I-Sodium Cyanide: Isitshixo sokuSebenza ngokuSebenzayo kunye neNdleko eNgenelisayo yeBanga eliPhantsi lokutsalwa kweGolide

Kwinkalo yemigodi yegolide, ukutsalwa kwegolide kwi-ores ekumgangatho ophantsi bekusoloko kungumsebenzi onzima. Nangona kunjalo, ngokufika kobugcisa obutsha kunye neendlela, iye yaba yinto enokwenzeka ngakumbi kwaye inoqoqosho. Enye indlela enjalo eye yaguqula ukutsalwa kwegolide kwi-ores yomgangatho ophantsi kukusetyenziswa Isodium cyanide. Eli nqaku lijonga ukuba njani Isodium cyanide yenza utsalo olusebenzayo nolungabizi kakhulu kwiintsimbi zegolide zomgangatho ophantsi.

Indlela yesiNtu: iCyanidation

The Cyanidation indlela, ebandakanya ukusebenzisa sodium cyanide kuba Ukutsalwa kwegolide, inembali ende. Ukusukela kwisicelo sayo sokuqala ngo-1887 sokukhupha igolide nesilivere, yamkelwa ngokubanzi kushishino lwegolide kwihlabathi kwaye isabambe isikhundla esiqhelekileyo. Le nkqubo ilula noko. Kwimeko ye-ores yegolide ephantsi, inkqubo eqhelekileyo kukulungisa kuqala i-ore. Intsimbi ekrwada idla ngokutyunyuzwa ngokobungakanani obufanelekileyo ukunyusa umgangatho wayo, oququzelela ukusabela nge i-cyanide isisombululo. Emva koko, isisombululo se-cyanide, ngokuqhelekileyo i-sodium cyanide echithwa emanzini, iyaziswa. Igolide ekwintsimbi ekrwada idibana neeyoni zecyanide xa kukho ioksijini ukuze zenze iicomplexes zegolide ezinyibilikayo zecyanide. Umzekelo, ukusabela kweekhemikhali kungenziwa lula ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂] + 4NaOH. Oku kuvumela igolide ukuba inyibilike kwaye ihlulwe kwi-matrix ye-ore.

Izinto eziluncedo zokuSebenzisa i-Sodium Cyanide kwi-Low-Grade Gold Extraction

UkuPhumelela okuPhezulu

Isodium cyanide inobudlelwane obuphezulu begolide. Inokukhetha ukunyibilikisa igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada, nokuba isiqulatho segolide siphantsi. Oku kukhetha kubalulekile njengoko kuvumela ukutsalwa kwegolide kwintsimbi ekrwada apho ezinye izimbiwa zinokubakho ngobungakanani obukhulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokutsalwa, i-cyanidation enesodium cyanide inokufikelela kumazinga aphezulu okubuyisela igolide. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kubume bentsimbi ekrwada, amazinga okubuyisela ama-50 ukuya kuma-80% okanye ade afikelele kuma-90% anokuphunyezwa. Oku kusebenza kakuhle kuthetha ukuba igolide eninzi inokukhutshwa kwixabiso elifanayo le-ore ye-low-grade ore, ukwandisa ixabiso lobutyebi.

Ukusebenza kweNdleko

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide ekutsalweni kwegolide ekumgangatho ophantsi kukusebenza kwayo kakuhle. Inkqubo iyonke ye-cyanidation ithe ngqo. Ayifuni izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo nezixabisa kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokutsalwa. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-heap leaching operation, eyindlela eqhelekileyo yokucubungula i-ores yegolide ephantsi kusetyenziswa i-sodium cyanide, iimfuno eziphambili yindawo efanelekileyo yokukhupha, inkqubo yokutshiza isisombululo se-cyanide, kunye nezixhobo zokuqokelela isisombululo esikhulelweyo. Oku kulula kwizixhobo kunye nenkqubo kunciphisa zombini utyalo-mali lwenkunzi yokuqala kunye neendleko zokusebenza. Ukongeza, ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu le-sodium cyanide ngokwayo, xa lithelekiswa nezinye ii-reagents zokutsalwa ezikhethekileyo, linegalelo ngakumbi ekusebenzeni kweendleko zenkqubo.

Imingeni kunye nezisombululo ekuSetyenzisweni kweSodium Cyanide

Ukuphazamiseka kweArsenic

Kwinkqubo yokugcoba kunye ne-cyaniding ye-concentrate yegolide, i-arsenic yeyona nto inokuchaphazela izinga le-cyanide leaching yegolide nesilivere. Xa umxholo we-arsenic kwi-concentrate yegolide usanda, izinga lokutsalwa kwegolide kunye nesilivere usebenzisa i-sodium cyanide iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe. Nangona kunjalo, izisombululo ziye zaphuhliswa ukulungisa lo mba. Ukongeza i-4% ukuya kwi-5% ye-sodium sulfate kwisampulu ye-ore ngexesha lokutshisa kunokunyusa ngokufanelekileyo izinga le-cyanide leaching yegolide kunye nesilivere kwi-arsenic equlethe igolide. Olu hlengahlengiso kwinkqubo yokugaya kunceda ukunciphisa impembelelo embi ye-arsenic kunye nokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo ye-cyanidation.

