IiPropati zoMzimba kunye neeParameters eziphambili zeSodium Cyanide

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) yikhompawundi yeekhemikhali enezicelo ezibalulekileyo zemizi-mveliso, kodwa ikwayityhefu kakhulu. Ukuqonda kwayo iipropathi zomzimba kwaye iiparamitha eziphambili ibalulekile ekuphathweni ngokukhuselekileyo nokusetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.

1. Kubonakala

I-sodium cyanide ibonakala njengeegranules ezimhlophe zekristale okanye umgubo ngendlela ecocekileyo. Kwiimeko zemizi-mveliso, inokuphinda idibane nefomu yebhloko yegranular okanye eqinileyo. Umbala udla ngokuba ngumhlophe osulungekileyo, nto leyo iluphawu lomzimba olunokuthi lusetyenziswe ekuchongeni okokuqala elabhoratri okanye kwindawo yoshishino. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngenxa yetyhefu egqithisileyo, uhlolo olubonakalayo kufuneka lwenziwe kuphela ngokhuseleko olufanelekileyo.

2. Ivumba

Inevumba elimfiliba, eliphawulwe ngokufuthi lichazwa njengevumba elibuthathaka nelikrakra lealmondi. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ayinguye wonke umntu onokubona eli vumba. Ukukwazi ukujoja iikhompawundi ze-cyanide kunqunywe ngokwemfuza, kwaye inxalenye ebalulekileyo yabemi ayinayo i-olfactory receptor efunekayo ukuze ibone eli vumba. Oku kwenza ukuba ukuthembela kuphela kwivumba lokufunyaniswa kungathembekanga, kwaye iindlela zohlalutyo ezintsonkothileyo ziyafuneka kukhuseleko kunye nokubeka iliso kumashishini.

3. Ulwakhiwo lweCrystal

I-sodium cyanide ikhazimla kwi-cubic crystal system. Esi sakhiwo siqulunqwe ngokucwangciswa rhoqo kwee-sodium cations (Na⁺) kunye ne-cyanide anions (CN⁻). Isakhiwo sekristale se-cubic sinikeza Isodium cyanide uphawu lwayo oluqinileyo - iipropathi zombuso, ezinjengobuqhophololo kunye neepateni zokucandeka xa ucinezelwa ngoomatshini. Ulungiselelo lwelathisi kwinkqubo ye-cubic lukwachaphazela ezinye iipropathi ezibonakalayo ezifana nokunyibilika kunye nokuziphatha kokunyibilika.

4. Indawo enyibilikayo

Indawo yokunyibilika kwe Isodium cyanide yi-563.7 °C (836.8 K). Eli nqanaba liphezulu lokunyibilika lisisiphumo sebhondi eyomeleleyo ye-ionic phakathi kwe-sodium kunye ne-cyanide ion. Iikhompawundi ze-Ionic, ezifana sodium cyanide, zifuna isixa esibalulekileyo samandla ukuqhawula ezi bhondi kunye nokuguquka ukusuka kwisigxina ukuya kwisigaba solwelo. Le ndawo iphezulu yokunyibilika ineempembelelo kushishino lwayo. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye izicelo apho kufuneka i-sodium cyanide etyhidiweyo, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokushisa kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukufikelela nokugcina ubushushu obufunekayo.

5. Inqaku elibilisayo

Isodium cyanide ibilisa kwi-1496 °C (1769 K). Ngokufana nenqanaba eliphezulu lokunyibilika, indawo ephezulu yokubilisa ngenxa yamandla ebhondi ye-ionic kwi-compound. Amandla afunekayo ukwahlula ngokupheleleyo i-ion ukusuka komnye nomnye kwisigaba solwelo kunye nokuguqula kwimo yegesi kunene. Kwinqanaba lokubilisa, uxinzelelo lomphunga lwe-sodium cyanide lulingana noxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric, luvumela ulwelo ukuba lujike lube ngumphunga. Ulwazi lweqondo lokubila lubalulekile kwiinkqubo ezibandakanya ukuhluzwa okanye ukusabela kobushushu obuphezulu apho i-sodium cyanide inokubakho kwisigaba somphunga.

6. Ubunzima

Ubuninzi besodium cyanide bumalunga ne-1.596 g/cm³. Eli xabiso loxinaniso libonisa ukuba linzima kunamanzi, anoxinano lwe-1 g/cm³ kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo. Ngokwezinto eziphathekayo, ukuba i-sodium cyanide ibandakanyeka ekuchithekeni okanye kwingozi kwindawo enamanzi, iya kutshona phantsi. Le propati ibalulekile ekuqwalaseleni indalo kunye nokhuseleko, njengoko ichaphazela indlela into eya kusasazeka ngayo kwaye igcinwe kwimeko yokukhutshwa ngengozi.

