Indima ebalulekileyo yeSodium Cyanide kwiiNkqubo ze-Electroplating

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I-Electroplating yinkqubo esetyenziswa kakhulu kwezoshishino yokufaka umaleko omncinci wesinyithi kwi-substrate ngeendlela ze-electrochemical. Le nkqubo ayiphuculi nje kuphela imbonakalo yobuhle be-substrate kodwa ikwaphucula ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kunye nezinye iimpawu zoomatshini. I-Sodium cyanide , ikhompawundi esabela kakhulu kwaye inetyhefu, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizicelo ezininzi ze-Electroplating . Eli nqaku lijonga imisebenzi ethile kunye nokubaluleka kwe- Sodium cyanide kwiinkqubo ze-electroplating.

Ukuntsonkotha kwe-Agent Function

Enye yezona ndima ziphambili zeSodium Cyanide (NaCN) kwi-electroplating kukusebenza njenge-complexing agent. Kwiibhafu ze-electroplating, ii-ion zesinyithi ezivela kwisisombululo se-plating kufuneka zithuthwe ziye kumphezulu we-substrate ukuze zifakwe. Nangona kunjalo, ii-ion zesinyithi ezikhululekileyo kwisisombululo zinokukhokelela ekufakweni ngokukhawuleza nangokungalinganiyo, okubangela ukuba iingubo zibe kumgangatho ophantsi. I-sodium cyanide isabela kunye nee-ion zesinyithi, ezifana ne-copper, i-zinc, igolide, kunye nesilivere, ukuze zenze ii-complexes ze-metal-cyanide ezizinzileyo.

Umzekelo, kwibhafu ye-electroplating ye-copper-electroplating, i-sodium cyanide idibana nee-ion ze-copper. I-copper-cyanide complex ephumayo izinzile ngakumbi kwisisombululo xa ithelekiswa nee-ion ze-copper ezikhululekileyo. Olu xinano lubonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi. Okokuqala, kunciphisa umsebenzi wee-ion zesinyithi kwisisombululo, nto leyo enciphisa izinga lokufakwa. Izinga lokufakwa elicothayo libalulekile ekufezekiseni ugqubuthelo lwesinyithi olugudileyo, olufana nolunamathelayo. Ukuba izinga lokufakwa likhawuleza kakhulu, ii-athomu zesinyithi azinaxesha laneleyo lokuzilungiselela ngokufanelekileyo kumphezulu we-substrate, nto leyo ekhokelela kugqubuthelo olurhabaxa nolunemingxuma.

Okwesibini, i-metal - i-cyanide complexes i-soluble ngakumbi kwisisombululo se-plating. Oku kunyibilika okuphuculweyo kuqinisekisa unikezelo oluqhubekayo lwee-ion zetsimbi kwi-cathode (i-substrate ifakwe) ngexesha lenkqubo ye-electroplating. Kwi-electroplating yegolide, ukubunjwa kwegolide - i-cyanide complex ivumela igolide ukuba ihlale kwisisombululo kwaye ifakwe ngokulinganayo kwi-substrate.

Ukulungelelanisa iCathode Polarization

I-sodium cyanide nayo ichaphazela kakhulu i-cathode polarization kwi-electroplating. I-Cathode polarization ibhekisela kutshintsho kwikhono le-cathode ngexesha lenkqubo ye-electroplating ngenxa ye-electrochemical reactions eyenzekayo kumphezulu wayo. Inqanaba elifanelekileyo le-cathode polarization liyimfuneko ekufumaneni iidiphozithi zomgangatho ophezulu.

Xa i-sodium cyanide ikhona kwindawo yokuhlambela i-electroplating, yandisa i-cathode polarization. Iiyoni ze-cyanide zibhengeza kumphezulu we-cathode, zenza umqobo othintela ukuhamba kweeyoni zetsimbi ukuya kwi-cathode. Oku kwandisa i-overpotential efunekayo kwi-metal deposition reaction reaction ukuba yenzeke. Ngenxa yoko, i-ion zetsimbi zifakwe kancinci kwaye ngendlela elawulwayo.

Kwi-zinc - i-electroplating bath, umzekelo, ubukho be-sodium cyanide njenge-agent eyinkimbinkimbi kunye nesiphumo sayo esilandelayo kwi-cathode polarization ikhokelela kwidiphozithi ye-zinc ecocekileyo. Ukunyuka kwe-cathode polarization kunyanzelisa i-zinc ion ukuba ifake kwizinga elincinci, livumela ukuba lizilungiselele ngendlela elandelelweyo kwi-substrate surface, ngaloo ndlela iphucula umgangatho we-zinc coating.

Ukukhuthaza Ukupheliswa kwe-Anode

Ukongeza kwimiphumo yayo kwi-cathode, i-sodium cyanide nayo idlala indima ekukhuthazeni ukuchithwa kwe-anode kwiseli ye-electroplating. I-anode ngumthombo we-ion zetsimbi kwinkqubo ye-electroplating. Ukusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-electroplating, i-anode kufuneka ichithe ngezinga elizinzileyo lokuzalisa i-ion zetsimbi ezichithwe kwi-cathode.

I-sodium cyanide inceda kule nkqubo ngokwenza isinyithi esinyibilikayo - i-cyanide complexes kumphezulu we-anode. Kwi-copper-electroplating setup, i-anode yobhedu iyachithwa xa isabela nge-sodium cyanide. Ukuqulunqwa kobhedu - i-cyanide complex kwindawo ye-anode iququzelela ukuchithwa kobhedu. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukusabela okuntsonkothileyo kususa iiyoni zobhedu kumphezulu we-anode ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba zenziwe, zithintele ukwakhiwa kwe-passive layer kwi-anode. Umaleko we-passive unokuthintela ukuchithwa kwe-anode ngakumbi kwaye uphazamise inkqubo ye-electroplating. Ngokukhuthaza ukuchithwa kwe-anode, i-sodium cyanide iqinisekisa ukunikezelwa okuhambelanayo kwee-ion zetsimbi kwindawo yokuhlambela i-electroplating, ukugcina inkqubo ezinzileyo yokucoca.

