I-Sodium Cyanide eqinile: Ukuchongwa kweeMpahla ezinobungozi kunye neeMfuno zokuPakisha

1. intshayelelo

I-Sodium cyanide , ikhompawundi enetyhefu kakhulu enefomyula yeekhemikhali i-NaCN, sisixhobo esimhlophe esinyibilikayo emanzini. Ngenxa yokuba sinobuthi obuphezulu kakhulu kwaye sinokubangela ingozi enkulu kwimpilo yabantu nakwindalo esingqongileyo, imithetho engqongqo ilawula ukuphathwa kwayo, ukuthuthwa kwayo, kunye nokugcinwa kwayo. Eli nqaku ligxile ekuchongweni kweSodium Cyanide eQinileyo njengesixhobo esinobungozi kunye neemfuno zayo ezithile zokupakishwa.

2. Ukuchongwa kweeMpahla ezinobungozi kwiSodium Cyanide eSolid

2.1 Iklasi yeeNgozi

I-Sodium Cyanide eqinileyo ihlelwa njengezinto ezinobuthi zeClass 6.1 ngokwenkqubo yokwahlulahlula izinto eziyingozi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (UN). Olu hluhlu lusekelwe kubuchule bayo bokubangela ingozi enkulu okanye ukufa xa ityiwa, iphefumlwa, okanye ifunxwa eluswini.

2.2 Inombolo ye-UN

Inombolo ye-UN enikwe i-solid sodium cyanide yi-UN 1689. Le nombolo ikhethekileyo enamanani amane isetyenziswa kwihlabathi liphela ukuchonga into ngexesha lokuthuthwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amaqela abandakanyekayo kuthungelwano lokubonelela, ukusuka kubavelisi kunye nabathumeli ukuya kubathwali kunye nabalawuli, banokuyibona ngokulula kwaye bayiphathe ngokuhambelana nemigaqo yokhuseleko efanelekileyo.

2.3 Amabinzana omngcipheko

• Ubuthi Obuphezulu : I-Sodium cyanide eqinileyo iyingozi kakhulu. Ukuyitya, ukuphefumla, okanye ukudibana nolusu kunokubangela ityhefu ngokukhawuleza. Ii-ion ze-Cyanide ziphazamisana nokukwazi komzimba ukusebenzisa ioksijini kwinqanaba leeseli, nto leyo enokuba yingozi. Umzekelo, nokuba yincinci ipowder ye-sodium cyanide ephefumliweyo inokubangela iimpawu ezifana nesiyezi, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ukulahlekelwa yingqondo kunye nokufa.

• I-Reactivity ene-Acids : Isabela ngamandla kunye nee-asidi ukuze ivelise igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enobuthi kakhulu netshayo. Le mpendulo inokwenzeka nokuba kukho ii-asidi ezibuthathaka. Umzekelo, ukuba i-sodium cyanide idibana ne-acetic acid (i-asidi eqhelekileyo efumaneka kwiviniga), igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide iya kukhutshwa, nto leyo edala imeko eyingozi kakhulu.

2.4 Amabinzana okhuseleko

• Amanyathelo okuphatha : Xa bephethe i-sodium cyanide eqinileyo, abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifanelekileyo (PPE). Oku kuquka iisuti zokukhusela iikhemikhali eziqinileyo, izixhobo zokuphefumla ezizimeleyo (SCBA) xa kukho umngcipheko wokuphefumla, kunye neeglavu eziqinileyo, ezimelana neekhemikhali. Yonke imisebenzi yokuphatha kufuneka yenziwe kwiindawo ezinomoya ococekileyo, ngcono phantsi kwesiciko somlilo ukuthintela ukuqokelelwa kwazo naziphi na iigesi ezinobuthi ezikhutshwayo.

• Amanyathelo Okugcina : Kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo, nengena umoya, kude nemithombo yobushushu, ukutsha, kunye nee-asidi. Iindawo zokugcina kufuneka zenzelwe ukuthintela ukufikelela okungagunyaziswanga kwaye zixhotyiswe ngamanyathelo okugcina ukuchitheka. Umzekelo, indawo yokugcina inokuba nenkqubo yesibini yokukhusela efana netreyi yokuchitheka okanye indawo ehlanganisiweyo ukuthintela ukusasazeka kwayo nayiphi na i-sodium cyanide evuzayo.

