Amachiza angundoqo asetyenziswa kuShishino lwezeMigodi lucacisiwe

Ishishini lezemigodi lithembele kakhulu kwiikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo ukukhupha nokusetyenzwa kweeminerali ngokufanelekileyo. Ezi khemikhali zibalulekile ekwandiseni imveliso kunye nokuphucula amazinga okubuyisela. Badlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezinjengokuntywila, ukutsalwa kwe-solvent, kunye ne-leaching, ukunceda ukwahlula iiminerali ezixabisekileyo kwi-ore.

Ngaphandle kwezi khemikhali ziyimfuneko, ishishini lezemigodi lingajongana nemingeni ebalulekileyo ekuphumezeni imveliso yezimbiwa esebenzayo nezinzileyo. Ukubaluleka kwazo akunakubaxwa, njengoko zinegalelo kwimpumelelo epheleleyo kunye nozinzo lwemisebenzi yemigodi.

Nalu uluhlu lwemichiza ephezulu yemigodi elishumi:

1. IiCyanides

2. Isalfure acid

3. IHydrochloric Acid

4.  IiReagents zeFlotation

5.  Izikhukhula kunye neeCoagulants

6. ISodium Carbonate (Soda Ash)

7. Calcium hayidroksayidi
   

8. Ammonium iNitrate

9. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo

10. Xanthates

Eli nqaku linika inkcazo eneenkcukacha malunga neekhemikhali ezilishumi eziphezulu ezibalulekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwishishini lemigodi, kunye nezibonelelo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.

1. Sodium Cyanide

I-Cyanides yikhemikhali ebalulekileyo kwishishini lemigodi, ngakumbi xa kutsalwa igolide nesilivere. Benza ii-complexes ngegolide, ezivumela ukuba zihlulwe kwi-ore.

Zeeprojekhthi iicyanides zibandakanya ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Nangona kunjalo, zinetyhefu kakhulu kwaye zifuna amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko kunye nemimiselo yokusingqongileyo ukukhusela ukungcola kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo.

inzuzo:

• Ukusebenza okuphezulu: I-Cyanides iyasebenza kakhulu ukukhupha igolide kunye nesilivere kwi-ores.

• Ixabiso-Ngempumelelo: Babonelela ngendlela yoqoqosho yokutsalwa kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo.

• Ukusabela ngokukhawuleza: Inkqubo yekhemikhali ikhawuleza, inciphisa ixesha lokucubungula.

lwezicelo:

• Ukutsalwa kwegolide: I-cyanides isetyenziswa ngokuyintloko kwinkqubo yokukhupha igolide.

• ISilver Extraction: Zikwasetyenziselwa ukukhupha isilivere kwi-ores.

• Imisebenzi yokwembiwa kwemigodi: Iicyanides zisetyenziswa kwimigodi emikhulu nemincinane.

2. Iasidi yeSulfuri

Iasidi ye-Sulphuric isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lezemigodi ukuze kutyiwe kunye nokulungiswa kweentsimbi, ngakumbi ekutsalweni kobhedu kunye neuranium. I-reactivity yayo ephezulu ivumela ukuba inyibilikise ngokufanelekileyo isinyithi ngaphakathi kwe-ore. I-asidi ye-sulfuric ibalulekile ekukhupheni isinyithi esixabisekileyo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-hydrometallurgical.

benefits

• High Reactivity: I-asidi ye-sulfuric inokunyibilikisa ngokufanelekileyo isinyithi kwi-ores.

• I-Versatility: Ingasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokutsalwa kwezimbiwa.

• Ukufumaneka: I-asidi ye-Sulphuric ifumaneka ngokubanzi kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi.

izicelo

• I-Copper Extraction: Isetyenziselwa inkqubo yokukhupha ubhedu kwi-ores.

• Ukwenziwa kweUranium: Ibalulekile xa kutsalwa nokusetyenzwa kweuranium.

• Ukusetyenzwa kweOre: Kuqeshwe kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-hydrometallurgical ukukhupha iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo.

3. Hydrochloric Acid

I-Hydrochloric acid yenye imichiza eyimfuneko ekusetyenzweni kwentsimbi kunye nokucokisa isinyithi. Yi-asidi eyomeleleyo enceda ekubuyiseleni isinyithi ngokunyibilikisa ukungcola kunye nokwahlula iiminerali ezixabisekileyo. I-Hydrochloric acid isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lokulungisa izimbiwa ukuze kutsalwe kunye nokucocwa kwesinyithi.

eziluncedo

• I-asidi eyomeleleyo: Iyakwazi ukunyibilikisa ngokufanelekileyo ukungcola kunye nokwahlula isinyithi.

• Ukubuyiselwa kwesinyithi: Kuphucula ukukwazi ukubuyisela iintsimbi kwintsimbi ekrwada.

• Ukusetyenziswa okuguquguqukayo: Kufanelekile kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenzwa kwezimbiwa.

izicelo

• Ukulungiswa kwentsimbi ekrwada: Isetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kweentsimbi ezahlukeneyo.

