Imingcipheko yeSodium Cyanide: Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi

Ngo-Agasti 12. 2015. uqhushumbo lwenzeka kwi-a iikhemikhali eziyingozi Indawo yokugcina impahla yeRuihai International Logistics Company kwiBinhai New Area yaseTianjin, eTshayina. Ugqabhuko-dubulo lubhalise ubukhulu obumalunga ne-2.9 kuMlinganiselo we-Earthquake Manitude ekufutshane (eqhele ukubizwa ngokuba yi-ML), elingana neetoni ezingama-21 ze-TNT. Ngokwezibalo, oku kuqhuma kubangele umonakalo ubuncinane kwi-10.000 izithuthi kufuphi ne-epicenter, kwaye njenge-3 PM ngo-Agasti 25. 2015. kuye kwaphumela kwi-135 eqinisekisiwe yokufa, bonke abo bachongiwe. Njengoko abasebenzi abafanelekileyo beqhube ugqogqo olucokisekileyo kwindawo yengozi, kwafunyaniswa ukuba kukho iitoni ezingama-700 Isodium cyanide (NaCN) kwindawo engundoqo yoqhushumbo, ephindwe ngama-70 kumda wokugcinwa ovunyelwe ngokusemthethweni kwimichiza eyingozi enjalo! Ukuvela ngequbuliso komyinge omkhulu kangaka wale khemikhali iyingozi ngoko nangoko kwabangela inkxalabo phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo. Yintoni i Isodium cyanide? Yintoni i sodium cyanide isetyenziselwe? Abasebenzi abafanelekileyo kufuneka baphathe njani ungcoliseko olubangelwa yi-sodium i-cyanide ugqabhuko-dubulo? Yonke le yimibuzo enomdla omkhulu kuluntu.

Yintoni i-sodium cyanide?

I-cyanides yaziwa njengenye yezona zinto zinetyhefu, kwaye uninzi lwe-rodenticides enamandla luqulathe iicyanides. Ixesha elide, IiCyanides lubonwa luluntu "njengenkosi yeetyhefu," ekwaziyo ukubangela ukufa xa ityiwe. Umntu ovezwe kwi-dose enkulu ye-cyanide unokulahlekelwa ingqondo kunye namava okubanjwa kwentliziyo ngaphakathi kwe-2-3 imizuzu, ekhokelela ekufeni ngokukhawuleza. I-Cyanides idume ngokukhawuleza kunye nemiphumo ebulalayo. Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi II, umkhosi waseJamani u-Erwin Rommel, owaziwa ngokuba yi "Desert Fox" kunye ne "Eagle of the Empire," wathatha i-cyanide (i-potassium cyanide) ukuphelisa ubomi bakhe.

I-sodium cyanide (NaCN) luhlobo lwecyanide, ebonakala njengeegranules ezimhlophe zekristale okanye umgubo onevumba le-almond elikrakra. Njengazo zonke iicyanides, i-sodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu; ukudibana namanxeba esikhumba, ukuphefumla, okanye ukufunxa nokuba yintwana encinci (5% yetispuni) kunokukhokelela kwityhefu ebulalayo yecyanide. Isodium cyanide inokubola kubukho bamanzi phantsi kweemeko ze-aerobic, ivelise iigesi eziyityhefu ezifana nehydrogen cyanide (HCN) kunye necarbon monoxide. Inokunyibilikisa iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo njengegolide nesilivere phambi kweoksijini, yenze imichiza eyingozi kakhulu. Ukongeza, i-sodium cyanide inokusabela ngobundlobongela kunye ne-nitrate kunye ne-nitrites, enokubangela ukuqhuma. Ngaphandle kwetyhefu eyoyikisayo, iipropathi ezizodwa ze-sodium cyanide ziyenza ibe yimathiriyeli esisiseko esisiseko yeekhemikhali kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya oomatshini, i-electroplating, isinyithi, kunye namayeza.

Yintoni ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide?

Ngokutsho kwabavelisi bale bhetshi ye-sodium cyanide, iitoni ezingama-700 ezifunyenwe kwindawo ephambili yoqhushumbo zonke zenzelwe ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, umntu akanakuzinceda kodwa uyazibuza: i-sodium cyanide iyingozi kakhulu, ngoko kutheni kukho imfuno ephezulu kangaka? Isetyenziselwa ntoni i-sodium cyanide? Ngapha koko, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso yehlabathi, kwaye usetyenziso oluphambili lusemigodini yegolide. Xa kufikelelwa kumba wokumbiwa kwegolide, abantu basenokuyinxulumanisa nokutsalwa kwegolide ngenkulungwane ye-19 ebudeni beNguquko YezoShishino, kodwa ukumbiwa kwegolide kwale mihla kuye kwatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo ukususela kwixesha elidlulileyo.

