Ukuqonda iGold Ore Processing CIL, CIP: Ukusetyenziswa kweSodium Cyanide

Ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, inkqubo ye-cyanidation ayiweli phantsi kodidi lokulungiswa kwezimbiwa kodwa kufuneka ihlelwe njenge-hydrometallurgy. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanidation ukukhupha igolide yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo kwihlabathi. Iprin yayoCIPle ixhomekeke kubunzima be i-cyanide ion ngegolide yasimahla ukwenza icyanide yegolide, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa ukunyibilika kwegolide. Siyazi ukuba igolide kwindalo ikhona kwindawo ekhululekileyo; nokuba igqunywe ngaphakathi kwezinye izimbiwa, ihlala igolide esisiseko xa sele ityhiliwe. Ngoko ke, sinokuthi ukusebenza (izinga lokubuyisela) inkqubo ye-cyanidation ekukhupheni igolide, kwinqanaba elithile, kuxhomekeke kwikhono lokukhulula igolide efihliweyo.

I-CIL (i-Carbon in Leach) inkqubo yokuvuza, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-carbon leaching yokutsalwa kwegolide, yinkqubo ebandakanya ukongeza ikhabhoni ecushiweyo kwipulp kwaye ngaxeshanye iqhube i-leaching kunye ne-adsorption yegolide. Oku kwenza lula amanyathelo amabini e-cyanide leaching ye-pulp kunye ne-activated carbon adsorption efumaneka kwinkqubo ye-CIP (iCarbon In Pulp) ibe yinyathelo elinye, ukunciphisa ilahleko ngelixa unciphisa iindleko zokulawula. Xa kuthelekiswa nenkqubo yeCCD yemveli, igcina i-66% yeendleko zotyalo-mali, iyenza ibe yinkqubo ekhethwayo ye-ore yegolide yanamhlanje. Kwinkqubo ye-carbon pulp, "ikhabhoni" kunye ne "pulp" ibhekisela kwikhabhoni esebenzayo kunye ne-pulp yezimbiwa, ngokulandelelana, kunokuba kumiswe i-carbon njengoko sinokucinga ngokuqhelekileyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha lokungeniswa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo, sibhekisela kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa okulandelwa yi-adsorption njengendlela ye-carbon pulp (CIP), ngelixa i-leaching kunye ne-adsorption efanayo ibizwa ngokuba yi-carbon leaching method (CIL). Ngenxa yosetyenziso olusebenzayo lwezixhobo zemveliso, ukwanda kwenani lezityalo zecyanide zisebenzisa le ndlela. Iinzuzo zayo eziphambili ziquka ukuphelisa imfuno yokuhlamba i-pulp kunye nokwahlula okuqinileyo kolwelo, njengoko isebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo i-granular activated carbon ukuze i-adsorb igolide kwi-pulp, ithathe indawo yokuhlamba, ukuhlukana kolwelo oluqinileyo, kunye nokucaciswa, ukuchithwa, kunye nokusebenza kwe-zinc endaweni ye-leachate. Oku kuyenza lula kakhulu inkqubo yemveliso yemizi-mveliso, iphucule ukusebenza kakuhle, kwaye inciphisa kakhulu izixhobo kunye notyalo-mali lweziseko ezingundoqo.

Inkqubo ye-cyanidation ifuna ukucolwa ngokungqongqo.

Kwizinto ezikrwada ezixutyiweyo zequartz ezinegolide, ngenxa yokungahambeki kakuhle kwezimbiwa ezinegolide, kudla ngokuba nzima ukufikelela kwizalathi ezilungileyo zokusetyenzwa kwezimbiwa kusetyenziswa iindlela zokudada. Nangona kunjalo, ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-carbon pulp, kunokwenzeka ukufezekisa izinga lokubuyisela elipheleleyo elingaphezulu kwe-93% phantsi kweemeko zokungcola okunobungozi obuncinci.

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-cyanidation kuxhomekeke ekukwazini ukukhulula igolide efihliweyo, okwenza ukugaya kubaluleke kakhulu kwimisebenzi yokulungiselela izityalo ze-carbon pulp. Kwizityalo zekhabhoni zepulp eziqhelekileyo, ukucoleka okusilayo okufanelekileyo kwi-cyanidation ngokuqhelekileyo kufuna i-80-95% yezinto eziphathekayo ukuba zibe ngcono kune -0.074 mm. Kweminye imigodi enokusasazwa kwezimbiwa, imfuneko inokuba ngaphezulu kwe-95% ukuba ibengcono kune -0.037 mm. Oku kubonisa ukuba ukuzuza ukucoleka okufunekayo kwinqanaba elinye lokusila kwizityalo zekharbhon pulp kulucelomngeni, kudla ngokufuneka izigaba ezibini okanye ezithathu zokusila.