• Ukusulungekiswa kwesinyithi: Inceda ekucoceni nasekukhutshweni kweentsimbi.

• Ukucocwa kwenkunkuma: Isetyenziselwa ukuphatha nokuphelisa inkunkuma yasemigodini.

4. Ii-reagents zokudada

Ii-reagents ze-Flotation zibandakanya amagwebu, abaqokeleli kunye nezilungisi, ezibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo ye-froth flotation yokwahlula izimbiwa kwi-ore. Ezi khemikhali ziphucula ukuhlukana kwamaminerali kunye nokwandisa izinga lokubuyisela ngokutshintsha iimpawu ezingaphezulu zamaminerali. I-Frothers inokuvelisa amagwebu azinzileyo, abaqokeleli banokuphucula i-hydrophobicity, kwaye izilungisi zinokuhlengahlengisa ixabiso le-pH ukufezekisa isiphumo esilungileyo sokwahlukana.

benefits

• Ukwahlula okuphuculweyo: Yomeleza ukwahlulwa kweeminerali kwi-ore.

• Ukunyuka kwezinga lokubuya kwakhona: Ukuphucula izinga lokubuya kwakhona kwezimbiwa ezixabisekileyo.

• Inkqubo elungiselelweyo: Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokudada.

izicelo

• I-Froth flotation: Isetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokudada kwamagwebu ukwahlula izimbiwa.

• Ukusetyenzwa kwezimbiwa: Kuyimfuneko ekuxhamleni iintsimbi ezahlukeneyo.

• Ukugxilwa kwentsimbi ekrwada: Igalelo ekugxininiseni izimbiwa ezibalulekileyo ukuze ziqhubeke nokusebenza.

5. Flocculants kunye Coagulants

Iiflocculants kunye ne-coagulants zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokwahlula okuqinileyo-olwelwelo kushishino lwezimayini. Banceda ukudibanisa amaqhekeza amahle, ukuphucula ukucaca kunye ne-sedimentation. Ezi khemikhali ziyimfuneko ekucoceni amanzi amdaka, ziqinisekisa ukuba amanzi akhutshiweyo kwimisebenzi yemigodi ayahlangabezana nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo.

benefits

• Ingcaciso eyongeziweyo: Iphucula ukucaca kwamanzi alungisiweyo.

• Intlenga eNgcono: Uncedo kwintlenga yamasuntswana acolekileyo.

• Ukuthotyelwa kokusiNgqongileyo: Iqinisekisa ukuba amanzi amdaka ayahlangabezana nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo.

izicelo

• Ukwahlulwa kwe-Solid-Liquid: Isetyenziselwa ukwahlula izinto eziqinileyo kwizinto ezingamanzi kwiinkqubo zemigodi.

• Ukucocwa kwamanzi amdaka: Kubalulekile ekuphatheni amanzi akhutshwe kwimisebenzi yasemigodini.

• Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi ngodaka: Inceda ekugxothweni kwamanzi kunye nokulawulwa kodaka lwasezimayini.

6. ISodium Carbonate (Soda Ash)

Sodium ICarbonI-ate, okanye i-soda ash, isetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yokulawula i-pH kunye nokunyibilikisa. Yikhemikhali engabizi kakhulu nesebenzayo enceda ekutsaleni igolide, ubhedu kunye ne-lead. I-soda ash ibalulekile ekugcineni amanqanaba e-pH afanelekileyo ngexesha leenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokwemba, iphucula ukubuyiswa kwesinyithi.

benefits

• Ukulawulwa kwe-pH: Ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo amanqanaba e-pH kwiinkqubo zemigodi.

• Ixabiso-Ngempumelelo: Ukhetho lwezoqoqosho kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zemigodi.

• UkuBuyiswa kweMetal okuPhuculweyo: Liphucula izinga lokubuyisela isinyithi njengegolide nobhedu.

izicelo

• Ukutsalwa kwegolide: Isetyenziselwa ukulawula i-pH ngexesha leenkqubo zokukhutshwa kwegolide.

• Ukunyibilikiswa kobhedu: Inceda ekunyibilikiseni nasekukhutshweni kobhedu.

• Ukwembiwa kwelothe: Kuqeshwe ekutsalweni kwelothe kwintsimbi ekrwada yayo.

7.I-calcium hydroxide

Ikalika isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lemigodi kulawulo lwe-pH kunye nokucocwa kwamanzi. Ininzi kwaye inoqoqosho, iyenza ibe lukhetho oludumileyo lokuthoba inkunkuma yasemgodini eneasidi kunye nokunyanga amanzi angcolisekileyo. Ikalika iqinisekisa ukuba amanqanaba e-pH ayagcinwa, nto leyo ethintela ukonakala kwendalo.

benefits

• Zininzi: Ifumaneka lula kwaye iyonga imali.

• Ulawulo lwe-pH: Iyenza ingasebenzi inkunkuma yasemgodini eneasidi.

• Ukhuseleko lokusiNgqongileyo: Luqinisekisa ukuba amanzi akhutshiweyo emigodini akhuselekile.

izicelo

• Unyango lwamanzi: Isetyenziselwa ukunyanga kunye nokunciphisa amanzi aneasidi evela kwimisebenzi yasemigodini.

• Ulawulo lwe-pH: Ukugcina amanqanaba e-pH ngexesha leenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokumbiwa kwemigodi.

• Ulawulo lweNkunkuma: Kubalulekile kulawulo lweentsalela zezimbiwa kunye nenkunkuma.

8. I-Ammonium Nitrate

I-Ammonium nitrate sisiqhushumbisi esinamandla nesithembekileyo esisetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yasezimayini. Isetyenziselwa ukuqhekeza ukubunjwa kwamatye kunye nokuququzelela ukukhutshwa kweeminerali. Ngenxa yobume bayo obuqhumayo, amanyathelo okhuseleko angqongqo ayafuneka ukuze kuphathwe kwaye kugcinwe Ammonium iNitrate ngokukhuselekileyo.

benefits

• Ukuqhushumba okunamandla: Kusebenza kakhulu ekwaphuleni iintshukumo zamatye.

• Ithembekile: Ibonelela ngentsebenzo engaguqukiyo kwimisebenzi yezemigodi.

• Ukusetyenziswa okulawulwayo: Inokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo ukusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo.

izicelo

• Ukudubula: Kusetyenziswa njengesiqhushumbisi emigodini ukuqhekeza amatye.

• Ukuqhekeka kwamatye: Kuyimfuneko ekuqhekezeni amatye ukufikelela kwizimbiwa.

• Imisebenzi yokwembiwa kwemigodi: Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimigodi engaphezulu nangaphantsi komhlaba.

9. Ikhabhoni eyenziwe yasebenza

Ikhabhoni esebenzayo ibalulekile ekutsalweni kwegolide ngenkqubo ye-adsorption. Inomthamo ophezulu we-adsorption, okwenza ukuba isebenze ekubambeni igolide ukusuka i-cyanide izisombululo. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo iyaphinda isetyenziswe, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho olunoqoqosho lokubuyisela igolide kwishishini lemigodi.

benefits

• Umthamo we-Adsorption ephezulu: Ibamba ngokufanelekileyo igolide kwizisombululo zecyanide.

• Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona: Ingaphinda isetyenziswe amaxesha amaninzi, ukunciphisa iindleko.

• Esebenzayo: Isebenza kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokubuyisela igolide.

izicelo

• Ukutsalwa kweGolide: Isetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokubhengeza ukubuyisela igolide.

• Unyango lwamanzi: Inceda ekuphatheni amanzi ngokususa izinto ezingcolisayo.

• UkuBuyiswa kweNsimbi exabisekileyo: Kuqeshwe ekubuyiselweni kwezinye iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo.

10. Xanthates

I-Xanthates ngabaqokeleli abasetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokudada ukuze bahlukanise iiminerali ze-sulfide kwi-ore. Ziyasebenza kwaye ziguquguquka, ziphucula i-hydrophobicity yeeminerali ekujoliswe kuzo kunye nokuphucula amazinga okubuyisela. I-Xanthates isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-sulfide mineral processing. idlala indima ephambili ekuncedeni intsimbi ekrwada.

benefits

• Abaqokeleli abaSebenzayo: Ukuphucula i-hydrophobicity yeeminerali, ukuncedisa ukwahlula.

• Ukuguquguquka: Ingasetyenziswa kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeminerali.

• Ukonyuka kwamazinga okuBuyisa kwakhona: Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokubuyiswa kwezimbiwa.

izicelo

• Iinkqubo zeFlotation: Isetyenziswa njengabaqokeleli kwi-froth flotation ukwahlula izimbiwa zesulfide.

• UkuNgenelwa kweziMbiwa: Ibalulekile ekuncedeni ores yesulfide.

• Ukucutshungulwa kwentsimbi ekrwada: Inceda ekusetyenzweni nasekugxininiseni kweentsimbi ezahlukeneyo.

isiphelo

Iikhemikhali ezili-10 eziphezulu esixoxe ngazo zibalulekile kushishino lwemigodi, nganye kuzo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okukhutshwa nokusetyenzwa kwezimbiwa. Ukusuka ekwandiseni amazinga okubuyisela nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kwentsimbi ukuya ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, ezi khemikhali zibalulekile ekuveliseni izimbiwa ezikumgangatho ophezulu.

Ezi khemikhali zoshishino lwemigodi zinegalelo ekusebenzeni kwemigodi ngendlela eyongayo nenoxanduva lokusingqongileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yimfuneko kushishino.

Ukuba unazo naziphi na iingcamango okanye imibuzo malunga nale michiza, zikhululeke ukwabelana ngazo kwizimvo ezingezantsi.