Imilinganiselo yoKhuseleko oluBalulekileyo xa usebenza neSodium Cyanide

I. Intshayelelo

Isodium ye-cyanide, ikhompawundi yeekhemikhali ezinetyhefu kakhulu, ifuna ukuthotyelwa ngokungqongqo kwiiprothokholi zokhuseleko xa ziphathwa. Ngamandla ayo okubangela ingozi enkulu kunye nokubabeka emngciphekweni ubomi, ukuqonda iinkqubo ezichanekileyo zokuphatha Isodium cyanide ibaluleke kakhulu. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga izilumkiso ezahlukeneyo kunye namanyathelo ekufuneka athatyathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwale nto inobungozi.

II. Ukuqonda iSodium Cyanide

Sodium i-cyanide yi-inorganic compound kunye ne-chemical formula NaCN. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibonakala njengeegranules ezimhlophe zekristale okanye umgubo, othanda ukutyeba. Inevumba elimfiliba, elikrakra le-almond. Le khompawundi inyibilika kakhulu emanzini, kwaye isisombululo sayo samanzi sibonisa ialkalinity eyomeleleyo. Isodium cyanide yeyona nto ibalulekileyo esisiseko semathiriyeli ekrwada, ukufumana ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwimimandla efana nesiseko semichiza esisiseko, i-electroplating, i-metallurgy, kunye ne-organic synthesis yamayeza kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane. Isebenza njenge-ejenti eyinkimbinkimbi kunye ne-ejenti yokufihla, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobunzima bayo Utyhefu, ifuna inqanaba eliphezulu lokulumkisa kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko ngexesha lokuphatha.

III. ImiGaqo yoKhuseleko ePhambili

III.1 Izixhobo zoKhuseleko zoMntu (PPE)

Xa uphatha sodium cyanide, ukhetho oluchanekileyo nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo zokuzikhusela kubalulekile. Okokuqala, kufuneka kukhethwe imaski yothuli ekumgangatho ophezulu. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe iimaski ezihlangabezana nemigangatho ye-N95 okanye ngaphezulu kumazwe afana ne-United States, okanye i-FFP2 okanye ngaphezulu eYurophu. Ezi maski zinokuhluza ngokufanelekileyo amasuntswana amahle Isodium cyanide uthuli, ukuthintela ukuphefumla. Xa unxibe imaski, qinisekisa ukuba impumlo ilingana kakuhle nasemlonyeni, kungekho zikhewu ukunqanda ukuvuza.

Okwesibini, ukukhusela isandla, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeglavu ziyafumaneka ngokuxhomekeka kwimeko. Xa uphethe i-sodium cyanide eqinileyo, iiglavu ezishinyeneyo, ezikwaziyo ukumelana neekhemikhali ezenziwe ngezinto ezifana nerabha ye-nitrile zikhethwa. Banikezela ukuxhathisa okulungileyo kwe-abrasion kwaye banokuthintela ukungena kweekhemikhali. Xa ujongene nezisombululo ze-sodium cyanide, ngaphezu kokumelana nemichiza, iiglavu kufuneka zibe nokusebenza okungcono kwamanzi. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhethe iiglavu ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuphatha ulwelo oludlekayo. Emva kokusebenzisa iiglavu, kufuneka zisuswe ngokucophelela ukuphepha ukungcolisa ezinye iindawo kwaye zihlanjwe kakuhle ngamanzi asebenzayo.

Okokugqibela, iiglasi zekhemikhali zokutshiza zibalulekile ukukhusela amehlo. Ezi glasi kufuneka zibe nebala elibanzi lombono kunye nesitywina esilungileyo sokuthintela nakuphi na ukutshiza kwesisombululo se-sodium cyanide ekungeneni kwamehlo. Kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana nempembelelo ukuthintela umonakalo ovela kwiingozi zengozi. Xa unxibe izibuko, lungisa imitya ukuze uqiniseke ukuba ukhululekile kwaye ukhuselekile.

III.2 Ukunqanda ukuphefumla nokuNxibelelana noLusu

Ukuthintela i-inhalation yothuli lwe-sodium cyanide okanye igesi, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa umoya omhle kwindawo yokusebenzela. Faka iinkqubo zokukhupha umoya wendawo kufuphi nommandla wokuphatha ukuze ususe ngokukhawuleza naziphi na iinqununu ezihamba emoyeni. Xa uvula izikhongozeli zesodium cyanide okanye usenza imisebenzi enokuthi ivelise uthuli, njengokulinganisa okanye ukugqithisela, kwenze oko ngokucothayo nangenyameko yokunciphisa ukusasazwa kothuli. Abasebenzi kwakhona kufuneka bakuphephe ukuma umoya ophantsi wotyando ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphefumla.

Ukuthintela ukudibana kwesikhumba kubaluleke ngokulinganayo. Hlala unxibe iimpahla zokusebenza ezinemikhono emide kunye neebhulukhwe zokugquma ulusu kangangoko. Kuphephe ukunxiba impahla enemingxuma okanye iinyembezi ezinokuveza ulusu. Kwimeko yokudibanisa ngengozi kunye ne-sodium cyanide, susa ngokukhawuleza iingubo ezingcolileyo kwaye uhlambe indawo echaphazelekayo ngokucokisekileyo ngamanzi ahambayo ubuncinane imizuzu eyi-15. Ukuba kukho amanxeba avulekileyo okanye i-abrasions esikhumbeni, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ngakumbi ukuthintela ukudibana, njengoko imichiza inokungena emzimbeni ngokulula ngakumbi ngezi ndawo.

III.3 Ukhuseleko lwamehlo

Ukongeza kokunxiba iiglasi zekhemikhali zokutshiza, kuyafuneka ukuba kubekho izikhululo zokuhlamba amehlo ezingxamisekileyo kwindawo yokusebenzela. Kwimeko apho i-sodium cyanide idibana namehlo, hlambulula kwangoko amehlo ngamanzi acocekileyo acocekileyo, abalekayo kangangemizuzu eli-15. Musa ukuhlikihla amehlo, njengoko oku kunokubangela umonakalo ongakumbi. Pekethisa intloko kancinci ecaleni ukuvumela amanzi ukuba ahambe phezu kwawo wonke umphezulu wamehlo. Emva kokuhlanjwa, funa unyango ngokukhawuleza. Nokuba akukho zimpawu zikhawulezayo, kusacetyiswa ukuba ube noviwo lobuchwephesha ukuze ukhuphe nawuphi na umonakalo onokwenzeka.

III.4 Ukuphatha Ukuchitheka

Kwimeko yokuchitheka kwe-sodium cyanide, kubalulekile ukwenza ngokukhawuleza nangokuzola. Okokuqala, phuma ngokukhawuleza kwindawo ukuze uqinisekise ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi. Kuphela ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo boncedo olungxamisekileyo abanxibe iPPE efanelekileyo ekufuneka beze kwindawo yokuchitheka. Sebenzisa iplastiki okanye ifosholo engatshiyo ukuze uqokelele ngononophelo i-sodium cyanide echithekileyo kwaye uyigqithisele kwisitya esicocekileyo nesivaliweyo. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa izixhobo zentsimbi ezinokusabela ngekhemikhali. Izinto ezifunxayo ezifana nevermiculite okanye isanti eyomileyo zingasetyenziselwa ukufunxa izixa ezincinci zolwelo oluchithekileyo, kodwa kufuneka zilahlwe ngokufanelekileyo emva koko. Musa ukuvumela i-sodium cyanide echithekileyo ukuba idibane namanzi okanye ezinye izinto ezinokubangela ukusabela kwemichiza. Nje ukuba ukuchitheka kuthintelwe, qhagamshelana nabasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo bokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko ukuze ufumane isikhokelo esifanelekileyo sokulahla.

