I-Uzbekistan: Umtsalane weSizwe esiGolide kunye namaThuba oRhwebo eSino-Uzbek

Imi kumbindi weAsia, iUzbekistan ikhazimla okwelitye elinqabileyo elikhazimlayo, ikhazimla umtsalane wayo okhethekileyo. Lo mhlaba wamandulo, uthwele ubunzima bamawakawaka eminyaka yendaleko yembali, uneentsingiselo ezinzulu zenkcubeko kunye nobutyebi bendalo obumangalisayo. Ngokukodwa, ininzi yayo Oovimba beGolide baye bafumana iwonga elidumileyo "lweSizwe seGolden."

Ukukroba kwiMbali eTyebileyo yaseUzbekistan

Imbali ye-Uzbekistan isusela emva kwangoko ngo-2000 BC. Ebudeni bexesha elide, iye yabona ngokulandelelana ukuvela nokuwa koBukhosi bamaPersi, uBukumkani buka-Aleksandire oMkhulu bamaGrike, uBukhosi baseKushan, kunye noBukhosi baseTimurid. Iintlobo ngeentlobo zempucuko ziye zangqubana zadityaniswa apha, zishiya ngasemva intaphane yeendawo zembali ezixabisekileyo kunye nelifa lenkcubeko. Kwaba yinkulungwane ye-15 xa uhlanga lwaseUzbek lwaseka eyalo ikhanate awathi ngokuthe ngcembe lo mhlaba wafumana ubuzwe obahlukileyo nobuhlanga. Ngowe-1924. IUzbekistan yaba yinxalenye yeSoviet Union, yaye ngowe-1991. ukubhengezwa kwayo inkululeko kwaba sisiqalo sesahluko esitsha kuphuhliso lwayo lwesizwe.

Impembelelo Enzulu Yonqulo

Ngokweenkolelo zonqulo, ubuSilamsi buxhaphakile e-Uzbekistan, malunga ne-90% yabemi babambelele kubuSilamsi beSunni. Unqulo, njengeqhina elingabonakaliyo, lwendele ngokunzulu kubomi bemihla ngemihla babantu, lunempembelelo efikelela kude kwimilinganiselo yabo yokuziphatha, kwimibhiyozo yemibhiyozo nokunye. Ukusukela kwi-Eid al-Fitr edlamkileyo ukuya kwi-Eid al-Adha, umnyhadala ngamnye ugxininiswe kwiingcamango zenkolo nezenkcubeko, usebenza njengomzuzu obalulekileyo wokuba abantu badlulise iinkolelo zabo kwaye bomeleze umanyano lwabo lwesizwe.

IMarvels kwezoLwakhiwo: Ubuncwane beLifa leMveli leNkcubeko yaseUzbekistan

Ubugcisa kunye noyilo lweUzbekistan zizinto ezixabisekileyo zokwenyani zelifa lenkcubeko. IRegistan Square eSamarkand, enye yezona ndawo zintle kakhulu zokwakha kuMbindi weAsia, ibonisa ubungangamsha bobukhosi obudlulileyo kunye nobungakanani bayo obumangalisayo kunye nobugcisa obugqwesileyo. I-Bibi-Khanum Mosque, enedome yayo ephakamileyo kunye neethayile eziluhlaza ezihonjiswe ngokugqwesileyo, ibonisa umtsalane okhethekileyo woyilo lwamaSilamsi. I-Gur-e-Amir Mausoleum, ehloniphekileyo kwaye ehloniphekileyo, igcina iintsalela zikaTimur kunye namalungu entsapho yakhe. Isitayile soyilo, umdibaniso ohambelanayo wezinto ezininzi, ume njengommeli obalaseleyo wobugcisa bokwakha baseUzbekistan. Ezi zakhiwo azingobungqina bembali kuphela kodwa kunye nokubonakaliswa kobugcisa kunye nenkcubeko, ukutsala abakhenkethi abavela kwihlabathi lonke ukuba bamangaliswe ubuhle babo.

