Impembelelo yeZimbiwa eziNxulumeneyo kwiNkqubo yokuLeaching yeCyanide

intshayelelo

I-Cyanide leaching yinkqubo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekutsalweni kwegolide kunye nesilivere kwi-ore. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho beentlobo ezahlukeneyo IziMbiwa ezidityanisiweyo kwintsimbi ekrwada inokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwale nkqubo. Ukuqonda ezi mpembelelo kubalulekile ekwandiseni i-cyanide imisebenzi leaching kunye nokuphucula ukubuyiswa kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo.

Izimbiwa zentsimbi

Pyrite

I-Pyrite yintsimbi eqhelekileyo - i-sulfide mineral kwigolide-ethwele i-ores. Ngexesha le-cyanide leaching, xa i-pyrite ikwi-pulp, inokuthi ifakwe i-oxidized ukwenza i-ferrous sulfate. Le sulfate ene-ferrous emva koko idibana ne-cyanide ukwenza i-ferrocyanate. Le mpendulo idla isixa esikhulu Isodium cyanide, eyona nto ingundoqo yokukhupha igolide. Ngaphezu koko, ngesenzo sekalika kunye nomoya, ipyrite inokuguqula ibe yisulfide enyibilikayo, isulfure ye-colloidal, okanye i-thiosulfate. Le nkqubo yenguqu isebenzisa ioksijini, eyimfuneko ekunyibilikeni kwegolide kwinkqubo yecyanide - leaching system. Lilonke, oku kunefuthe elibi kwindlela igolide-ekutshiza ngayo kakuhle.

I-Pyrrhotite

I-Pyrrhotite yenye i-iron-sulfide mineral echaphazela i-cyanide leaching. Isabela ngokulula kunye ne-cyanide ukuvelisa i-thiocyanate. Ukongeza, i-ferrous sulfate eyenziwe kwi-oxidation yayo iphinda ihlangane ne-cyanide yenze i-ferrocyanate. Uphando lubonise ukuba i-pyrrhotite inokubangela ukuhla okukhulu kwegolide - izinga lokuchithwa, umzekelo, ukunciphisa nge-28.1% kwezinye iimeko. Ikwakhokelela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kokusetyenziswa kwecyanide, ihlala iphinda kane.

Izimbiwa zobhedu

I-Chalcopyrite kunye ne-Chalcocite

Iiminerali zobhedu ezifana ne-chalcopyrite kunye ne-chalcocite zinempembelelo ephawulekayo kwi-cyanide leaching. Isisombululo seCyanide sinokunyibilikisa amaminerali obhedu, kodwa izinga lokuchithwa liyahluka. I-Chalcopyrite izinzile phakathi kweeminerali ze-copper sulfide, ngelixa i-chalcocite isebenza ngakumbi. Kwisisombululo se-cyanide, ubhedu kula maminerali, ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-divalent state, aluzinzile. I-Divalent copper i-oxidizes cyanide, itshintshela kwi-monovalent copper kwaye yenza ii-complexes ezine-cyanide kwi-pulp. Kwi-chalcocite, inokubangela ukuhla okukhulu kwegolide - izinga lokuchithwa, ukuya kwi-36.81% kwezinye iimvavanyo, kunye nokunyuka okuphindwe kashumi kokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide.

IMalachite (Izimbiwa zeCopper oxide)

I-Malachite yinto eqhelekileyo yobhedu - i-oxide mineral. Ichithwa ngokulula kwisisombululo se-sodium - cyanide, ekhokelela ekunyuseni okukhulu kokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide. Ukusabela phakathi kwe-malachite kunye ne-cyanide isebenzisa inani elikhulu le-ion cyanide. Ngenxa yoko, zombini i-copper sulfide kunye neeminerali ze-copper oxide zinokuba nefuthe elibi kakhulu kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa kwe-cyanide - igolide.