Abanye banokucinga ngokwemvelo ukuba umgodi wegolide kufuneka uzaliswe ngegolide, kodwa inyaniso yahlukile: ngokomlinganiselo, kukho malunga neegram ezi-4 kuphela zegolide kwitoni yegolide ekrwada. Akukho mgodi wegolide ehlabathini apho igolide esulungekileyo (iindonga zegolide) inokukhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo; oko kusembiwa luthuli lwegolide oluqingqwe eliweni. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuyicokisa. Ukuqhutywa yimfuno emandla yemarike kunye nenzuzo ehendayo, abasebenzi basezimayini abayi kuwahoya ngokulula amatye anomxholo wegolide ophantsi njenge-0.005%. Ukufezekisa izinga eliphezulu lokubuyisela (ukukhupha igolide engaphezulu) kula ma-ores, iteknoloji yokucoca yanamhlanje idlala indima ebalulekileyo, enika indawo ebalulekileyo yokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo yokusulungekiswa kwegolide ibandakanya amanyathelo amane: ukomba imigodi, ukuthungwa kwentsimbi ekrwada, ukunyibilikiswa nokusulungekiswa. Imfihlelo yokutsala igolide ikumanqanaba okunyibilikiswa nokusulungekiswa. Emva kwemigodi kunye nokugqoka i-ore, i-ore yegolide igalelwe kwi-slurry, kwaye inani elithile leekhemikhali ze-reagents zongezwa kwi-slurry. I-reagents yeekhemikhali emva koko isabela ngokukhawuleza kunye ne-slurry, ibangela ukuba i-ion zegolide zinamathele kumphezulu we-bubbles kwi-slurry, okubangelwa oko kwaziwa ngokuba "ludaka lwegolide." Emva koko, inxalenye ethile yesisombululo se-sodium cyanide yongezwa eludakeni lwegolide, kwaye emva kokunyibilika kobushushu obuphezulu, igolide iyahlukaniswa ngomlingo kwezinye izinto ezingcolileyo, ibe yigolide etyhidiweyo. Igolide etyhidiweyo iyeke iphole ngokwemvelo, kwaye inokuphoswa kwizitena zegolide, imivalo, okanye iingots, igqibezela yonke inkqubo yokusulungekisa igolide. Ngaloo ndlela, kuyacaca ukuba i<em>sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo nezintsonkothileyo zokusulungekiswa kwegolide, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ishishini lemichiza liwusebenzise kakhulu lo mchiza uyingozi.

Inkcazo yomfanekiso: Umsi omnyama oshinyeneyo ophuma ngexesha leNkampani yeTianjin Ruihai Logistics eyingozi yokudubula kweekhemikhali ngo-Agasti 12 igubungela isibhakabhaka sonke.

Indlela yokuphendula kunye nokuphatha ukungcoliswa kwe-sodium cyanide?

Okwangoku, abasebenzi abachaphazelekayo baye bajongana nekhulu leetoni ze-sodium cyanide kwindawo yengozi: baye batshabalalisa iindawo eziveziweyo kwaye batshiza i-hydrogen peroxide ukuze banciphise; kwiindawo ezinkulu zokuchitheka, baye bakha udonga olungaphezu kwemitha enye ukuphakama ngomhlaba okanye isanti ukuze luyithintele; imigqomo engaguqukiyo ibuyiselwe ngokukhawuleza kwiinkampani ezifanelekileyo ukuze ziphathwe ngendlela eyiyo.

Kwakukho amarhe okuba iigesi eziguqukayo eziveliswe kukudubula kwezixa ezikhulu zesodium cyanide kwindawo yengozi ziya kuba yityhefu kakhulu xa udibana namanzi, nto leyo ekhokelele kuloyiko olukhulu phakathi kwabemi ababongozwa ukuba bakuphephe ukubanjiswa yimvula. Kuyinyani ukuba i-sodium cyanide inokuvelisa irhasi eyityhefu kakhulu eyihydrogen cyanide xa idibana neasidi, kodwa le gesi ilula kakhulu kwaye iya kunyibilika ngokukhawuleza emoyeni. Ngoko ke, nangona imvula inetha, akukho mfuneko yokoyika ngokugqithiseleyo, njengoko ukuxinwa kwe-hydrogen cyanide kumanzi emvula kuya kuba sele kuncitshiswe kakhulu ngokuhlanjululwa emoyeni, okwenza ukuba kungenakwenzeka ukwenza ingozi kumzimba womntu. Unjineli oyintloko we-Bureau yoKhuseleko lweNdalo yase-Tianjin e-China uye wachaza ukuba yonke idatha yokubeka iliso emoyeni, amanzi, kunye nomhlaba kwindawo ejikelezileyo yengozi ngoku ihlangabezana nemigangatho, kwaye yonke idatha ichanekile kwaye inokwethenjelwa. Ubongoze abemi ukuba babuyele kwimisebenzi yabo yesiqhelo kunye nobomi ngokukhawuleza. Abasebenzi abafanelekileyo bacebise ukuba, njengendlela yokukhusela, abahlali basekuhlaleni kufuneka bakuphephe ukusela kwimithombo yamanzi angcolileyo kwaye bahlale kude nendawo ye-sodium cyanide biotreatment de iigesi ezinetyhefu zihlanjululwe ngokwaneleyo emoyeni ukuze zifike kwinqanaba elikhuselekileyo ngaphambi kokungena.