III.5 Ukuhambelana kweMichiza

Isodium cyanide kufuneka igcinwe kude kwiiasidi kunye neziseko ezibuthathaka ngamaxesha onke. Xa idibana neeasidi, inokukhupha ngokukhawuleza igesi eyityhefu yehydrogen cyanide, ebeka isoyikiso esibi ebomini. Ngoko ke, musa ukugcina i-acids okanye iziseko ezibuthathaka kwindawo efanayo ne-sodium cyanide. Xa uphethe i-sodium cyanide, qiniseka ukuba umphezulu womsebenzi kunye naziphi na izixhobo ezisetyenziswayo azinayo i-acidic okanye intsalela esisiseko. Ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokuqhagamshelana ngengozi, yiba ne-ventilation engxamisekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokubona igesi ukuze uphendule ngokukhawuleza nakuphi na ukukhutshwa kwegesi.

III.6 Imiqathango yoGcino

Indawo yokugcina i-sodium cyanide kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuno ezingqongqo. Yigcine kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo, nengena umoya. Uluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu afanelekileyo lukholisa ukuba phakathi kwe-10°C kunye ne-25°C, njengoko amaqondo obushushu aphezulu anokukhawulezisa ukubola komchiza. Ukufuma okunxulumeneyo kufuneka kugcinwe ngaphantsi kwe-60% ukuthintela ukufunxwa kokufuma, okunokukhokelela ekwakhekeni kwegesi yehydrogen cyanide. Sebenzisa izitya ezivaliweyo ezenziwe ngezinto ezichasene ne-sodium cyanide, ezifana ne-high-density polyethylene okanye insimbi engenasici. Bhala izikhongozeli ngokucacileyo ngegama, ugxininiso, kunye nezilumkiso zengozi zekhemikhali. Gcina izikhongozeli kwiishelufa okanye iiracks kumphakamo ofanelekileyo ukunqanda umonakalo ngengozi. Jonga rhoqo indawo yokugcina kunye nezikhongozeli naziphi na iimpawu zokuvuza okanye ukonakala.

IV. Impendulo engxamisekileyo

IV.1 Amanyathelo oNcedo lokuQala

Kwimeko yokuphefumla ngengozi yothuli lwe-sodium cyanide okanye igesi, susa ngokukhawuleza ixhoba kwindawo enomoya ococekileyo. Khulula nayiphi na impahla eqinileyo entanyeni nasesifubeni ukuze kube lula ukuphefumla. Ukuba umntu uphefumla nzima okanye uyekile ukuphefumla, yenza ukuphefumla okufakelweyo ngoko nangoko. Nangona kunjalo, kunqande ukuphefumla ngomlomo ukuya emlonyeni kwaye usebenzise i-bag-valve-mask okanye esinye isixhobo esifanelekileyo sokuphefumla ukuba sikhona. Fowunela iinkonzo zonyango ezingxamisekileyo kwaye uqhubeke nokuphefumla okwenziwayo de kufike uncedo.

Ukuba i-sodium cyanide idibana nolusu, susa ngokukhawuleza nayiphi na impahla engcolileyo. Hlamba indawo echaphazelekayo ngokucokisekileyo ngamanzi amaninzi ahambayo ubuncinane imizuzu eyi-15. Sebenzisa isepha ethambileyo ukuba kuyimfuneko, kodwa kuphephe ukukhuhla ngamandla njengoko kungonakalisa ulusu. Emva kokuhlanjululwa, gubungela indawo ngelaphu elicocekileyo, elomileyo kwaye ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Xa ujongene namehlo, hlamba ngokukhawuleza amehlo ngamanzi acocekileyo, ahambayo ubuncinane imizuzu eyi-15. Nyakazisa intloko ecaleni ukuze uqinisekise ukuba amanzi afikelela kuzo zonke iindawo zeliso. Musa ukuhlikihla amehlo njengoko kunokubangela umonakalo ongakumbi. Emva kokuhlamba, gcina amehlo evaliwe kwaye ufune uncedo lwezonyango ngoko nangoko.

Ukuba i-sodium cyanide ifakwe ngengozi, musa ukukhupha ukuhlanza ngaphandle kokuba uyalelwe ngabasebenzi bezonyango. Sela isixa esikhulu samanzi okanye ubisi ngokukhawuleza ukuze udibanise imichiza esiswini. Shayela iinkonzo zonyango ezingxamisekileyo kwaye unikeze ngolwazi oluninzi malunga nokungeniswa, njengobungakanani kunye nexesha lokungena.

