ISayensi edumileyo kwiMichiza enobungozi: iSodium Cyanide

1. Intshayelelo yeSodium Cyanide

Inkqubo ye-crystal ye-Cubic, i-crystalline particles emhlophe okanye i-powder, i-deliquesce elula, kunye nephunga elibi lee-almond ezibuhlungu. Ityhefu kakhulu, ukudibana namanxeba esikhumba, ukuphefumla, kunye nokufunxa izixa zomkhondo kunokubangela ityhefu kunye nokufa. Ifomula yekhemikhali yiNaCN, indawo yokunyibilika engama-563.7℃, indawo yokubila eyi-1496℃. Inyibilika ngokulula emanzini, ngokulula i-hydrolyzed ukwenza i-hydrogen i-cyanide, isisombululo esinamanzi sinamandla e-alkaline, isiseko esibalulekileyo semichiza ekrwada, esetyenziswa kwisiseko semichiza esisiseko, i-electroplating, i-metallurgy kunye neyeza le-organic synthesis, i-pesticides kunye nonyango lwesinyithi. I-arhente eyinkimbinkimbi, i-agent yokufihla.

2. Iimpawu ezibonakalayo

Yinkqubo ye-cubic crystal, i-crystalline granules emhlophe okanye umgubo, i-deliquescent ngokulula, kunye nevumba elibi le-almond elikrakra. Inyibilika emanzini, i-ammonia, i-ethanol kunye ne-methanol.

3. Imicimbi yokusebenza

Vala ngokuqinileyo, unikeze umbhobho owaneleyo wendawo kunye nokufumana umoya jikelele. Mechanise kwaye usebenze ngokuzenzekela kangangoko. Abanini-zithuthi kufuneka baqeqeshwe ngokukodwa kwaye bathobele ngokungqongqo iinkqubo zokusebenza. Kwenziwa isincomo sokuba abaqhubi banxibe ihood yohlobo lombane lonikezelo lwesihluzi sokuphefumla uthuli, isiqwenga esinye sempahla echasene netyhefu, kunye neeglavu zerabha. Kuphephe ukuvelisa uthuli. Kuphephe ukudibana nee-oxidants kunye neeasidi. Layisha kwaye ukhulule ngobunono ngexesha lokuthutha ukuthintela umonakalo wokupakisha kunye nezikhongozeli. Ukuxhobisa ukuvuza kwezixhobo zonyango olungxamisekileyo. Izikhongozeli ezingenanto zingaqulatha izinto eziyingozi.

4. Iingozi zempilo

Inqanda i-enzymes yokuphefumula, ibangela i-intracellular asphyxiation. Ukuphefumla, ukulawulwa ngomlomo okanye ukufunxa nge-percutaneous kunokubangela ityhefu ebukhali. Ukulawulwa komlomo we-50-100 mg kunokubangela ukufa ngokukhawuleza. Ukufa okungekho ngokukhawuleza kuhlulwe ngokweklinikhi kwizigaba ze-4: isigaba seprodromal sinokucasuka kwe-mucosal, ukukhawuleza kunye nokuphefumula okunzulu, ukukhathala, kunye nentloko; Ukulawulwa komlomo kunobundindisholo kwincam yolwimi nomlomo, njl njl. Inqanaba le-dyspnea line-dyspnea, uxinzelelo lwegazi olwandisiweyo, kunye nesikhumba esibomvu esikhanyayo kunye ne-mucous membranes. Inqanaba lokuxhuzula linokuxhuzula, isiqaqa, kunye nokusilela kokuphefumla. Isigaba sokukhubazeka siphumla umzimba wonke, ukuphefumla kunye nokuma kwentliziyo, kunye nokufa. Ukubonakaliswa kwexesha elide kwixabiso elincinci le-cyanide kunokubangela i-neurasthenia syndrome, iso kunye nokucaphuka kwendlela yokuphefumula ephezulu. Inokubangela irhashalala.

5. Impendulo kaxakeka

Beka bucala indawo evuzayo kwaye uthintele ukufikelela. Kucetyiswa ukuba abasebenzi boncedo olungxamisekileyo banxibe iimaski zothuli (iimaski ezigcwele ubuso) kunye neesuti ezichasene negesi. Musa ukudibana ngqo nezinto ezivuzayo.

Ukuvuza okuncinci: Kuphephe ukwenza uthuli kwaye uqokelele indawo evuzayo kwisikhongozeli esomileyo, esicocekileyo esinomhlakulo ococekileyo.

Ukuvuza okukhulu: Ukugquma ngeplastiki okanye iseyile, kwaye emva koko uqokelele ukuze uhlaziywe okanye uthuthwe kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma ukuze ilahlwe.

6. Amanyathelo oncedo lokuqala

Ukudibana nolusu: Khulula iimpahla ezingcolisekileyo ngoko nangoko kwaye uhlambe kakuhle ngamanzi abalekayo okanye i-5% yesisombululo se-sodium thiosulfate kangangemizuzu engama-20 ubuncinane. Funa unyango.

Ukujongana kwamehlo: Khawuleza uphakamise iinkophe uze uhlambe ngocoselelo ngamanzi abalekayo amaninzi okanye ityuwa kangangemizuzu eli-15 ubuncinane. Funa unyango.

Ukuphefumla: Yiyeke indawo ngokukhawuleza uye kumoya omtsha. Gcina umgaqo womoya uvulekile. Ukuba ukuphefumla kunzima, nika ioksijini. Ukuba ukuphefumla kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo kuyeka, yenza ngokukhawuleza ukuphefumla okwenziweyo (ungasebenzisi umlomo ukuya emlonyeni) kunye noxinzelelo lwesifuba lwangaphandle. Nika i-amyl nitrite ephefumleyo kwaye ufune unyango.

Ukuginya: Sela amanzi amaninzi ashushu kwaye wenze ukuba ugabhe. Geza isisu nge-1: 5000 potassium permanganate okanye i-5% yesisombululo se-sodium thiosulfate. Funa unyango.

7. Amanyathelo okucima umlilo

Indlela yokucima umlilo: Le mveliso ayinakutsha. Xa kutsha, zama ukuyisindisa ukuze uthintele ukuba ipakethe yonakale kwaye ibangele ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Abacimi-mlilo kufuneka banxibe iimaski zegesi kunye neesuti zomlilo zomzimba wonke baze bacime umlilo kwicala eliya phezulu. Isixhobo sokucima umlilo: umgubo owomileyo, isanti kunye nomhlaba. Akuvumelekanga ukuyisebenzisa ICarbon ii-arhente zokucima umlilo ze-dioxide kunye ne-asidi-base ukucima umlilo.

8. Imiba yokugcina

Gcina kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo, nengena umoya. Zigcine kude nomlilo kunye nemithombo yobushushu. Ukufuma okunxulumene nendawo yokugcina impahla akufuneki kudlule kwi-80%. Iphakheji kufuneka itywinwe. Kufuneka igcinwe ngokwahlukileyo kwi-oxidants, i-acids, kunye neekhemikhali ezidliwayo, kwaye akufanele ixutywe. Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngezinto ezifanelekileyo zokuqulatha ukuvuza. Inkqubo yokulawula "izibini ezihlanu" kwizinto eziyityhefu ngokugqithisileyo kufuneka iphunyezwe ngokungqongqo.

9. Ulwazi lwezoThutho

Indlela yokupakisha: Faka kwiingxowa zeplastiki, utywine umlomo wengxowa, uze ufake kwisitya sentsimbi esiqinileyo esinobunzima obungekho ngaphantsi kwe-0.75 mm. Isigqubuthelo sombhobho sixinzelelwe ngokuqinileyo. Ubunzima bombhobho ngamnye bungama-50 kg; iibhotile zeglasi eziphothiweyo, iibhotile zeglasi ezinecapped, iibhotile zeplastiki okanye intsimbi

Oku ngasentla lulunye ulwazi olusisiseko malunga Isodium cyanide. Nceda uyifunde ngononophelo ukuba uyayifuna.