Usetyenziso kwiiNkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoMbane

Igolide kunye neSilver Electroplating

Isodium cyanide isetyenziswa kakhulu kwigolide kunye nesilivere electroplating. Kushishino lwezacholo, izinto zegolide ezicandiweyo ziveliswa ngokufakwa kwe-electroplating umaleko obhityileyo wegolide kwisiseko sesinyithi esinjengobhedu okanye isilivere. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwindawo yokuhlambela yegolide kunceda ekufumaneni igolide eqaqambileyo, egudileyo, kunye nencamathelayo. Igolide - icyanide complex eyenziwe phambi kwesodium cyanide ivumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo phezu kokubekwa kwegolide, iqinisekisa ukuba umaleko ocandiweyo unobunzima kunye nomgangatho ofunekayo.

Ngokufanayo, kwi-electroplating yesilivere, i-sodium cyanide yenza isilivere-i-cyanide complexes, ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufezekiseni umgangatho ophezulu wokugquma kwesilivere. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwezi nkqubo ze-electroplating zentsimbi zixabisekileyo kuye kwaba ngumgangatho weshishini ixesha elide ngenxa yeziphumo ezigqwesileyo eziveliswayo ngokubhekiselele kwikhwalithi yokugqoka.

I-Copper Electroplating

Kwi-electroplating yethusi, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-copper - cyanide complexes. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwizicelo apho kufuneka icopper egudileyo kwaye inamathele kakhulu, njengakwishishini le-electronics lokufaka iibhodi zesekethe eziprintiweyo. I-copper - i-cyanide complexes eyenziwe phambi kwe-sodium cyanide yenza ukuba kubekwe umgca wobhedu ofanayo, oyimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni ukuhanjiswa kombane okufanelekileyo kunye nokuthembeka kweebhodi zeesekethe.

I-Zinc Electroplating

Nangona iinzame zenziwe ukuphuhlisa i-non-cyanide zinc - iinkqubo ze-electroplating, i-sodium cyanide isasetyenziswa kwezinye izinki zesintu - iibhafu ze-electroplating. Kwi-zinc electroplating, i-sodium cyanide inceda ekudibaniseni i-zinc ions ukwenza i-zinc - cyanide complexes. Olu bunzima aluchaphazeli nje kuphela izinga lokubeka kunye nomgangatho we-zinc coating kodwa kunceda ekulawuleni ukubunjwa kwengubo. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-zinc - i-alloy electroplating (ezifana ne-zinc - nickel okanye i-zinc - i-alloys yensimbi), ubukho be-sodium cyanide bunokuchaphazela umlinganiselo wesinyithi ezahlukeneyo kwidiphozithi ye-alloy, nto leyo echaphazela iipropati ze-coating yokugqibela, ezifana nokuxhathisa ukubola kunye nobunzima.

Iingqwalasela zokusiNgqongileyo noKhuseleko

Nangona i-sodium cyanide isebenza kakhulu kwiinkqubo ze-electroplating, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba yi-compound enobungozi kakhulu. Nokuba yincinci i-sodium cyanide inokubulala ukuba ityiwe, iphefumlwe, okanye ifunxwe lusu. Ke ngoko, kufuneka kubekho amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko kwiindawo ze-electroplating ezisebenzisa i-sodium cyanide. Abasebenzi abaphatha i-sodium cyanide kufuneka baqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye baxhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokuzikhusela, kubandakanya iiglavu, iiglasi zokukhusela, kunye nokhuseleko lokuphefumla.

Ukongeza, ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma equkethe i-sodium cyanide okanye iimveliso zayo zokuphendula kufuneka ilawulwe ngononophelo ukuthintela ukungcoliseka kwendalo. I-Cyanide - equlethe amanzi amdaka avela kwiinkqubo ze-electroplating kufuneka iphathwe ukuze isuse okanye ikhuphe i-cyanide ngaphambi kokuba ikhutshwe. Iindlela zonyango eziqhelekileyo ziquka i-chemical oxidation (usebenzisa i-oxidizing agents ezifana neklorini okanye i-hydrogen peroxide) ukuguqula i-cyanide kwiikhompawundi ezinobuthi obuncinci.

isiphelo

I-sodium cyanide idlala indima eninzi kwaye ibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ze-electroplating. Njenge-agent edibeneyo, yenza isinyithi esizinzileyo - i-cyanide complexes ephucula ukunyibilika kunye nokuthuthwa kwee-ion zetsimbi kwindawo yokuhlambela, ekhokelela kwiingubo zetsimbi ezifanayo kunye nezinamathele. Ikwalungisa i-cathode polarization kwaye ikhuthaza ukuchithwa kwe-anode, zombini ezo ziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-electroplating. Nangona ityhefu yayo, xa isetyenziswa ngokhuseleko olufanelekileyo kunye nokunyameka kokusingqongileyo, i-sodium cyanide iyaqhubeka iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwizicelo ezininzi ze-electroplating, ngakumbi ekubekweni kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kunye nokuphumeza umgangatho ophezulu wokugquma kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino kunye nokuhombisa. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluqhubekayo lukwajolise ekuphuhliseni enye indlela, iinkqubo ze-electroplating ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo ukunciphisa ukuthembela kule khompawundi enetyhefu.