Indima yoNcedo lokuLeaching kwiSodium Cyanide Gold Extraction

intshayelelo

I-Cyanide leaching kudala iyeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo ekutsalweni kwegolide ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo ayikho ngaphandle kwemingeni yayo, efana nesidingo samaxesha amade, aphezulu i-cyanide ukusetyenziswa, kunye nobukho beeminerali eziphikisayo ezinokuthintela ukuchithwa kwegolide. Kulapho Izixhobo zokuvuza yiza ekudlaleni. Izinto ezincedisa ukuvuza zizinto ezongeziweyo kwisisombululo se-cyanide sokuvuza ukuze kuphuculwe ukutsalwa kwegolide, kunika indlela esebenza ngempumelelo neendleko-esebenzayo ekumbiweni kwegolide.

Indlela iAids Leaching isebenza ngayo

Ukwandisa i-Oxygen eNyibilikayo

Omnye wemisebenzi ephambili yezinto ezininzi zokuncedisa ukukhupha i-oksijini echithwe kwisisombululo se-cyanide. Ukuze igolide inyibilike kwizisombululo ze-cyanide, ioksijini iyafuneka njenge-agent ye-oxidizing ukuququzelela i-oxidation yegolide kunye nokudibanisa kwayo okulandelayo kunye ne-cyanide ion. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, ioksijini ephuma emoyeni idla ngokungonelanga, nto leyo enciphisa umyinge wokunyibilika kwegolide. Izixhobo zokuvuza ezifana neeperoxides kunye ne-persulfates zinokophuka kwaye zikhulule ioksijini, ziqinisekise ukuxinana okuphezulu kweoksijini enyibilikisiweyo kudaka. Ngokomzekelo, i-hydrogen peroxide iyabola ukuze inike umthombo owongezelelweyo we-oksijini yokusabela phakathi kwegolide kunye ne-cyanide.

Ukwenza iiseli zeGalvanic (iityuwa zeMetal enzima)

Ezinye iityuwa zentsimbi enzima, njengeetyuwa ezilothe, I-MERCURY iityuwa, kunye neetyuwa ze-bismuth, zinokusebenza njengezixhobo zokuvuza ngokudala iiseli zegalvanic zendawo. Xa zifakwe kwi-cyanide slurry, ezi zinyithi zinzima zibeka phezu kwamasuntswana egolide. Oku kudala umahluko onokubakho phakathi kwegolide kunye nentsimbi enzima efakiweyo, ekhawulezisa ukuchithwa kwegolide. Igolide isebenza njenge-anode apho kwenzeka khona i-oxidation, kwaye indawo enentsimbi enzima isebenza njenge-cathode. Le electrochemical - inkqubo efana nesantya kakhulu isantya igolide leached.

I-Chelation kunye nokususwa kokungcola

Ezinye izixhobo zokucoca zinokubopha okanye zisuse ukungcola okukhoyo kwintsimbi ekrwada enokuphazamisana nenkqubo yokukhutshwa kwecyanide. Kwii-ore eziqulethe ii-ion zetsimbi ezifana nobhedu, i-zinc, i-iron, obu kungcola bunokusabela nge-cyanide, ukuyidla kunye nokunciphisa inani elikhoyo lokuchithwa kwegolide. I-Chelating agents kwi-leaching aids zenza ii-complexes ezizinzileyo kunye nala ma-ion angcolileyo, agcinwe kude kunye nokuthintela ukusabela kwabo nge-cyanide. Oku akunciphisi kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kodwa kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yegolide.

Iindidi zoNcedo lweLeaching kunye neendima zazo ezithe ngqo

Iiarhente zeOxidizing

1.Iiperoxide

• Ihydrogen peroxide: Iperoksayidi yeHydrojeni yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zisetyenziswa ngokukhupha ioxidizing. Inokunyusa ngokukhawuleza umxholo we-oksijini ochithwe kwisisombululo se-cyanide. Kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso, ukongeza i-hydrogen peroxide kwinkqubo ye-cyanide leaching inokunciphisa kakhulu ixesha lokuvuza. Umzekelo, kweminye imigodi yegolide, ixesha lokuvuza linokuncitshiswa ukuya kutsho kuma-50% xa i-hydrogen peroxide isetyenziswa njengoncedo lokuvuza. Ikwanceda ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide njengoko i-oxidation eyandisiweyo yegolide ivumela ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-cyanide.