Ulawulo lokugxilwa kokusila lufezekiswa ikakhulu ngokulungelelanisa umthamo wamanzi okutya, ubungakanani besondlo se-ore, kunye nokubuyisela isanti. Ukuba i-concentration yokugaya iphezulu kakhulu, umthamo wamanzi wesondlo kufuneka unyuswe, isixa sokutya kwe-ore kwinkqubo yokugaya i-valve-circuit evaliweyo kufuneka incitshiswe, kwaye umlinganiselo wesanti yokubuya kufuneka unyuswe, kwaye ngokuphambene noko. Ulawulo lokuxinana okuphuphumayo lunokulawulwa ngokulungelelanisa umthamo wamanzi okutya okuphuphumayo, ukuphakama kwe-weir ephuphumayo, i-inlet kunye ne-outlet sizes, kunye nobukhulu bokuphuma kokuphuma. Ukulawulwa kwe-fineness yokugqithisa kufuna uhlengahlengiso ekuphakameni kwe-weir echichimayo, ubungakanani be-outlet outlet, ubungakanani kunye nomlinganiselo weebhola zetsimbi, ukugxininiswa kokugaya, kunye noxinzelelo oluphuphumayo.

Isishwankathelo, zonke iiparitha zobugcisa kumsebenzi wokusila zidibene, ziyancedisana, kwaye zikhawulelana. Ngoko ke, indlela ebanzi kunye nolungelelwaniso kufuneka ithathwe ngexesha lohlengahlengiso kunye nenkqubo yokulawula.

Ukuthintela i-hydrolysis ye iicyanides kubaluleke kakhulu.

The IiCyanides ngokuqhelekileyo sisebenzisa (i-potassium cyanide, Isodium cyanide, i-calcium cyanide) zonke iziseko ezomeleleyo kunye neetyuwa ze-asidi ezibuthathaka, ezixhomekeke kwi-hydrolysis emanzini, zivelisa i-hydrogen cyanide enokuchaphazela ukuxinwa kwee-ion ze-cyanide kwi-pulp. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuthintela i-hydrolysis ye-cyanides ngexesha lenkqubo yokucoca. Eyona ndlela isebenzayo kukunyusa i-concentration ye-ion hydroxide, eyona nto sibhekisela kuyo njengokwandisa ixabiso le-pH. Eyona arhente yoqoqosho yohlengahlengiso lwe-pH kushishino yikalika, kodwa ikalika inokubangela lula ukushukuma ngelixa ilungisa i-pH. Ngoko ke, siyayongeza ngexesha lomsebenzi wokugaya ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlakazekile kakuhle.Ngexesha le-cyanide leaching, isisombululo kufuneka sigcine i-alkalinity ethile ukukhusela ukubola kwe-cyanides, kodwa i-alkalinity yesisombululo se-cyanide akufanele ibe phezulu kakhulu, njengoko oku kunokunciphisa izinga lokuchithwa kwegolide.

Njengoko ixesha lokuvuza lisanda, izinga legolide liphucuka, kodwa emva kwexesha elithile, ukongezwa kwexesha lokuvuza akulonyusi kakhulu izinga legolide. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuba kuqinisekiswe ixesha elithile lokuvuza ngexesha le-cyanide leaching ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvuzwa kwegolide okusebenzayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixabiso le-pH ngexesha lomsebenzi we-carbon pulp lisebenza kakhulu xa liphakathi kwe-10 ne-11.

Ukulawula i-pulp concentration yinkalo ephambili yenkqubo ye-cyanidation.

Ingaba igolide kunye ne-cyanide okanye i-cyanide yegolide kunye nekhabhoni esebenzayo, uqhagamshelwano olwaneleyo luyimfuneko ukuze kuphunyezwe izikhombisi zokulungisa izimbiwa ezilungileyo, ezibeka iimfuno eziphezulu kwi-pulp concentration. Ukuba ugxininiso luphezulu kakhulu, luyakwazi ukukhawuleza phezu kwekhabhoni esebenzayo; ukuba iphantsi kakhulu, inokuzinza ngokulula. Ukongeza, ukugcina ixabiso le-pH elifanelekileyo kunye nokugxilwa kwe-cyanide, inani elikhulu leejenti kufuneka longezwe. Xa ukhetha iicyanides, izinto ezifana nokukwazi kwazo ukunyibilikisa igolide, uzinzo, kunye nefuthe lobumdaka ekunyibilikeni kwegolide kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.

Emva kweminyaka yokuziqhelanisa nemveliso, kukholelwa ukuba i-concentration ye-40-45% ye-carbon pulp yegolide yokutsalwa kunye ne-cyanide concentration ye-300-500 ppm ifanelekile ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, ukucola kufuna amanqanaba amabini ukuya kwamathathu okusebenza, kwaye ugxininiso lokugqibela lwemveliso lungaphantsi kwama-20%. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokungena kwi-leaching operation, i-pulp kufuneka iqhube inkqubo yokuqina.

