I-Sodium cyanide Leaching Effective: Izinto ezinempembelelo kunye noBuchule bokuPhucula

intshayelelo

I-cyanide leaching, ngakumbi nge sodium cyanide, kudala yaba lilitye lembombo ekutsalweni kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo, ngakumbi igolide nesilivere, kwimizimba yentsimbi. Ukususela ekusekweni kwayo kwimizi-mveliso ngo-1887. le ndlela yamkelwa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kunye neendleko - ukusebenza kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo intsonkothile, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi. Ukuqonda le miba kubalulekile ekwandiseni ukubuyiswa kwesinyithi kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza kwimigodi kunye namashishini esinyithi.

Umgaqo weSodium Cyanide Leaching

Sodium benqanda, ikhompawundi engenambala kunye netyhefu kakhulu, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokukhupha. Kwisisombululo samanzi, phantsi kwe-alkali

iimeko ze-e (ngokuqhelekileyo zigcinwa ngokufaka ikalika), i-cyanide ion (CN⁻) isabela ngegolide (Au) kunye nesilivere (Ag) phambi kwe-oxygen. Ukusabela kweekhemikhali ngokubanzi kwi-cyanidation yegolide kunokumelwa ngolu hlobo:

4Au + 8CN⁻+ O₂ + 2H₂O → 4[Au(CN)₂]⁻ + 4OH⁻

Oku kusabela kwenzeka kwi-electrochemical corrosion - ngendlela efanayo. I-oksijeni isebenza njenge-oxidizing agent, iququzelela ukuchithwa kwegolide kwisisombululo njenge-ion cyanide ion, [Au(CN)₂]⁻. Ngokufanayo, isilivere ilandela indlela yokusabela efanayo.

Izinto ezinempembelelo kwiCyanide Leaching Effective

Iimpawu zeOre

1.Ubungakanani beNgxelo

• Ubungakanani besuntswana lokusila lentsimbi ekrwada bubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphambili ukukhutshwa kwecyanide, iintsimbi ezikrwada kufuneka zilungiswe kwangaphambili ngokutyunyuzwa, ukuhluzwa, ukucolwa, kunye nokuhlelwa. Kwizinto ezikrwada ezineentsimbi ezicolekileyo okanye ezigqunyiweyo ezixabisekileyo, ukugaya okufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukufezekisa ukwahlukaniswa kwe-monomer. Ukuba intsimbi igqithile emhlabeni, ayinyusi iindleko zokusila kuphela kodwa ibeka nemingcipheko yokuzisa ubumdaka obuvulelekayo kumrhaji. Ukongeza, ukucola okugqithisileyo kunokuthintela ukwahlulwa kolwelo oluqinileyo, okukhokelela kwinkunkuma yecyanide kunye nelahleko yegolide enyityilisiweyo. Umzekelo, xa ujongene neentsimbi zegolide ezinegolide ecikizekileyo efakwe ngaphakathi kwaye igqunyelelwe, ubungakanani besuntswana lokusila elingama-38 μm kunye nomlinganiselo womxholo we-75% uhlala uqinisekisa ukulingana okuhle phakathi kwesiphumo kunye neendleko.

• Kwelinye icala, ukuba amasuntswana arhabaxa kakhulu, indawo engaphezulu ekhoyo ukuze i-cyanide isabele ngesinyithi esixabisekileyo ilinganiselwe, nto leyo ebangela ukuba i-leaching ingaphelelanga kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokutsalwa.

2.Izimbiwa

• Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-ores zinemizobo yemineralogical eyahlukileyo. I-ores equkethe amanqanaba aphezulu obhedu, i-arsenic, i-antimony, isulfure, okanye i-carbon ingabangela imingeni kwi-cyanide leaching. Ngokomzekelo, ubhedu lunokwenza iikhompawundi zecyanide ezintsonkothileyo, ezikhuphisana negolide kunye nesilivere kwiiyoni zecyanide. I-Arsenic kunye ne-antimony nayo inokusabela kunye ne-cyanide kunye ne-oksijini, i-reagents edlayo kunye nokuvimbela ukukhutshwa kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo. I-sulfide - ore ezityebileyo zinokufuna unyango lwangaphambili, olufana nokuqhotsa okanye i-bio-oxidation, ukuveza isinyithi esixabisekileyo esivaliweyo kunye nokususa isulfure, enokuthi iphazamise inkqubo ye-cyanidation.

IiReagents zeMichiza

1.Cyanide Concentration

• Isixa Isodium cyanide okongeziweyo kuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching. Kuluhlu oluthile, ugxininiso lwe-cyanide lulingana nesantya sokuvuza kwi-pulp ore. Ukuba umxholo we-cyanide uphantsi kakhulu, isiphumo segolide kunye nesilivere se-leaching sibi, kwaye inkqubo iyacotha, ifaka iindleko zexesha ezingadingekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, xa isixa se-cyanide sigqithise, emva kokuba ukusebenza kakuhle kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kufikelele kwinqanaba elithile, ukunyuka okungaphezulu kokugxininiswa kwe-cyanide akukhokeleli kuphuculo olubonakalayo ekuphumeni, okukhokelela kwinkcitho ye-cyanide kunye nokwanda kweendleko zemveliso. Umzekelo, xa ukhupha igolide egxininise kwi-finely-embedded - i-particle-size ores yegolide, a Isodium cyanide umthamo we-1.5 - 3.0 kg / t uhlala ufanelekile ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, kwimveliso eyiyo, idosi efanelekileyo kufuneka imiselwe ngokusekwe kwiimpawu ezithile zentsimbi ekrwada kunye novavanyo lokuzuza.

2.Ikalika (ialkalinity)

• Ikalika yongezwa kwisisombululo se-cyanide njenge-alkali ekhuselayo. Kuba iiyoni zecyanide kwisisombululo zineempawu zekhemikhali ezingazinzanga kwaye zinokuguquka ngokulula njengegesi yehydrogen cyanide, ukugcina ialkalinity efanelekileyo kubalulekile. Ukongeza ikalika kwisisombululo se-cyanidation kunceda ukugcina i-pulp kwi-pH efanelekileyo. Ngokohlalutyo lovavanyo, izinga lokuvuzwa kwegolide nalo liphuculwe kakhulu emva kokufakwa kwekalika. Xa isixa sekalika esongeziweyo siyi-2 kg/t nangaphezulu, ixabiso le-pH yepulp lidla ngokuba phakathi kwe-11 ukuya kwe-12.

Iimeko zeNkqubo

1.Ukuxinana koLudaka

• Ukuxinwa kwe-pulp ye-leaching kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isantya se-leaching kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezinto ezixabisekileyo zetsimbi. Ngokubanzi, i-pulp ye-leaching ephantsi yoxinaniso enolwelo olululo ivumela ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-leaching yegolide kunye nesilivere. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokufuna ukwanda kwenani lee-reagents ezongeziweyo, kunye nobukhulu bezixhobo ezinkulu kunye neendleko eziphezulu zotyalo-mali. Ukulungelelanisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo kunye neendleko zemveliso, ugxininiso oluludaka olufanelekileyo kufuneka lumiselwe. Kwizinto ezikrwada ezinobukhulu obucokisekileyo bamasuntswana, ukugcinwa koxinzelelo lwepulp malunga ne-20% - 33% kusoloko kuqinisekisa isiphumo esilungileyo sokuvuza. Ukuba ugxininiso luphezulu kunolu luhlu, ukusebenza kakuhle kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo kunokuncipha kunokuba kunyuke. Kwimveliso yangempela, ugxininiso lunokulungelelaniswa ngokweemeko ezithile, kodwa akufanele lubekwe phezulu kakhulu.

2.Ixesha leLeaching

• Ixesha le-leaching liyinto ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation. Ukukhetha ixesha elifanelekileyo le-leaching liyimfuneko ukunyibilika ngokupheleleyo iincinci zentsimbi ezixabisekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngelixa iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo zinyibilika, ezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kwi-pulp ziyaqhubeka nokunyibilika, ezinokuchaphazela izinga lokuchithwa kwegolide nesilivere. Ukwandisa ixesha le-leaching kungekhona nje ukuba luncedo ekuchithweni kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kodwa kufuna izixhobo ezinkulu kunye neendawo ezininzi, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa iindleko zokuvelisa. Kwizinto ezikrwada ezinobukhulu obucokisekileyo bamasuntswana, ukugcina ixesha le-cyanidation leaching malunga neeyure ezi-4 kudla ngokuba yeyona nto ilungileyo. Ukuba ixesha le-leaching lidlula iiyure ezingama-24, ukukhutshwa kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kunokuvinjelwa, kwaye ukuxinwa kwee-ion zensimbi ezixabisekileyo kwisisombululo kunokuncipha.

3.Ubonelelo ngeoksijini

• Njengoko kuboniswe kwi-equation ye-chemical reaction equation, i-oksijini yinto ebalulekileyo yokusabela kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation. Ukubonelela ngeoksijini okwaneleyo kukhuthaza i-oxidation yegolide kunye nesilivere, ukukhawuleza ukusabela kwe-cyanidation. Kwiimeko zemizi-mveliso, umoya udla ngokugqabhuka kwi-pulp leaching ukubonelela ngeoksijini. Ukuba unikezelo lwe-oksijini alwanelanga, isantya sokuphendula siya kuthotha, sinciphise ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching.

4.Iimeko zokuphazamiseka

• I-Agitation isetyenziselwa ukwandisa uqhagamshelwano phakathi kwamasuntswana e-ore, isisombululo se-cyanide, kunye ne-oxygen. Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuphazamiseka zingaphucula izinga lokusabela ngokuqinisekisa ukuxutywa okungcono kunye nokusasazwa kwee-reagents. Nangona kunjalo, ukuphazamiseka okugqithisileyo kunokubangela ukonakala koomatshini kumasuntswana e-ore kwaye kunokukhokelela ekwandeni kokusetyenziswa kwamandla.

IziCwangciso zokuSebenza

Ore Pretreatment

1.UkuPhuculwa kokuSila

• Ukuphumeza umgaqo "wokutyumza ngakumbi kunye nokugaya ngaphantsi" kunokuncedisa ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye nomngcipheko wokugaya kakhulu. Ubuchwephesha bokusila obuphezulu, obufana nemigangatho emininzi yokusila kunye nokusetyenziswa koncedo oluphezulu lokusila, kunokuqeshwa ukufezekisa ukuhanjiswa kobungakanani bamasuntswana afunekayo ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi.

2.Pre - unyango lweMinerali eyiNgxaki

• Kwi-ores equkethe amanqanaba aphezulu amaminerali aphazamisayo, iindlela zonyango zangaphambili kufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ukugcada kungasetyenziselwa ukususa isulfure kunye nokukhupha ezinye zeeminerali ezichasayo, ukwenza iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo zifikeleleke ngakumbi kwicyanide. I-Bio-oxidation, esebenzisa i-microorganisms ukudiliza iiminerali ze-sulfide, ikwayindlela ehambelana nokusingqongileyo kwezinye iintlobo ze-ores.

Ulawulo lweReagent

1.Cyanide Optimization

• Ukuqhuba iimvavanyo ezithe rhoqo nezichanekileyo zokufumana i-beneficiation ukumisela idosi ye-cyanide efanelekileyo kwiibhetshi ezahlukeneyo ze-ores kubalulekile. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kwezinye ii-reagents ezisekwe kwi-cyanide okanye ukongezwa kwee-activators kunokuphononongwa ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching ngelixa kuncitshiswa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide. Ngokomzekelo, uphando oluthile lubonise ukuba ukongeza i-surfactants ethile kunokuphucula ukumanzisa kunye nokusabela kwe-cyanide ngamasuntswana ore.

2.Ulawulo lwealkalinity

• Qhubeka ubeka iliso kwaye ulungelelanise i-pH ye-pulp leaching ukuze ugcine uluhlu olufanelekileyo lwe-alkalinity. Iinkqubo zokulawula i-pH ezizenzekelayo zingafakelwa ukuqinisekisa ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko we-cyanide volatilization kunye nokwandisa indawo yokucoca.

Inkqubo yeParameter Optionation

1.Uhlengahlengiso lweNxibelelwano lweSlurry

• Faka abenzi boluvo ukujonga ukugxininiswa kwe-slurry ngexesha lokwenyani kwaye ulungelelanise umlinganiselo wamanzi ukuya kwi-ore ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kunokudityaniswa kwisixokelelwano solawulo oluzenzekelayo ukugcina ugxininiso olululo olululo olululo ukwenzela ukuvuza okusebenzayo.

2.Leaching Time Optimization

• Sebenzisa iindlela zangempela zokubeka iliso, ezifana nokuhlalutya ukuxinwa kwee-ion zetsimbi ezixabisekileyo kwisisombululo ngexesha le-leaching, ukugqiba isiphelo esifanelekileyo - indawo yenkqubo yokucoca. Oku kunokuthintela ukonga kakhulu kwaye konge ixesha kunye nezibonelelo.

3.I-Oxygen kunye ne-Agitation Optimization

• Faka i-oxygen sensors ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwe-oksijeni okwaneleyo kunye nokuzinza. Lungisa isantya sesiphithiphithi esisekwe kwiimpawu zentsimbi ekrwada kunye nenqanaba lokuvuza ukuze kuphunyezwe eyona bhalansi ilungileyo phakathi kokusebenza kokusabela kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.

isiphelo

Ukusebenza kwe-sodium cyanide leaching kwi-extraction yentsimbi exabisekileyo kuphenjelelwa yintsebenziswano entsonkothileyo ye-ore enxulumene, enxulumene ne-reagent, kunye nenkqubo-enxulumene nemiba. Ngokuqonda ezi zinto kunye nokuphumeza izicwangciso ezifanelekileyo zokuphucula, imigodi kunye namashishini e-metallurgical anokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching, ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso, kunye nokunciphisa iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide. Uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nokwenziwa ngokutsha kwetekhnoloji kulo mmandla kubalulekile ukuhlangabezana nemfuno ekhulayo yeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ngendlela ezinzileyo nesebenzayo.n