• I-calcium peroxide: I-calcium peroxide iluncedo kakhulu kwi-ores enomxholo ophezulu wesulfure. Ibola ngokucothayo kunehydrogen peroxide, inika ioksijini eyongezelelekileyo. Ukongeza, inokunciphisa ukubola kwe-cyanide ngesulfure equlethe iiminerali. Kwizinto ezikrwada zegolide zesulfure eziphezulu, ukusebenzisa i-calcium peroxide njengesixhobo sokuvuza kunokukhokelela ekunyukeni kwe-10 - 15% ekufumaneni igolide xa kuthelekiswa nokuvuzwa kwecyanide yesintu.

• I-Peroxide yeBarium: I-Barium peroxide inepropati ekhethekileyo yokubonelela ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhululwa okuzinzileyo kwe-oksijini. Oku kuqinisekisa ugxininiso oluhlala luphezulu lweoksijini enyibilikileyo kwi-slurry ixesha elide. Izinga lokuchithwa kwegolide linyuka ngokuhambelana nokunyuka kwe-barium peroxide ukongeza, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kuhlala kuzinzile. Kwakhona kulula ukuyilungisa kunye nokusebenzisa kwimisebenzi yemigodi ebonakalayo.

2.IiPersulfates

• I-Persulfates zi-oxidizing agents ezinamandla. Xa zongezwa kwi-cyanide leaching system, ziyaqhekeka ukuze zenze i-reactive sulfate radicals. Ezi radicals zinokufaka igolide ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi kuneoksijini yemolekyuli, ekhokelela ekwenyukeni okubonakalayo kwinqanaba legolide. Kwezinye iimeko, isantya sokunyibilika kwegolide sinokunyuswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-8 - ngokuphindwe xa kuthelekiswa nesiqhelo se-cyanide leaching enomoya njengomthombo weoksijini.

Iityuwa zeMetal enzima

1.Iityuwa ezikhokelayo

• Iityuwa zelothe zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-cyanide leaching. Kwii-ores eziqulethe iiminerali ze-sulfide ezifana ne-pyrite kunye ne-arsenopyrite, ezi zimbiwa zinokusabela nge-cyanide kunye ne-oksijini, zizidle kwaye zinciphise ukusebenza kakuhle kwegolide. Iityuwa zelothe zinokwenza umaleko odlulayo kumphezulu weeminerali zesulfide, zithintele ukusabela kwazo ngecyanide kunye neoksijini. Ngelo xesha, ukukhokela kunokwenza iseli ye-galvanic ngegolide, ikhuthaza ukuchithwa kwegolide. Kwiplanti yaseKhanada yecyanide, ngokongeza iityuwa zelothe kunye nokugcina ioksijini enyityilisiweyo ngokufanelekileyo, iziphumo ezibi zeeminerali zesulfide kwicyanidation zoyiswa ngempumelelo, okukhokelele kukwanda kwe-10 - 15% yokufunyanwa kwegolide.

2.Iityuwa zeMercury kunye neBismuth

• Iityuwa zeMercury kunye neetyuwa ze-bismuth zinokusebenza njenge-accelerator kwi-cyanide leaching. Ngokufana neetyuwa ezikhokelayo, zinokwenza iiseli ze-galvanic ngegolide, ziphucula izinga lokukhupha. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yetyhefu ye Mercury kunye neendleko eziphezulu zebismuth, ukusetyenziswa kwazo kuncinci ngakumbi xa kuthelekiswa neetyuwa zelothe. Kodwa kwezinye iimeko apho i-ore ineempawu ezizodwa, ezi tyuwa zisenokuthi zithathwe njengezixhobo ezisebenzayo zokukhupha.

Iiarhente zeChelating kunye nabanye

1.Citric Acid

• I-citric acid ingasetyenziswa njengoncedo lokuvuza Ukukhutshwa kwegolide ye-cyanide. Kwii-ore eziqulethe i-ion zetsimbi ezifana nobhedu, i-zinc, i-iron, ezi ionni zinokutya i-cyanide kunye ne-oxygen, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwegolide. I-asidi ye-citric inokubopha kunye nale ion yensimbi, yenze ii-complexes ezizinzileyo. Ngokomzekelo, yenza i-copper - citrate complex. Oku akunciphisi kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kunye neoksijini ngezi ion zokungcola kodwa ikwanceda ekusasazeni iiminerali ze-ganggue, kuphuculwe indawo yonke yokucoca. Kwezinye iimvavanyo zaselabhoratri, ukongeza i-citric acid kwisisombululo se-cyanide leaching kwandisa ukubuyiswa kwegolide nge-5 - 10%.

2.Ammonia - esekelwe Compounds

• Kwezinye iimeko, iikhompawundi ezisekelwe kwi-ammonia zingasetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokucoca, ngakumbi kwi-ores equkethe ubhedu - iiminerali zegolide. I-ammonia inokwenza ii-complex kunye ne-ion zethusi, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kobhedu kwi-cyanide leaching yegolide. Ngokulungelelanisa umlinganiselo we-ammonia - cyanide kwisisombululo se-leaching, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhethe ukunyibilikisa igolide ngelixa unciphisa ukuchithwa kobhedu, okunenzuzo kwiinkqubo zokubuyisela igolide ezilandelayo.