3. IiMfuno zokuPakisha kwiSodium Cyanide eSolid

3.1 Imigaqo yokuPakisha ngokuphangaleleyo

• Ukuqina : Ukupakisha i-sodium cyanide eqinileyo kufuneka kube namandla kakhulu ukuthintela ukuvuza ngexesha lokuphathwa, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuthuthwa. Ngenxa yobuthi bayo obuphezulu, nokuba ukuvuza okuncinci kunokuba yingozi enkulu kwimpilo yabantu nakwindalo esingqongileyo.

• Ukuhambelana : Izinto zokupakisha kufuneka zihambelane neekhemikhali kunye ne-sodium cyanide. Oku kuthetha ukuba izinto azifanele zidibane nale nto, nto leyo enokubangela ukuwohloka kwephakheji okanye ukukhululwa kweemveliso ezinetyhefu.

3.2 Iintlobo zokuPakisha ezivunyiweyo

3.2.1 Isinyithi - iiHopper ezi-Carired kunye neeMoto

I-cyanide yesodium eyomileyo ingathunyelwa ngentsimbi - iimoto ezigqunywe kwihopper. Ezi moto zenzelwe ukuhluzwa - ubungqina kunye nemozulu - ukumelana. Isigqubuthelo sesinyithi sibonelela ngokhuseleko olongezelelweyo kumonakalo womzimba kunye nezinto ezisingqongileyo ezifana nemvula kunye nomswakama. Umzekelo, kuhambo lukaloliwe oluhamba umgama omde, ezi moto zehopper zinokuthwala ngokukhuselekileyo izixa ezikhulu zesodium cyanide eqinileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko zemozulu.

3.2.2 Iitanki eziphathwayo

Amatanki aphathwayo asetyenziselwa i-sodium cyanide eqinileyo kufuneka ahlangabezane noyilo oluthile kunye nemigangatho yokwakha. Bafanele babe negobolondo elomeleleyo lokumelana nobunzima kunye noxinzelelo lweziqulatho ngexesha lokuthutha. Ukongeza, kufuneka baxhotyiswe ngokuvalwa okufanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokuthintela ukuvuza. Ezi tanki zifanelekile ukuthutha umthamo omkhulu we-sodium cyanide eqinile, mhlawumbi i-granular okanye i-briquette form. Ngokomzekelo, kuthutho lwaselwandle lwamazwe ngamazwe, iitanki eziphathwayo zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha i-sodium cyanide phakathi kwamazwe ahlukeneyo.

3.2.3 Izikhongozeli eziPhakathi ezinoBuninzi (IBCs)

• Ii-IBC zeMetal : Ii-IBC zemetal ezigunyazisiweyo ziquka iintlobo ezifana ne-11A, 11B, 11N, 21A, 21B, 21N, 31A, 31B, kunye ne-31N. Ezi IBC zenziwe ngezinto zesinyithi eziqinileyo ezinokumelana nobunzima bokuphathwa nokuthuthwa. Zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha ubungakanani obuphakathi be-sodium cyanide eqinileyo.

• Iiplastiki eziqinileyo Ii-IBC : Iiplastiki eziqinileyo Ii-IBC ezifana ne-11H1. 11H2. 21H1. 21H2. 31H1. kunye ne-31H2 nazo ziyavunywa. Nangona kunjalo, izinto zeplastiki kufuneka zibe semgangathweni ophezulu kwaye zimelane nemiphumo yokubola ye-sodium cyanide. Ezi IBC zilula xa zithelekiswa nezesinyithi, nto leyo enokuba luncedo kwezinye iimeko zothutho, kodwa kusafuneka zihlangabezane nemigangatho yokhuseleko engqongqo.