IV.2 Iingozi zoMlilo kunye nokuqhushumba

Nangona i-sodium cyanide ngokwayo ingatshi, inokukhupha igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enobuthi xa itshiswa ize ibole. Kwimeko yomlilo oquka i-sodium cyanide, abacimi-mlilo kufuneka banxibe izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezipheleleyo, kuquka izixhobo zokuphefumla ezizimeleyo (SCBA), iisuti ezimelana neekhemikhali, iiglavu, kunye neebhutsi. Sebenzisa umgubo wekhemikhali owomileyo, ICarbon i-dioxide, okanye ezinye izinto zokucima umlilo ezifanelekileyo. Kuphephe ukusebenzisa amanzi kuba anokusabela kwi-sodium cyanide aze akhuphe iigesi ezinobuthi ezingaphezulu. Susa indawo engqongileyo uye kumgama okhuselekileyo kwaye uthintele nabani na ukuba angangeni kumsi okanye kwi-gas plume. Emva kokuba umlilo ucinyiwe, phatha i-sodium cyanide eseleyo kunye nazo naziphi na izinto ezingcolisiweyo ngononophelo olukhulu ukuze uphephe ungcoliseko lwesibini.

V. Uqeqesho kunye noKwazisa

Uqeqesho olufanelekileyo lwabasebenzi abaphatha i-sodium cyanide ayinakuxoxisana. Bonke abaqhubi kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho olubanzi olubandakanya ulwazi olunzulu ngeempawu zekhemikhali, iingozi ezinokubakho, kunye neenkqubo zokuphatha ezichanekileyo. Olu qeqesho akufunekanga lubandakanye imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kuphela kodwa neemeko zokusabela ngokungxamisekileyo.

Ukuqhuba rhoqo ngokhuseleko kunye nokulinganisa kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi banokuphendula ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo kwimeko yengozi. Olu qeqesho kufuneka lulinganise iimeko zokwenyani ezinjengokuchitheka, ukuvuza, okanye ukutyhileka ngengozi. Ngokuthatha inxaxheba kolu qheliselo, abasebenzi baqhelana neeprothokholi zokusabela kwimeko kaxakeka, kuquka nendlela yokusebenzisa izixhobo zokhuseleko, ukufuduswa kwendawo, nokunika uncedo lokuqala.

Ngaphezulu, imfundo eqhubekayo kunye nezifundo zokuhlaziya ziyimfuneko ukugcina abasebenzi behlaziywa ngemigaqo yokhuseleko yamva nje kunye nezona ndlela zingcono zokusebenza. Njengoko uphando olutsha okanye iziganeko ezinxulumene nokuphathwa kwe-sodium cyanide zivela, kubalulekile ukuba abaqhubi baziswe kwaye balungelelanise iinkqubo zabo ngokufanelekileyo. Le nkqubo yokufunda eqhubekayo inceda ukugcina izinga eliphezulu lokwazisa ngokhuseleko kunye nobuchule kwindawo yokusebenza.

VI. Ukuqukumbela

Ukuqukumbela, ukuphatha i-sodium cyanide kufuna inqanaba eliphezulu lokulumkisa kunye nokuthotyelwa okungqongqo kwiiprothokholi zokhuseleko. Iziphumo ezinokubakho zokuphatha kakubi le khompawundi inetyhefu ziqatha, hayi kuphela kubantu ababandakanyekayo kodwa nakwimeko engqongileyo. Ngokuqonda kunye nokuphumeza amanyathelo ayimfuneko okhuseleko, sinokunciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nokuphathwa kwe-sodium cyanide. Uqeqesho oluqhubekayo nokwazisa kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abasebenzi bahlala behlaziywa ngezenzo zokhuseleko zamva nje. Khumbula ukuba, ukhuseleko luxanduva ekwabelwana ngalo, yaye onke amanyathelo athatyathiweyo namhlanje anokuthintela intlekele enokwenzeka ngomso.