I-Sodium Cyanide: Ukusetyenziswa okuPhambili kwiMigodi naNgaphandle kwayo

Iyingozi kangakanani iSodium Cyanide?

Sodium i-cyanide ngumgubo omhlophe wekristale okanye iigranules ezi-hygroscopic kwaye zinevumba le-almond elikrakra. Inyibilika kakhulu emanzini kwaye ngokulula i-hydrolyzes ukwenza i-hydrogen cyanide, kunye nesisombululo sayo esimanzi sikwi-alkaline enamandla. Yimathiriyeli ekrwada esisiseko yeekhemikhali. Ngokucacileyo, iyityhefu egqithisileyo; ukudibana namanxeba esikhumba, ukuphefumla, okanye ukusela nokuba sisixa esincinci kunokukhokelela kwityhefu nokufa.

Ukusebenzisa i-LD50 echazwe ngokuqhelekileyo (idosi efunekayo ukubulala isiqingatha sezilwanyana zokuvavanya ngexesha elithile), i-arsenic ine-LD50 ye-14.6 mg / kg (ngomlomo kwiigundane), ngelixa. Isodium cyanide ine-LD50 ye-6.44 mg / kg (i-oral in rats). Oku kuthetha ukuba Isodium cyanide inamandla aphindwe kathathu kune-arsenic.

Eyona nto yoyikeka ngakumbi kukuba ezi ziyityhefu kakhulu iicyanides ukunyibilika ngokulula emanzini, okukhokelela kwimiphumo ekhawulezayo. Ukufa kungenzeka ngaphakathi kwemizuzu ye-15 ukuya kwiyure ye-1, ukushiya abaqeqeshi bezonyango benexesha elincinci lokuhlangula. Xa kuthelekiswa, i-arsenic yenza kancinci kancinci; iimpawu zisenokungabonakali de kube yiyure emva kokuba kutyiwe, kwaye ukufa kusenokuthi kwenzeke kwiiyure ezininzi okanye ngosuku kamva.

Ukusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso yeSodium Cyanide

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, izicelo ze sodium cyanide ziye zasasazeka ngokubanzi. Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ngokuyinhloko kwi-chemical synthesis, kubalwa malunga ne-40% yesabelo semarike; icandelo loxubo mayeza libalelwa kwi-10%; amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi amalunga ne-8%; kwaye i ishishini electroplating Ibalelwa malunga nama-20%. Ukusetyenziswa okuseleyo kukwimichiza elungileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngokukhula kwemfuno yegolide, imfuno yesodium cyanide kwimigodi inyuke kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-2013. ukuthengiswa kwe-sodium cyanide esetyenziselwa ukukhutshwa kwegolide kwakuyi-2 ukuya kwi-3 amaxesha e-2012. kunye nemarike ye-pesticide nayo ibone ukunyuka, ngokukodwa kwi-glyphosate kunye neemveliso ezifanayo.

1. Iidayi

Isodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza idayi. Idayi ezinokuthi zidityaniswe ngoku iquka iYellow 139. Yellow 150. indigo, brilliant blue, fluorescent whitening agent VBL, kunye ne Disperse Green GL, phakathi kwezinye.

2. Amayeza

I-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ama-pharmaceutical intermediate, ukubonelela ngemathiriyeli ekrwada ebalulekileyo kwiimveliso zokugqibela zamayeza. Iziyobisi eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-penicillin, i-pregabalin, i-ketoprofen, i-tranexamic acid, i-vitamin B6. i-folic acid, i-guanine, i-acyclovir, i-gabapentin, i-butyrophenone, i-barbiturates, i-fluoroquinolones, i-caffeine, i-cough suppressants, amayeza esisu, i-analgesics, i-berberine, i-atorvastatin, kunye ne-phenylpropanolamine.

3. Amayeza ezinambuzane

I-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa amayeza okubulala izitshabalalisi, asetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizityalo kunye nemifuno. I-pesticides eqhelekileyo iquka i-glyphosate, i-cypermethrin, i-paraquat, i-cyantraniliprole, i-sulfentrazone, i-pyraclostrobin, i-benzoylpropionic acid, i-oxime esters, i-atrazine, i-cyanazine, kunye nee-agent ezahlukeneyo zokulawula izifo zerayisi.