IiMminerali zeArsenic

I-Realgar kunye ne-Orpiment

I-Realgar kunye ne-orpiment ziyingozi kakhulu kwi-cyanide leaching. Kwisisombululo esinamandla se-alkaline esisetyenziselwa ukuntywiliselwa kwi-cyanide, zenza iikhompawundi ezifana ne-thioarsenite. I-Thioarsenite inokusabela nge-oksijini kwisisombululo sokwenza i-arsenite, idla inani elikhulu le-oksijini kwi-mineral slurry. Kwakhona, xa iiminerali ze-arsenic zixutywe nge-oxidized kwisisombululo, ifilimu eyenziwe nge-arsenic compounds yenza phezu kwamasuntswana egolide. Le filimu imisa ngokuthe ngqo igolide ekudibaneni ne-cyanide, echaphazela kakhulu ukuchithwa kwegolide. Uphononongo lubonise ukuba i-realgar kunye ne-orpiment inokunciphisa igolide - izinga lokuchithwa kwe-41.95% kunye ne-49.90% ngokulandelanayo, kunye nokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide ngamaxesha angama-13.8 kunye namaxesha angama-15.0.

Arsenopyrite

I-Arsenopyrite yi-arsenic eqhelekileyo - equkethe iminerali. Ngokungafaniyo ne-realgar kunye ne-orpiment, i-arsenopyrite izinzile kwinkqubo ye-cyanide. Nangona iqulethe i-arsenic, phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo ze-cyanide - leaching, ayiqhekeki ngokulula kwaye ngoko inempembelelo encinci kwi-cyanide leaching xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iiminerali ezine-arsenic.

Izimbiwa ezikhokelayo

UGalena kunye neNkokeli yoMfundi

I-Galena kunye ne-lead alum zezona ziphambili - ziqulethe izimbiwa kwimigodi yegolide. I-Galena inokuthi ifakwe i-oxidized ukukhokela i-alum. Kwisisombululo esinamandla-e-alkaline, i-alum ehamba phambili inokuvelisa i-alkaline lead - ityuwa ye-asidi, ehambelana ne-cyanide kwisisombululo ukwenza i-insoluble enamandla - i-alkaline cyanide. Umlinganiselo omncinci weeminerali zelothe unokuncedisa ngokwenene ukuvuza kwecyanide kwimigodi yegolide. Nangona kunjalo, umyinge omkhulu wezimbiwa zelothe uya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwegolide - ukuvuza ngokutya icyanide kwaye ngokunokwenzeka yenze imvula enokuphazamisana nenkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi.

I-Antimony - equlethe iMimbiwa

Stibnite

I-Stibnite yi-antimony ephambili - equlethe i-sulfide mineral. Kwinkqubo ye-cyanide-leaching, iziphumo zayo ezimbi zifana nezo ze-orpiment. Inyibilika ngokulula kwisisombululo esinamandla-e-alkaline ukuvelisa i-thioantimonite, ephinda ifakwe kwi-oxidized ibe yi-antimonite. Ukongezelela, amasuntswana e-stibnite colloidal ahlawuliswa kakubi kwi-alkaline - isisombululo se-cyanide sinokunamathela kumphezulu weengqungquthela zegolide, ukukhusela ngokomzimba ukuba igolide inganyibiliki.

Izinto zeCarbon

Imigodi yegolide inokuba ne ICarbon izinto, kuquka ikhabhoni engaphiliyo kunye nekhabhoni ephilayo efana ne-humic acid. Xa ezi zinto zekhabhoni zikhona, zinokufunxa igolide enyibilikisiweyo kwisisombululo se-cyanide. Oku kunciphisa izinga lokuphuma kwegolide kwisisombululo, into eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"gold robbery." Izinto zekhabhoni zikhuphisana nenkqubo yokukhupha igolide enyibilikisiweyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekulahlekelweni kokufunyanwa kwegolide.