7. Ukunyibilika

Isodium cyanide inyibilika kakhulu emanzini. Idibanisa ngokukhawuleza kwii-ion ze-sodium (Na⁺) kunye ne-cyanide ions (CN⁻) kwisisombululo samanzi. Ukunyibilika emanzini bubushushu - buxhomekeke. Kwi-0 ° C, malunga ne-40.8 g ye-sodium cyanide inokunyibilika kwi-100 g yamanzi, kwaye eli xabiso linyuka ukuya kwi-58.7 g / 100 g yamanzi kwi-20 ° C kunye ne-71.2 g / 100 g yamanzi kwi-30 ° C. Ikwanyibilika kwezinye izinyibilikisi zepolar ezifana neammonia, ethanol, kunye nemethanol. I-solubility kwezi zinyibilikisiweyo ngenxa yokukwazi kweemolekyuli ze-solvent ze-polar ukusebenzisana neentlobo ze-ionic ze-sodium cyanide ngokusebenzisa amandla e-ion-dipole. Kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso, njengokukhutshwa kwegolide kunye nesilivere apho i-sodium cyanide isetyenziswa kwisisombululo samanzi, ukunyibilika kwayo okuphezulu emanzini kuyipropathi ephambili eyenza ukuphendulwa kobunzima kunye neentsimbi ezixabisekileyo.

8. Hygroscopicity

I-sodium cyanide yi-hygroscopic, nto leyo ethetha ukuba inotyekelo oluqinileyo lokufunxa ukufuma emoyeni. Xa ibonakaliswe kumoya omanzi, inokuthabatha iimolekyuli zamanzi kwaye ekugqibeleni inyibilike, yenze isisombululo solwelo. Le propati inxulumene nobuqhophololo bayo. Izinto ezixutyiweyo, njengesodium cyanide, zifunxa ukufuma okuninzi kangangokuba zinokujika zibe lulwelo ekuhambeni kwexesha. Olu hlobo lwe-hygroscopic lubeka imingeni ekugcinweni nasekuphatheni kwayo. Kufuneka igcinwe emoyeni - kwizikhongozeli eziqinileyo kwindawo eyomileyo ukuyithintela ekufunxeni ukufuma, nto leyo enokukhokelela ekwakhekeni kwegesi yehydrogen cyanide ngokusabela kwehydrolysis.

9. Uxinzelelo lomphunga

Uxinzelelo lomphunga ogcweleyo we-sodium cyanide yi-0.13 kPa kwi-817 °C. Uxinzelelo lomphunga luxinzelelo olwenziwa ngumphunga wento ngokulinganayo kunye nolwelo okanye isigaba esiqinileyo kubushushu obunikiweyo. Kwisodium cyanide, uxinzelelo lomphunga oluphantsi ngokwentelekiso kumaqondo obushushu aqhelekileyo luthetha ukuba aluphumi lula. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko iqondo lokushisa linyuka, uxinzelelo lomphunga luyanda. Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, njengexesha leenkqubo ezithile zoshishino okanye kwimeko yomlilo, ukunyuka koxinzelelo lomphunga kunokukhokelela ekukhululweni komphunga onetyhefu we-sodium cyanide. Oku kuyinkxalabo ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko, njengoko ukuphefumla umphunga wesodium cyanide kunokuba yingozi kakhulu kwaye kunokuba yingozi.

10. I-Octanol - iSahlulo seSahlulo saManzi (log P)

I-octanol - i-coefficient yokwahlula kwamanzi ye-sodium cyanide imalunga ne-1.69. Le parameter ngumlinganiselo we-solubility ehambelanayo yekhompawundi kwi-octanol (i-solvent engeyona i-polar) kunye namanzi (i-solvent ye-polar). Ilog engalunganga yexabiso le-P yesodium cyanide ibonisa ukuba inyibilika ngakumbi emanzini kune-octanol. Ngamanye amazwi, inobudlelwane obuphezulu bendawo ezingqongileyo. Le propati ibalulekile ekuqondeni indlela i-sodium cyanide eya kuziphatha ngayo kwiindawo zendalo, njengakwimizila yamanzi. Kwimichiza yokusingqongileyo, i-octanol - i-coefficient yokwahlula amanzi isetyenziselwa ukuqikelela ukusasazwa kweekhemikhali phakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo, ezifana namanzi, umhlaba, kunye nezinto eziphilayo. Ekubeni i-sodium cyanide inokuthanda okunamandla kwamanzi, iya kuhlala ihleli kwiinkqubo ezinamanzi kwaye inokubeka umngcipheko kubomi basemanzini ukuba ingena emanzini ngokusebenzisa ukukhutshwa kwamashishini okanye iingozi.

Ukuqukumbela, iipropati ezibonakalayo kunye neeparitha eziphambili ze-sodium cyanide zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizicelo zayo zoshishino, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kokhuseleko kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngenxa yobutyhefu obugqithisileyo, nayiphi na ukuphatha okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kufuneka kuqhutywe ngononophelo olukhulu, ngokulandela imigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko kunye nemimiselo.