4. Ukuchongwa kombane

I-sodium cyanide inokwenza ii-complexes ezineentsimbi ezininzi, iyenza isetyenziswe ngokuqhelekileyo kwishishini le-electroplating njenge-electrolyte yobhedu, i-cadmium, i-zinc, kunye nesilivere. I-ion complexes yensimbi kwezi electrolytes zinokufaka phezu kwezinto zokusebenza, zenze ifilimu encinci ekhusela iimveliso zetsimbi.

5. Imigodi

I-sodium cyanide inamandla okunyibilikisa igolide kunye nesilivere, yenze i-soluble cyanide complexes, yiyo loo nto isetyenziselwa ukukhutshwa kwegolide, isilivere, kunye neentsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous. Kwimigodi yegolide ekumgangatho ophantsi, uninzi lwezitsalo zegolide zenziwa kusetyenziswa indlela ye "heap leaching" ngesodium cyanide. Le nkqubo yokutsalwa inenzuzo enkulu yeendleko. Indlela ye "heap leaching" ibandakanya ukutshiza isisombululo sesodium cyanide kwimfumba yentsimbi ekrwada, kuvumela amalungu ekujoliswe kuwo ukuba anyibilike kwisisombululo, apho igolide iphinda ibuyiswe. Nangona IiCyanides zibonwa njengee-arhente ezisebenzayo zokucheba igolide, ubume bazo obuyityhefu kakhulu buphakamisa inkxalabo, kwaye inkunkuma yecyanide inokonakalisa ngokumandla okusingqongileyo. Ke ngoko, iindlela ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-chlorination, i-asidi, kunye ne-carbon adsorption esebenzayo ye-catalytic oxidation, ziqeshwe e-China kunyango lwe-cyanide tailings. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokutsalwa kwegolide ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide-free kunye ne-low-cyanide enye.

6. Olunye Usetyenziso

Ukongeza kwezi zicelo zingentla, i-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukulungisa i-amino acids, i-L-carnitine, i-lactic acid, i-creatine, i-chelating agents, i-cyanate esters, i-Absorbers ye-UV, i-stabilizers yokukhanya, kunye neziqhumiso, phakathi kwezinye iimveliso zekhemikhali.

Isodium cyanide, umntu ngamnye unokuzikhusela njani?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yile:abantu abangaphandle kufuneka baphume kwindawo emalunga neekhilomitha ezi-2 ukusuka kwindawo yengozi kwaye banyuke umoya ukuthintela ukudibana nayo nayiphi na imichiza.

Ukuqhagamshelana nolusu:Ngokukhawuleza susa iingubo ezingcolileyo kwaye uhlambulule ngokucokisekileyo indawo echaphazelekayo ngamanzi asebenzayo okanye isisombululo se-5% ye-sodium thiosulfate ubuncinane imizuzu engama-20. Funa unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Uqhagamshelo lamehlo:Ngokukhawuleza uhlambulule amehlo ngamanzi amaninzi asebenzayo okanye isisombululo se-saline ubuncinane imizuzu eyi-15. Funa unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Inhalation: Ngokukhawuleza shiya indawo kwindawo enomoya omtsha. Ukuba kukho ubunzima bokuphefumla, nikezela ngeoksijini. Ukuba ukuphefumla kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo kuyeka, ngoko nangoko yenza ukuphefumla okwenziweyo (ungasebenzisi umlomo ukuya emlonyeni) kunye nokucinezelwa kwesifuba.

Ingestion: Sela umlinganiselo owaneleyo wamanzi ashushu ukuze wenze ukuba ugabhe. Sebenzisa isisombululo se-1: 5000 se-potassium permanganate okanye isisombululo se-5% ye-sodium thiosulfate yokuhlamba isisu. Funa unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ukufumana iingcebiso ezininzi zobuchwephesha? Qhagamshelana nathi!

Iingcebiso ezifudumeleyo:Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ulwazi oluthe kratya, njengokucaphula, iimveliso, izisombululo, njl.