Kutheni iSodium Cyanide isetyenziswa kuShishino lweMalaphu?

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yikhemikhali enobunzima be-molecular obuyi-49.007 g/mol, ebonakala njenge-white crystalline solid. Inobungozi kakhulu kwaye ifuna ukuphathwa ngononophelo olukhulu. Nangona inetyhefu, i-sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwishishini lempahla . Eli nqaku liza kuhlola le misebenzi ngokweenkcukacha.

Yeyiphi imisebenzi eyenziwayo Isodium cyanide ungene ukuprintwa kwempahla kunye nokudaya?

Mordant kwiiNkqubo zokudaya

Kwidayi yelaphu, i- mordant yinto esetyenziselwa ukunceda idayi inamathele kwilaphu. I-sodium cyanide ingasebenza njenge-mordant kwiinkqubo ezithile zokudaya. Yenza ii-complexes ezinee-ion zesinyithi ezikhoyo kwezinye iidayi kunye neefayibha zelaphu. Umzekelo, kwimeko yeedayi zendalo ezinee-chromophores zesinyithi (inxalenye yemolekyuli enoxanduva lombala), i-sodium cyanide inokuphucula ukubopha phakathi kwedayi kunye nefayibha. I-cyanide ion (CN⁻) inobuhlobo obuqinileyo kwii-ion zesinyithi. Ingenza ii-complexes zokudibanisa, ezithi zivale umsantsa phakathi kwedayi kunye nelaphu, nto leyo ebangela ukuba idayi ihlale ixesha elide kwaye ingabi nombala.

Ukwenziwa kweeFayibha zeTela

Phantse zonke iintsinga zokwenziwa ezisetyenziswa kushishino lwelaphu zixhomekeke kwi-sodium cyanide ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-synthesis ye-nylon, enye yezona zinto ziqhelekileyo zokwenziwa, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-adiponitrile, eyona nto ingundoqo. Indlela yokusabela ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ukwazisa amaqela e-nitrile. Kwimeko ye-polyester fibers, nangona inkqubo inzima kakhulu kwaye ihlala ibandakanya ukuphendulwa kweekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-nylon, i-sodium cyanide isenokuthi ibandakanyeke kwi-synthesis yezinye izinto zokuqala okanye kwiinkqubo ezithile ze-catalytic. Ezi fayibha zokwenziwa zisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino olulukiweyo ngenxa yeempawu ezinqwenelekayo ezifana namandla, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nemibimbi, kunye nesodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yazo.

Imveliso yedayi

I-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwedayi ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuprinta kwempahla kunye nokudaya. Isebenza njengento eluhlaza kwi-synthesis yeentlobo ezithile zedayi, ngakumbi ezo zinezakhiwo zeekhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi. Umzekelo, ekuveliseni ezinye iidayi ezisebenzayo, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukudaya iintsinga ze-cellulosic ezifana nomqhaphu, i-sodium cyanide inokubandakanyeka kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwamanyathelo amaninzi. Idayi ezisebenzayo zenza ikhonkco elidityanisiweyo kunye neemolekyuli zefayibha ngexesha lenkqubo yokudaya, zinika umbala obalaseleyo. I-cyanide - equlethe iikhompawundi zingasetyenziselwa ukwakha amaqela asebenzayo ngaphakathi kwimolekyuli yedayi ejongene nale ngqungquthela yokwakhiwa kwebhondi.

Ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo, yintoni ukhuseleko kunye nokuqwalaselwa kokusingqongileyo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwishishini le-textile?

Ukuphefumla, ukudibana kolusu, okanye ukufunxa nakwizixa ezincinci zesodium cyanide kunokuba yingozi ebantwini. Inokubangela ukuba iiseli zingakwazi ukusebenzisa i-oksijini, ekhokelela ekufeni ngokukhawuleza kweeseli kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukuba idosi eyaneleyo ifakwe, ukufa komntu ngamnye.

Ngokwembono yokusingqongileyo, ukulahlwa ngokufanelekileyo kwayo nayiphi na inkunkuma enesodium cyanide ibalulekile. Ukuba ikhutshelwe emanzini, i-sodium cyanide inokukhupha i-hydrolyze ukuze yenze igesi yehydrogen cyanide, nayo enetyhefu egqithisileyo kwaye enokuba yingozi kubomi basemanzini nakwi-ikhosistim engqongileyo. Kumazwe amaninzi, kukho imithetho nemigaqo engqongqo elawula ukugcinwa, ukuphathwa kunye nokulahlwa kwesodium cyanide kwimizi-mveliso, kuquka neendawo zokuprinta ilaphu nezokudaya. Le migaqo ijolise ekunciphiseni umngcipheko weengozi kunye nokungcoliseka kwendalo.

Ukuqukumbela, i-sodium cyanide, nangona ityhefu eyaziwayo, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekushicileleni i-textile kunye nokudaya, ukusuka ekuququzeleleni idayi - ukubopha ngelaphu njenge-mordant ibe yinxalenye ephambili ekudityanisweni kwemicu yelaphu kunye nedayi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yetyhefu egqithisileyo kunye nobungozi obunokuthi bube khona kwindalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kufuneka kubekwe esweni kwaye kulawulwe ngononophelo. Njengoko ishishini lendwangu liqhubeka nokuvela, iinzame ziyenziwa ukuphuhlisa ezinye iinkqubo kunye neekhemikhali ezinokufikelela kwiziphumo ezifanayo ngaphandle kweengozi ezinxulumene nokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide.