Ukusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo nokuchanekileyo kweSodium Cyanide ukuThintela iiNgozi

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yikhemikhali esetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo, ngakumbi kwicandelo lezemigodi ekutsalweni kwegolide. Nangona idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwezi nkqubo zoshishino, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-sodium cyanide yinto enobuthi kakhulu. Ukuphathwa gwenxa okanye amanyathelo okhuseleko angafanelekanga kunokukhokelela kwiingozi ezinkulu, okusongela ubomi babantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Eli nqaku lijolise ekuboneleleni ngesikhokelo esipheleleyo malunga nokusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuchanekileyo kwe- Sodium Cyanide ukuthintela iingozi ezinjalo.

Ukuqonda iSodium Cyanide

Isodium cyanide yinto emhlophe, enyibilikayo emanzini eneempawu zesiseko esomeleleyo esiphakathi. Inetyhefu kakhulu kwaye inokubangela ukwenzakala okubulalayo ebantwini. Xa idibana neeasidi okanye namanzi athile, inokukhulula igesi eyityhefu kakhulu nenokutsha yehydrogen cyanide (HCN). Oku kusabela kwenza kube yingozi ngakumbi, njengoko igesi yeHCN inokuphefumlelwa ngokulula, okukhokelela kwityhefu ekhawulezileyo.

Imilinganiselo yoKhuseleko ekuPhatheni iSodium Cyanide

Ukuqhagamshelana nolusu

I-sodium cyanide inetyhefu eluswini kwaye inokubangela iziphumo ezibukhali nezingapheliyo. Iimpawu zokuvezwa kwesikhumba zinokubandakanya ukurhawuzelelwa, ukurhawuzelelwa, ukurhawuzelelwa, kunye ne-dermatitis. Kwinqanaba lokuqala letyhefu, i-cyanosis (ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwesikhumba) kunokubonakala. Ukuze uphephe ukudibana nolusu, kubalulekile ukunamathela ngokungqongqo kumanyathelo okhuseleko. Nxiba iimpahla ezingangenwa manzi ezifana neejakethi, iiglavu zezandla ezingangeni khemikhali, kunye nezihlangu zokhuseleko xa uphatha i-Sodium cyanide . Oku kuya kuthintela ikhemikhali ukuba ingadibani ngqo naliphi na ilungu lomzimba wakho. Emva kokusebenzisa, susa zonke iimpahla ngoko nangoko kwaye uhlambe izandla zakho nomzimba wakho kakuhle ngamanzi acocekileyo.

Uqhagamshelo lamehlo

Amehlo nawo asengozini kakhulu kwityhefu yesodium cyanide. Ukubonakaliswa kunokubangela ukuba abafundi bavuleke, i-conjunctivitis, i-corneal edema, kunye ne-keratitis. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kunokukhokelela kumonakalo kwi-nerve ye-optic kunye nobumfama bexeshana. Ukukhusela amehlo akho, soloko unxibe izibuko zokukhusela ezifanelekileyo. Ezi glasi kufuneka ziyilelwe ukuthintela nakuphi na ukutshiza okanye amasuntswana esodium cyanide ukuba angafikeleli emehlweni, nokuba kuthe kwachitheka ngempazamo. Ukongeza, kuphephe ukubamba amehlo akho ngelixa uphethe imichiza.

Ukungenisa

Ukusela i-sodium cyanide kuyingozi kakhulu kwaye kunokubulala. Iziphumo ezibukhali zokungeniswa zibandakanya umonakalo kwindlela yesisu, isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, kunye neentlungu zesisu. Ngobuninzi, kunokukhokelela ekufeni ngokukhawuleza. Ukuthintela ukungenwa ngengozi, sebenzisa into yokuvala umlomo, njengesixhobo sokuphefumla esinesihluzo esifanelekileyo, xa uphethe imichiza. Ungaze utye, usele, okanye utshaye kwindawo apho kusetyenziswa okanye kugcinwa khona i-sodium cyanide. Kwakhona, kuphephe ukubamba umlomo okanye imilebe yakho ngelixa usebenza nale nto inetyhefu.

IiNgozi zokusiNgqongileyo kunye noLungelo

I-sodium cyanide iyingozi kwindalo kunye nakwizinto eziphilayo. Akufuneki ukuba ikhutshwe kwindawo engqongileyo ngokungakhathali okanye ngokulahlwa ngendlela engafanelekanga. Inkungu yomchiza kunye nomphunga unokuba yingozi kumngxuma weempumlo kwaye unokunqanda ukukhula kwesityalo. Xa ikhutshelwa emanzini, inokuba neziphumo ezibukhali nezingapheliyo kubomi basemanzini. Nangona isodium cyanide ngokwayo ingatshi, xa ishushu ixesha elide, inokukhupha igesi eyityhefu yehydrogen cyanide. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuphepha ukuyichanaba emlilweni. Xa kuziwa ekulahlweni, soloko unxibelelana nogunyaziwe wendawo yokulahla inkunkuma okanye iarhente evunyiweyo yokulahlwa kwemichiza eyityhefu. Musa ukuyigungxula phantsi komsele okanye uyilahle ngendlela engalawulekiyo.

Ukugcinwa kunye nokuPakisha

Iingcebiso zokuGcina

Isodium cyanide kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo, nengena umoya. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, sebenzisa umoya wokukhupha umoya wendawo ukuze unciphise ngakumbi umngcipheko wokuqokelelana kwerhasi. Khangela indawo yokugcina naziphi na iingozi ezinokubakho zomlilo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba zisusiwe okanye zigcinwe ngokufanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukugcina i-sodium cyanide kude nezinto ezinjengeeasidi, iityuwa, okanye amanzi, njengoko ukudibana nayo nayiphi na kwezi kunokukhulula igesi eyityhefu yehydrogen cyanide. Jonga rhoqo indawo yokugcina kunye nezikhongozeli ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho zimpawu zokuvuza okanye zokonakala.

Iingcebiso zokuPakisha

Ukupakishwa kwe-sodium cyanide kubaluleke kakhulu. Kufuneka ipakishwe kwisikhongozeli esikhuseleke kakhulu esinesiciko esivalwe ngokuqinileyo ukuthintela ukuphuma komphunga okanye inkungu emoyeni. Kuphephe ukuyipakisha ngezinto ezingahambelaniyo ezifana nobhedu, i-zinc, i-magnesium, i-tin, okanye i-alloys yazo, njengoko ezi zinokusabela nge-sodium cyanide kwaye zibangele iimeko ezinobungozi. Kwakhona, musa ukusebenzisa isitya ebesisoloko sisetyenziselwa ukugcina iiasidi, iityuwa, okanye amanzi, njengoko izinto ezishiyekileyo ezikwisikhongozeli zinokusabela kakubi ngesodium cyanide.

uthutho

Ngexesha lokuhamba, i-sodium cyanide kufuneka iphathwe ngononophelo olukhulu. Isithuthi sothutho kufuneka siyilwe ukuthintela nakuphi na ukuvuza okanye umonakalo kwizikhongozeli. Izikhongozeli ngokwazo kufuneka zibe nomgangatho ophezulu, kunye namandla okwaneleyo kunye ne-密封性. Kufuneka kwakhona zibhalwe ngokucacileyo ngokuthi "剧毒" (ityhefu kakhulu) ngesiTshayina, kunye nefomula yekhemikhali (NaCN), iipropati zayo ezinobungozi, kunye nolwazi loqhagamshelwano oluphuthumayo. Indlela yothutho kufuneka icwangciswe ngononophelo ukuphepha iindawo ezinabantu abaninzi kunye neendawo ezinemithombo yokutshisa okanye amanzi. Abaqhubi kunye nabaphathi ababandakanyekayo ekuthuthweni kwe-sodium cyanide kufuneka baqeqeshwe kwiinkqubo zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza xa kukho ukuchithwa okanye ingozi.

Ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza

Kwimeko yokuchitheka kwe-sodium cyanide okanye ingozi, kubalulekile ukuba nesicwangciso sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza esilungiselelwe kakuhle. Okokuqala nokuphambili, khupha bonke abasebenzi abangabalulekanga kwindawo ngokukhawuleza. Abaphenduli bexesha likaxakeka kufuneka banxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela, kubandakanywa iisuti zekhemikhali ezigcwele umzimba, iziphefumlo ezinezihluzo eziphezulu, iiglavu zokukhusela kunye neebhutsi. Ukuchitheka okuncinci, tshayela ngononophelo i-sodium cyanide echithekileyo usebenzisa izixhobo ezingatshisiyo kwaye uyibeke kwisingxobo esifanelekileyo, esibhalwe phantsi ukuze ulahlwe ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuchitheka okukhulu okanye kwimeko yokukhutshwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide, sebenzisa ii-agent ezifanelekileyo zokungathathi hlangothi ezifana ne-hydrogen peroxide okanye i-sodium thiosulfate ukunyanga indawo echaphazelekayo. Ngalo lonke ixesha ulandela izikhokelo zendawo yokusabela kwimeko yonxunguphalo kwaye wazise abasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo, njengesebe lomlilo, i-arhente yokukhusela indalo, kunye neziko lokulawula ityhefu.

Uqeqesho neMfundo

Bonke abasebenzi abaphatha i-sodium cyanide, nokuba kumveliso, ukugcinwa, ukuthutha, okanye ukusetyenziswa, kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho olubanzi. Olu qeqesho lufanele lufake iimpawu ze-sodium cyanide, iinkqubo zokhuseleko zokuphatha, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuthutha, iiprothokholi zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokubaluleka kokulandela iimfuno zokulawula. Uqeqesho lokuhlaziya rhoqo kufuneka kwakhona lubonelelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaqeshwa bahlala behlaziyiwe ngezenzo zokhuseleko zamva nje. Ukongeza, abasebenzi kufuneka bafundiswe ngeempawu zetyhefu ye-cyanide ukuze babe nokuqaphela kwaye baphendule ngokukhawuleza xa bevezwe.

Ekugqibeleni, ukusetyenziswa okukhuselekileyo nokuchanekileyo kwe-sodium cyanide kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela iingozi kunye nokukhusela impilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngokulandela amanyathelo okhuseleko achazwe kweli nqaku, ukusuka ekuphatheni ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwisicwangciso sokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, sinokunciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nale khemikhali enetyhefu kakhulu. Kuluxanduva lomntu ngamnye kunye nombutho obandakanyekayo ekuphatheni i-sodium cyanide ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko luhlala luhamba phambili.