Ubutyebi bendalo obuNinzi: I-Golden Advantage

Ngaphandle kwelifa lenkcubeko elityebileyo, i-Uzbekistan isikelelwe ngobutyebi bendalo obunomona, ngakumbi ubutyebi bayo begolide. Ikwinqanaba leshumi kwihlabathi ngokwemiqathango yogcino lwegolide, ilizwe libonakalise uvimba ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6.400 yeetoni, ezisasazwa ikakhulu kwimimandla efana nePhondo laseTashkent kunye nePhondo laseNavoi. Umgodi weGolide waseMuruntau, okwiNtlango yaseKyzylkum, ngowona mgodi mkhulu wegolide ovulekileyo ehlabathini, nonogcino oluqinisekisiweyo olungaphaya kwe-4.500 yeetoni. Ngo-2021. imveliso yayo yegolide yafikelela malunga neetoni ezingama-62.2, ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala kwihlabathi. Imveliso yegolide yonyaka yase-Uzbekistan ihleli malunga neetoni ezili-100, ithatha malunga ne-3% yetotali yehlabathi, oko kuyibeka phakathi kwamazwe alishumi aphezulu avelisa igolide kwihlabathi.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iShishini leGolide lase-Uzbekistan lidlale indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2024, eli lizwe lithembele kwiidiphozithi zalo ezityebileyo kunye namaqhinga okurhweba aphilileyo, liye lavela njengomthengisi wegolide ophambili kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuze liphucule ngakumbi iindawo zalo zokugcina igolide, urhulumente wase-Uzbek uceba ukutyala imali eyi-$230 yezigidi ukusuka ngo-2020 ukuya ku-2024 ekufuneni, ekuvavanyeni, nasekuhloleni imigodi yegolide, ngenjongo yokwandisa iindawo zalo zokugcina igolide ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-474. Eli phulo libonisa ngokupheleleyo ingqalelo ephezulu yelizwe kunye notyalo-mali olukhulu kwishishini legolide.

Indawo eCwangcisiweyo kunye neNdawo yoTyalo-mali olukhulu

I-Uzbekistan ibekwe ngokucwangcisiweyo kumbindi we-Eurasia, kumda wamazwe amaninzi. Le ndawo inenzuzo yendawo ayenzeli nje indawo ebalulekileyo yezothutho edibanisa iMpuma neNtshona kodwa ikwanika nezimbiwa ezityebileyo, eziquka kungekuphela nje igolide kodwa neoli negesi yendalo. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, iqondo lophuhliso nokusetyenziswa kwezimbiwa zase-Uzbekistan lisezantsi kakhulu, nto leyo ebonisa amandla amakhulu otyalo-mali lwemigodi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amazwe akuMbindi we-Asiya azise ngokulandelelana imigaqo-nkqubo yokutsala utyalo-mali lwangaphandle, ngokuqhubekayo enyusa iinzame zawo zokutsala utyalo-mali ekuhloleni nasekuphuhliseni ubutyebi bezimbiwa kunye nokulungiswa kweemveliso zezimbiwa. Ngelo xesha, i-Asia Ephakathi kunye ne-China inesiseko esiluqilima sentsebenziswano ye-geopolitical kunye nezoqoqosho. Ukuqhubela phambili kweeprojekthi zoqhagamshelwano ezifana ne-China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway kunye ne-China yesithathu - i-Kazakhstan Railway, kunye nophuhliso olupheleleyo lwezowuni zorhwebo zasimahla kunye neepaki zemizi-mveliso yezimayini ecaleni komgca, ziya kubonelela ngesiqinisekiso esiluqilima sozinzo lwekhonkco loshishino lwemigodi kunye nekhonkco lokubonelela.

ISino esithembisayo-iNtsebenziswano yoRhwebo yaseUzbek

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, intsebenziswano yorhwebo phakathi kweTshayina neUzbekistan inesithembiso esikhulu. I-Union Chemical, umthengisi weekhemikhali zokukhupha igolide ezifana neSodium cyanide kunye neMining Chemicals , ihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo neenzuzo zemithombo yezimbiwa ezityebileyo zaseUzbekistan. Kwelinye icala, i-Union Chemical inokubonelela ngenkxaso yobungcali yeekhemikhali kwimigodi yegolide yaseUzbekistan kunye nophuhliso lwemboni yemigodi, inceda ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kophuhliso lwemithombo yezimbiwa. Kwelinye icala, imithombo yezimbiwa yaseUzbekistan inikezela ngendawo enkulu yemarike ye-Union Chemical, ivumela omabini amacala ukuba afumane inzuzo efanayo kwaye aphumelele ngentsebenziswano.

I-Uzbekistan, eli lizwe ligolide linomtsalane, litsala umdla wehlabathi ngelifa lenkcubeko elikhethekileyo kunye nesakhono sorhwebo esikhulu. Iqhutywa yi-Belt and Road Initiative, intsebenziswano phakathi kwe-China kunye ne-Uzbekistan kurhwebo, utyalo-mali, kunye namanye amasimi ibophelelekile ukuba iqhubeke nzulu, ngokudibeneyo ibhala isahluko esizuke ngakumbi. Sinesizathu sokukholelwa ukuba kwixa elizayo, intsebenziswano phakathi kweTshayina neUzbekistan kushishino lwegolide namanye amacandelo iya kuvelisa iziqhamo ezingakumbi, nto leyo eya kuzisa iingenelo ezingakumbi kubantu bala mazwe omabini.