Ubuchule bokuNciphisa iMpembelelo yeziMbiwa eziNxulumeneyo

Unyango lwangaphambili lweOres

• Unyango lweOxidation: Kwi-ores ene-iron-sulfide, i-arsenic, okanye iiminerali ze-antimony, ukunyangwa kwangaphambili kwe-oxidation kunokusebenza. I-oxidation iphula ezi zimbiwa, ikhulule igolide evalelweyo kwaye inciphise iziphumo ezinobungozi kwi-cyanide leaching. I-oxidation eqhelekileyo - iindlela zonyango zangaphambili zibandakanya ukugcoba, i-oxidation yoxinzelelo, kunye ne-bio-oxidation.

• Ubhedu - Pre-leaching: Kwimeko ye-ores enomxholo ophezulu wobhedu, i-pre-leaching yobhedu inokwenziwa. Ngokususa ubhedu ngaphambi kokuba i-cyanide leaching, inani le-cyanide elisetyenziswe ngamaminerali obhedu linokuncitshiswa, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwegolide ye-cyanide leaching.

Ukuphuculwa kweCyanide - Iimeko zokuLeaching

• Ukulungelelanisa iiDosasi zeReagent: Ngokusekelwe kuhlobo kunye nenani leeminerali ezihambelanayo, inani le-cyanide kunye nezinye i-reagents zingalungiswa. Ngokomzekelo, xa kukho iiminerali ezininzi zobhedu, ukwandisa umthamo we-cyanide kancinane ngelixa ulawula ixabiso le-pH kunokuncedisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba igolide inyibilika ngokufanelekileyo.

• Ukulawula iimeko zePulp: Ukulawula i-pulp concentration, iqondo lobushushu, kunye nesantya sokuvuselela kubalulekile. Ugxininiso oluchanekileyo lwe-pulp luqinisekisa ukuba i-cyanide kunye ne-oksijini inokusasazeka ngokufanelekileyo kwi-pulp. Ukugcina ubushushu obufanelekileyo (budla ngokuba yi-15 - 30 °C) kulinganisa isantya apho igolide inyibilika khona kunye nokuzinza kwesisombululo secyanide.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezongezo

• Izongezo zokuthintela iiMpahla zeMineral: Izithambiso ezifana neetyuwa zelothe zinokusetyenziselwa ukunqanda iiminerali ezithile eziyingozi ukuba zingasabeli. Ngokomzekelo, ukongeza i-acetate ye-lead inokusabela kunye ne-sulfide ion ukusuka ekuqhekekeni kwesulfure-equlethe iiminerali, ukwenza i-lead enganyibilikiyo - i-sulfide precipitates. Oku kunciphisa ubungakanani becyanide kunye neoksijini esetyenziswa yisulfure-equlethe iiminerali.

• Ii-Adsorbents ezikhuphisanayo: Kwimeko yeentsimbi ezineekhabhoni, ukongeza ii-adsorbents ezikhuphisanayo ezifana Ikhabhoni esebenzayo ngexesha lokuphuma kwe-cyanide kunokunciphisa isiphumo "sokuphanga igolide". I-activated carbon ikhuphisana ne-carbon kwi-ore ngegolide enyibilikisiweyo, ngaloo ndlela inyusa izinga lokuphuma kwegolide.

isiphelo

Izimbiwa ezinxulumene negolide nezesilivere zineempembelelo ezahlukeneyo nezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuvuza kwecyanide. I-iron, ubhedu, i-arsenic, ilothe, i-antimony-equlethe iiminerali, kunye nezinto zekhabhoni zonke zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngokutya ii-reagents, ukuthintela igolide ekudibaneni ne-cyanide, okanye ukufunxa igolide enyityilisiweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngeendlela ezifanelekileyo zonyango lwangaphambili, ukulungiswa kweemeko zokutshiza, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezongezo, ezi mpembelelo zimbi zinokuncitshiswa. Oku kwenza ukuba kutsalwe ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi igolide nesilivere kwizinto ezixubeneyo ezinezimbiwa, kuphuculwe uqoqosho lwemisebenzi yemigodi.