IiNkalo zokusiNgqongileyo noKhuseleko

I-Cyanide yinto enobungozi, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokuthuthwa kwayo kuneemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu. Inkunkuma ye-sodium cyanide inokubangela amazinga ahlukeneyo ongcoliseko kwindalo esingqongileyo. Ukujongana neengxaki zendalo ezinxulumene nenkunkuma ye-sodium cyanide, unyango lwe-hydrogen peroxide lunokusetyenziswa. Le yinkqubo yokunyibilikisa i-oxidation kunye nokubola. Xa i-hydrogen peroxide idibana nenkunkuma ye-sodium cyanide, i-sodium biICarbonkuveliswa igesi ye-atomic kunye ne-ammonia. Le ndlela ineenzuzo zokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokonga imali ekunyangweni kwenkunkuma ye-cyanide.

Ngokuphathelele ukhuseleko, iiprothokholi ezingqongqo zikhona. I-sodium cyanide yikhemikhali ekhethekileyo efuna ilayisenisi yokungenisa elizweni kunye nesiqinisekiso somsebenzisi wokugqibela phambi kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Ngexesha lokugcinwa kunye nokusetyenziswa, akufanele kufakwe kunye ne-acids, i-nitrites, i-nitrate, kunye nezinye izinto, njengoko ukuveza kwindawo ene-acidic kuya kunciphisa umgangatho wemveliso kunye nesiphumo sokusetyenziswa. Kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo enomoya kunye neyomileyo, ngokukhethekileyo kwindawo yokugcina impahla okanye kwikhabhinethi ekhethekileyo evaliwe kabini. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo, ukugcinwa, kunye nokulawulwa kobushushu kunye nokufuma kwendawo yokugcina kuyimfuneko, kunye nemilinganiselo efanelekileyo yokukhupha umoya okanye yokunciphisa. Indawo yokugcina kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngeemaski zegesi ezihambelanayo, iimaski, izixhobo zokuzikhusela, kunye nezixhobo zokucima umlilo.

Izifundo ze-Sodium Cyanide kwi-Low-Grade yeGold Extraction

Isicelo seZijin Mining kwiZijinshan Gold Mine

I-Zijin Mining isebenzise ngempumelelo indlela ye-cyanidation isebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kwi-Zijinshan Gold Mine. Ngokutshiza isisombululo se-cyanide (isisombululo se-sodium cyanide) kwi-ores yegolide etyumkileyo ephantsi, baye bakwazi ukukhupha igolide ngexabiso eliphantsi. Esi sicelo asisebenzisanga kuphela amandla okumbiwa kwegolide ekumgangatho ophantsi kwindawo kodwa sikwanike iZijin Mining inzuzo enkulu yeendleko kwimarike yegolide. Ukuphunyezwa kwabo okuyimpumelelo kubonisa ukusebenza okusebenzayo kokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kwi-low-grade yegolide yokutsalwa komsebenzi wemigodi yehlabathi.

IGlobal Prevalence of Cyanidation kwi-Low-Grade Gold Mines

Ehlabathini lonke, imigodi yegolide ekumgangatho ophantsi ixhomekeke kwicyanidation ngesodium cyanide. Kwimimandla enjengoMntla Merika, uMzantsi Merika, neOstreliya, apho kukho oovimba begolide ekudidi oluphantsi, icyanidation yindlela esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Le migodi iye yaphucula inkqubo yokulungelelanisa ukusebenza kakuhle, iindleko, kunye neenkxalabo zokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko. Bahlala betyala imali kuphando kunye nophuhliso lokuphucula inkqubo ye-cyanidation, njengokulawulwa ngcono koxinzelelo lwe-cyanide, iindlela ezisebenzayo zokulungiselela i-ore, kunye neendlela eziphambili zokunyanga inkunkuma ye-cyanide, zonke ezijolise ekwandiseni iingenelo zokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide kwibakala eliphantsi lokutsalwa kwegolide.

isiphelo

Isodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekutsalweni kwegolide ngendlela esebenzayo nenexabiso eliphantsi kwi-ore yomgangatho ophantsi. Nangona imingeni ehambelana nokusetyenziswa kwayo, njengokuphazamiseka kwe-arsenic kunye nokukhathazeka kokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko, kunye nezisombululo ezifanelekileyo zobuchwepheshe kunye nokhuseleko olungqongqo kunye nokulawulwa kokusingqongileyo, inkqubo ye-cyanidation ihlala enye yezona zinto zikhethwa kakhulu kwimigodi yegolide ephantsi. Njengoko imfuno yegolide iqhubeka ikhula kwaye idiphozithi zegolide ezikumgangatho ophezulu zinqongophala, ukubaluleka kokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ukuvula ixabiso leentsimbi zegolide ezikumgangatho ophantsi kuya kunyuka kuphela. Iinkampani zemigodi kunye nabaphandi baya kuqhubeka nokwenza izinto ezintsha kule ndawo ukuqhubela phambili ukukhulisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide kusetyenziswa i-sodium cyanide.