanide ho Tailings

• Indastering ea merafo, li-slurries tsa mehatla le litharollo tse nang le lintho tse chesitsoeng, metsi, le masala a cyanide li hloka ho hloekisoa pele li tsoa. Mekhoa e fapaneng ea lik'hemik'hale le ea 'mele e sebelisoa ho fokotsa kapa ho tlosa cyanide e setseng ts'ebetsong ea ho qhibiliha ha khauta. Mokhoa o mong o tloaelehileng ke tšebeliso ea hydrogen peroxide, e ka etsang oxidize cyanide ho lihlahisoa tse seng chefo. Maemong a mang, mekhoa ea phekolo ea likokoana-hloko e ka boela ea sebelisoa, moo likokoana-hloko tse itseng li sebelisetsoang ho senya cyanide. Ka mohlala, libaktheria tse ling li khona ho fetola cyanide le ho e fetola lintho tse seng kotsi hakaalo.

2.Tlaelo ya Taolo

• Melao ea lehae, ea naha le ea naha e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho fokotsa bongata le bongata ba cyanide e ka felloang tikolohong. Melao ena e fapana ho ea ka matla empa ka kakaretso e hloka taolo e tiileng ea ho lahloa ha cyanide - e nang le litšila. Mohlala, libakeng tse ngata, bongata bo lumelletsoeng ba cyanide bo tsoang setsing sa mesaletsa bo behiloe maemong a tlase haholo, hangata e le likarolo tse 0.2 ho isa ho tse 0.5 ho milione (ppm) kapa 0.00002% ho isa ho 0.00005% cyanide. Meepo le liindasteri tse ling tse sebelisang sodium cyanide li tlameha ho ikamahanya le melaoana ena ho thibela tšilafalo ea tikoloho.

Tlhokomelo le Boitokisetso ba Tšohanyetso

1.Tekolo ea Tikoloho

• Tlhokomelo ea kamehla le e felletseng ea tikoloho ke ea bohlokoa ho bona hore na ho na le monyetla oa ho lokolloa ha sodium cyanide tikolohong. Libakeng tseo ho tsona liindasteri tse sebelisang sodium cyanide li leng teng, ho ka hlongoa liteishene tsa ho beha leihlo ho lekanya hore na cyanide e teng moeeng, metsing le mobung. Mohlala, sebakeng sa merafo, lisampole tsa metsi a tsoang linōkeng le melapong e haufi li ka lekoa khafetsa hore na li na le cyanide. Haeba maemo a sa tloaelehang a fumanoa, ho ka nkoa mehato ea hang-hang ho tseba mohloli oa tšilafalo le ho thibela tšenyo e eketsehileng ea tikoloho.

2.Merero ea Karabelo ea Tšohanyetso

• Liindasteri tse sebelisang sodium cyanide li tlameha ho ba le meralo e ntlafalitsoeng ea karabelo ea tšohanyetso. Merero ena e lokela ho hlalosa mekhoa ea ho sebetsana le ho qhalla, ho lutla, kapa likotsi tse ling tse amang sodium cyanide. Haeba ho tšolloa, mehato e loketseng ea ho thibela e lokela ho nkoa hang-hang, joalo ka ho sebelisa lintho tse monyang metsi ho monya motsoako oa cyanide o qhalaneng. Lihlopha tse arabelang maemong a tšohanyetso li lokela ho koetlisetsoa ho sebetsana le maemo a joalo, 'me li lokela ho fumana lisebelisoa le lik'hemik'hale tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho fokotsa le ho hloekisa sodium cyanide e tšolohileng. Ka mohlala, ha ho tšolloa ho hoholo, hydrogen peroxide kapa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa neutralizing li ka sebelisoa ho arabela ka potlako ka cyanide le ho fokotsa chefo ea eona.

fihlela qeto e

Sodium cyanide ke k'hemik'hale ea bohlokoa liindastering tse fapaneng, empa chefo ea eona e phahameng e hloka ho sebetsana ka hloko le saense ho thibela kotsi tikolohong. Ka ho latela mekhoa e tiileng ea ts'ireletso, ho ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa indasteri, ho sebetsana le litšila ka katleho, le ho kenya ts'ebetsong merero e pharaletseng ea ho hlahloba le ho arabela maemo a tšohanyetso, tšebeliso ea sodium cyanide e ka etsoa e bolokehileng le tikolohong. Sena ha se netefatse feela ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng ea liindasteri tse itšetlehileng ka sodium cyanide empa hape li sireletsa tikoloho le bophelo bo botle ba sechaba.