Amatyala okufaka isicelo

1.KuMgodi weGolide eOstreliya

• Lo mgodi wawulungisa intsimbi ekrwada yegolide yesulfure yodidi oluphantsi. Ngokusebenzisa indibaniselwano ye-hydrogen peroxide kunye neetyuwa ezikhokelayo njengezixhobo zokuvuza, uphuculo olubonakalayo luye lwaphunyezwa. Izinga legolide leencitshisiweyo linyuke nge-8 - 10% xa kuthelekiswa nokuhlanjululwa kwecyanide eqhelekileyo. Ukongezwa kwehydrogen peroxide kunikeze ioksijini eyongezelelekileyo, kwandisa i-oxidation yegolide, ngelixa iityuwa zelothe zithintela impembelelo engalunganga yeeminerali zesulfide. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kuye kwancitshiswa malunga ne-20%, okukhokelela ekongeni kweendleko.

2.UMgodi weGolide waseTshayina Ojongene Nezikrweqe Ezikrwada Ezintsonkothileyo

• Intsimbi ekrwada kulo mgodi yayinomlinganiselo ophezulu wokungcola kobhedu nentsimbi. Ngokusebenzisa i-citric acid njengoncedo lwe-leaching kwinkqubo ye-cyanide leaching, izinga lokubuyisela igolide lenyuke ukusuka kuma-70% ukuya kuma-78%. I-asidi ye-citric eboshwe ngobhedu kunye ne-iron ions, ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwabo kwi-gold-cyanide reaction. Ixesha le-leaching nalo lancitshiswa kancinane, nto leyo eyaphucula imveliso iyonke yokusebenza kwemigodi.

Iingqwalasela zokuKhetha kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo zokuLeaching

Iimpawu ze-1.Ore

• Ukwakhiwa kwentsimbi ekrwada kubalulekile ekumiseleni uncedo olululo lwe-leaching. Kwizinto ezixutywe nesalfure eziphezulu, ii-oxidizing agents ezifana ne-calcium peroxide okanye i-barium peroxide zisenokufaneleka ngakumbi njengoko zingenako ukubonelela ngeoksijini kuphela kodwa zikwanciphisa neempembelelo ezimbi zesulfure. Kwii-ores ezinamazinga aphezulu e-ion zetsimbi ezingcolileyo, i-chelating agents ezifana ne-citric acid okanye i-ammonia-based based compounds kufuneka ziqwalaselwe.

2.Indleko - ukusebenza kakuhle

• Iindleko zoncedo lwe-leaching, kubandakanywa nexabiso lokuthenga, ukuthutha, kunye nokugcinwa, kufuneka zihlolwe. Ezinye izixhobo zokucoca, ezinjengeetyuwa zebismuth, zinokusebenza kodwa zibe nexabiso eliphezulu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ibhalansi phakathi kweendleko kunye nokuphuculwa kokubuyiswa kwegolide kufuneka kubethelwe. Ukongeza, ukuncitshiswa kokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kunye nexesha lokuvuza ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuncedisa kufuneka kufakwe kwindleko - uhlalutyo olusebenzayo.

3.Impembelelo yokuSingqongileyo

• Ekubeni i-cyanide leaching sele inenkxalabo yokusingqongileyo ngenxa yetyhefu ye-cyanide, ukhetho lwe-leaching aid kufuneka luqwalasele impembelelo yayo yokusingqongileyo. Umzekelo, ezinye ii-oxidizing agents zinokuvelisa - iimveliso ezifuna ukunyangwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe mercury Iityuwa, nangona zisebenza kwezinye iimeko, zithintelwe kakhulu ngenxa yobutyhefu kunye neengozi zendalo.

isiphelo

Izixhobo zokuncedisa zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekutsalweni kwegolide yecyanide. Banokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo ye-leaching ngokunyusa ukubuyiswa kwegolide, ukunciphisa ixesha lokucoca, kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide. Ngokuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuncedisa, iindlela zabo zokusebenza, kunye nendlela yokukhetha ezona zifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ze-ore, abasebenzi basezimayini zegolide banokwandisa imisebenzi yabo. Njengoko imfuno yegolide iqhubeka ikhula, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuncedisa kwi-cyanide leaching kuya kusasazeka ngakumbi, kube negalelo kwiindlela ezizinzileyo nezisebenzayo zokumbiwa kwegolide.