Ulawulo lwe Isodium cyanide Ukugxininiswa ngexesha lomsebenzi wokuhlamba kufuneka kulandele le migaqo: ngelixa uqinisekisa ukuchithwa kwegolide ngokufanelekileyo, ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo sodium cyanide Ugxininiso ukwenza ugxininiso lwesodium cyanide luhambelane kulo lonke uthotho lweetanki zokuvuza, okanye uqinisekise ukuba ugxininiso lwesodium cyanide kwiitanki zokuvuza zangaphambili ziphezulu kunezo zamva. Okukhona kuncinci ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo lwesodium cyanide elawulwa kwitanki nganye yokuvuza, kungcono. Kukhethwa ukuba umlinganiselo weetanki ezivuzayo ezongeza i-sodium cyanide kwinani elipheleleyo lamatanki okuvuza ukuba libe phezulu. Ukulinganisa ugxininiso lwesodium hydroxide rhoqo kuluncedo ekulawuleni iimeko zobugcisa zokusebenza. I-sodium cyanide yongezwa ngokubanzi kwitanki nganye ekugxininiseni malunga ne-10%.

Indlela esisiseko yeNkqubo yokuLeaching yeCyanide

Ukususela kwifomula engentla, kunokubonwa ukuba inkqubo ye-cyanidation yinkqubo efuna i-oksijini, njengoko ukuqaliswa kwe-oksijini ngexesha lokuvelisa kunokukhawuleza izinga lokukhupha. Kakade ke, sinokongeza ngokufanelekileyo ii-oxidizing agents, ezifana ne-hydrogen peroxide; nangona kunjalo, i-oxidants egqithisileyo ingakhokelela ekubunjweni kwe-cyanate ion ukusuka kwi-cyanide, engenanzuzo kwinkqubo yokucoca.

Ukusuka kwifomula, sinokubona kwakhona ukuba i-mol ye-1 yegolide idinga kuphela i-2 mol ye-cyanide yobunzima. Ngokobunzima, malunga ne-1 g yegolide idinga i-0.5 g ye-cyanide njenge-agent ephumayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwimveliso yokwenyani, ngenxa yempembelelo yezinye iiminerali, ezinje ngesilivere, ubhedu, ilothe, kunye ne-zinc, enokuthi iphinde ingene kwi-complexation reactions kunye ne-cyanide, idosi ye-reagents ayifanele ipheleliselwe ekubaleni kuphela. Kufuneka ilungelelaniswe ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lokugqibela le-leaching, kwaye uhlengahlengiso kufuneka lulandelelwe xa iipropati ze-ore zitshintsha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uluhlu lwama-200 ukuya kuma-500 amaxesha aphezulu kunexabiso elibalwayo libhekwa njengengqiqo. Isishwankathelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuxinwa kwee-ion cyanide kwi-pulp yimeko efunekayo yokufezekisa izikhombisi ezilungileyo.

Xa igolide i-adsorbed kwikhabhoni elayishiweyo ifikelela ngaphezulu kwe-3000 g/t, sicinga ukuba yonke inkqubo ye-carbon pulp adsorption igqityiwe. Nangona kunjalo, ii-ores ezinokungcola okuphezulu kobhedu kunye nesilivere nazo zinokuchaphazela amandla e-adsorption yekhabhoni esebenzayo, okubangela ukuba ikhabhoni elayishwe ngegolide ingafikeleli kwiithagethi zethu ezilindelekileyo. Xa ikhabhoni evuliweyo ingasenawo amandla e-adsorption, sicinga ukuba igcwele. Kwikhabhoni egcweleyo esebenzayo, kufuneka sichithe kunye ne-electrolyze ukuze sifumane igolide. Nangona kunjalo, imisebenzi elandelayo intsonkothe ​​ngakumbi kwaye ifuna utyalo-mali olukhulu. Kwimimandla enoxinano oluphezulu lwemveliso yegolide, sinokuthengisa ikhabhoni elayishwe ngegolide ukuze senze inzuzo, okanye indlela elula kukufumana igolide ngokuyitshisa.

Shaanxi United Chemical ngumvelisi oqeqeshiweyo kunye nomthengisi we-sodium cyanide, ikhemikhali ephambili esetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo afana nemigodi kunye ne-chemical synthesis. Iqela lobuchwephesha kwi United Chemical ayiboneleli kuphela ngeemveliso kodwa ikwazinikele ekunikezeni inkxaso yobugcisa ebanzi. Ngamava abanzi kwishishini, iingcali zethu ziyakwazi ukujongana nayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye imiceli mngeni onokuthi udibane nayo. Ngokukhetha Shaanxi United Chemical njengomthengisi wakho we-sodium cyanide, uya kufumana ukufikelela kubutyebi bolwazi kunye nezixhobo ezinokuphucula ukusebenza kwakho kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Sebenzisana nathi ngoku ukufumana inkxaso yobuchwephesha kunye neemveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu.