Zeziphi iindlela ezisebenzayo zonyango lwetyhefu yecyanide?

I-sodium cyanide yikhompawundi enetyhefu kakhulu ebeka umngcipheko omkhulu kwimpilo xa ichaphazeleka. Ingangena emzimbeni ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukuphefumla, ukunxibelelana nolusu, okanye ukuginya. Ukuqonda uhlobo lwetyhefu ye-cyanide kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuze kulawulwe kwaye kubuyiselwe impilo ngempumelelo. Eli nqaku lijolise ekuboneleleni ngenkcazo eneenkcukacha ngetyhefu ye-Sodium cyanide , iimpawu zayo, kunye neendlela zonyango ezicetyiswayo.

Yintoni i Isodium cyanide?

I-sodium cyanide yityuwa emhlophe, enyibilikayo emanzini esetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo zoshishino ezifana nokombiwa kwegolide kunye nokufakelwa kwe-electroplating. Ikwasetyenziswa nakwiinkqubo ezithile zokwenza iikhemikhali. Ngenxa yobuthi bayo, i-sodium cyanide ihlelwa njengezinto ezinobungozi kwaye ukuvezwa kwayo kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi empilweni, kubandakanya nokufa.

Ityhefu Mechanism

I-Cyanide isebenza ngokuthintela amandla omzimba okusebenzisa ioksijini. Ibophelela kwi-cytochrome c oxidase, i-enzyme ebalulekileyo kwikhonkco lokuthutha i-electron mitochondrial, ikhusela iiseli ekusebenziseni ioksijini ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kubangela i-hypoxia yeselula, ethi, ukuba ayiphathwa ngokukhawuleza, inokukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwelungu ngokukhawuleza kunye nokufa.

Iimpawu zo Isodium cyanide utyhefu

Iimpawu zetyhefu ye-sodium cyanide zinokuvela ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziquka:

• Uxinzelelo lokuphefumla: ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuphefumla kancinci, okanye ukuyeka ukuphefumla.

• Iimpawu ze-neurological: Intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, ukudideka, ukuxhuzula, okanye ukuphelelwa zingqondo.

• Iziphumo zentliziyo: Isantya sentliziyo esikhawulezayo, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, okanye ukuminxeka kwentliziyo.

• Iimpawu zesisu: isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, okanye iintlungu zesisu.

• UKUCAPHUKEKA KOLUSU NAMAHLO: Ukuba bomvu, ukutsha okanye ukutsha kweekhemikhali xa kuthe kwadibana.

Ukuphendula ngokukhawuleza kwiCyanide Poisoning

Ukuba kukrokrelwa ityhefu ye-sodium cyanide, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo akhawulezileyo. Nanga amanyathelo ekufuneka uwalandele:

1. Susa izigulana kwindawo ezichaphazelekileyo: Zikhuphe ngokukhawuleza izigulana kwindawo engcolileyo ukuze uthintele ukuba zingachaphazeleki ngakumbi.

2. UKUHLANZA: Ukuba isigulana sidibene ne-sodium cyanide ngesikhumba okanye emehlweni, susa zonke iimpahla ezingcolisiweyo uze uhlambe indawo echaphazelekayo ngamanzi amaninzi okanye ityuwa ubuncinane imizuzu emi-5. Qinisekisa ukuba ukhusela amehlo akho ngeli xesha.

3. Ukuhlamba isisu: Ukuba kutyiwe i-sodium cyanide, kufuneka kuhlanjwe isisu ngesisombululo se-oxidant (esifana ne-5% ye-sodium thiosulfate okanye i-0.02% ye-potassium permanganate). Ukuhlamba isisu kufuneka kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza ukuze kuncitshiswe ukufunxwa.

4. Ukhathalelo oluxhasayo: Ukuba isigulane sibonisa ukuphefumla okungenanzulu okanye ukuyeka, nika izixhobo zokuphefumla okanye ukuphefumla okwenziweyo ngoko nangoko.

Unyango lweziyobisi lwetyhefu ye-cyanide

Emva kokuba isigulane sizinzile, amayeza athile angasetyenziselwa ukuchasana nemiphumo ye-cyanide:

1. I-Amyl nitrite: Cwilisa ikhaphu ye-amyl nitrite kwilephu uze uvumele isigulane siphefumle umphunga. Le yindlela yokuthintela ngokukhawuleza eguqula i-hemoglobin ibe yi-methemoglobin, ebopha kwi-cyanide kwaye inciphise ubuthi bayo.

2. I-Sodium nitrite: I-Sodium nitrite inyibilika kwisisombululo seglucose, idosi yi-6-12 mg/kg, inaliti ye-intravenous. Inaliti mayicothe, kungabi ngaphantsi kwemizuzu eli-10. Jonga uxinzelelo lwegazi lomguli ngokusondeleyo, kuba i-sodium nitrite inokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi. Ukuba uxinzelelo lwegazi luyehla kakhulu, amayeza kufuneka ayekiswe.

3. I-Sodium Thiosulfate: Emva kokufakwa kwe-Sodium nitrite , i-50% ye-sodium thiosulfate ifakwa ngesantya esifanayo. Le khompawundi isebenza njengomnikeli wesulfure, inceda ukuguqulwa kwe-cyanide ibe yi-thiocyanate, engenabungozi kangako kwaye inokukhutshwa ngezintso. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, isiqingatha okanye idosi epheleleyo inokuphindwa emva kweyure enye.

4. Ukuqwalaselwa: Kwizigulane ezinetyhefu encinci, i-sodium thiosulfate yodwa inokwanela. Emva konyango lokuqala, isigulana kufuneka sijongwe iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpawu aziphindi zibuye.

Amanqaku abalulekileyo

• Umngcipheko Wokusebenzisa Idosi Egqithisileyo: Zombini i-sodium nitrite kunye ne-sodium thiosulfate zinokubangela ubuthi ukuba zithathwa ngeedosi ezigqithisileyo. Ukuthatha idosi nokubeka esweni ngononophelo kubalulekile ukuthintela iziphumo ezingalunganga.

• Ukuhlolwa kwexesha elide: Emva kokuba inqanaba elikhawulezileyo lokutyhefa lilawulwa, isigulane kufuneka sijongwe ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu okanye iingxaki ezibambezelekileyo. Oku kuquka ukujonga iingxaki zemithambo-luvo okanye iingxaki zokuphefumla.

• Ukulungela iNgxakeko: Izibonelelo zonyango kufuneka zibe neendlela zokujongana netyhefu ye-cyanide, kubandakanya ukufumaneka kwamayeza okunyanga kunye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo ukujongana neemeko ezingxamisekileyo ezinjalo.

ukuququmbela

Ityhefu ye-sodium cyanide yimeko engxamisekileyo yonyango efuna ukuqatshelwa kunye nonyango ngokukhawuleza. Ukwazi iimpawu kunye neempendulo ezifanelekileyo kunokuphucula kakhulu iziphumo zonyango kwabo bachaphazelekayo. Ngokulandela iiprothokholi zonyango ezisekiweyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukutshatyalaliswa okufanelekileyo, ababoneleli bezempilo banokulawula ngokufanelekileyo ubuthi be-cyanide kunye nokunciphisa iziphumo ezinokuthi zibulale. Ngalo lonke ixesha khumbula ukuba kwiimeko apho ukrokrelwa ukuba utyhefekile, ukhathalelo lwezonyango olukhawulezileyo lubalulekile.