• Ii-IBC ezidityanisiweyo : Ii-IBC ezidityanisiweyo ezifana ne-11HZ1. 11HZ2. 21HZ1. 21HZ2. kunye ne-31HZ1 zidibanisa iingenelo zezinto ezahlukeneyo. Zenzelwe ukuba ziqine, zibe lula, kwaye zimelane neekhemikhali. Umzekelo, zinokuba nomaleko wangaphakathi wezinto ezimelana kakhulu ne-sodium cyanide kunye nomaleko wangaphandle wokuqinisa ulwakhiwo.

• Ii-IBC zomthi : Ii-IBC zomthi (11C, 11D, kunye ne-11F) zingasetyenziswa, kodwa ii-liners zazo kufuneka zingahluzwa. Umthi unika umgangatho othile wokucushisana, onokuba luncedo ngexesha lokuthuthwa, kodwa umphezulu othintela ukuhluzwa ubalulekile ukuthintela nakuphi na ukuvuza kwesiqina esinetyhefu.

3.2.4 Okunye ukuPakisha

Iipakethi eziqulathe ngokuqinileyo - izikhongozeli zangaphakathi ezivaliweyo zeglasi, izinto zodongwe, isinyithi, okanye i-polyethylene, ezinomthamo ongekho ngaphezulu kwe-0.5 kg (1.1 yeekhilogram) ezikhuselwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye zipakishwe kwimigqomo yomthi yangaphandle okanye iibhokisi zeplanga okanye ze-fiberboard, ezinobunzima obungekho ngaphezulu kwe-15 kg (33 pounds), zigunyaziswe. Ngokufanayo, iipakethe ezineepakethe ezivaliweyo zangaphakathi zeglasi, izinto zodongwe, okanye isinyithi, ezikhuselwe ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye zipakishwe kwimigqomo yomthi yangaphandle okanye iibhokisi ezinomthamo ongekho ngaphezulu kwe-2.5 kg (5.5 pounds) ubunzima bomnatha nazo zivumelekile. Ezi zikhetho zincinci zokupakisha zidla ngokusetyenziselwa iisampulu zaselabhoratri okanye ukuhanjiswa kobungakanani obuncinci.

3.3 UVavanyo lokuPakisha kunye neSiqinisekiso

• Uvavanyo Lokusebenza : Zonke iipakeji ezisetyenziselwa i-sodium cyanide eqinileyo kufuneka zivavanywe ngokuqatha ukusebenza kwazo. Oku kuquka uvavanyo lokuwa ukuze kulinganiswe ukuwa ngengozi ngexesha lokuthuthwa, uvavanyo lwe-stack ukuqinisekisa ukuba ipakeji inokuxhasa ubunzima bezinye iipakeji ezibekwe phezulu, kunye novavanyo lokuvuza ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho zimbobo apho i-sodium cyanide inokuphuma khona. Umzekelo, kuvavanyo lokuwa, ipakeji iwiswa ukusuka kubude obuthile iye kwindawo eqinileyo, kwaye ukuba kukho nawuphi na umonakalo okanye ukuvuza, ipakeji ayiphumeleli kuvavanyo.

• Isiqinisekiso : Nje ukuba iphakheji iphumelele iimvavanyo ezifunekayo, kufuneka iqinisekiswe ukuba iyahambelana nemigaqo efanelekileyo. Esi siqinisekiso sikhutshwa ziinkampani zovavanyo nezatifikethi ezaziwayo. Esi siqinisekiso siqinisekisa ukuba iphakheji ihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko ephantsi yokuthutha i-sodium cyanide eqinileyo.

3.4 Iileyibhile zokuPakisha

• Iilebheli Zesilumkiso : Zonke iipakethe ezine-sodium cyanide eqinileyo kufuneka zibhalwe ngokucacileyo iilebheli zesilumkiso. Ezi lebheli mazibonise ngokucacileyo amagama athi "INOTSHISI" okanye "INOTSHISI" ngoonobumba abakhulu nabangqindilili. Kufuneka zibandakanye nenombolo ye-UN (UN 1689) kunye nophawu olubonisa ubuthi bento, njengophawu lwentloko kunye namathambo anqamlezileyo.

• Ulwazi olongezelelweyo : Iileyibhile mazinike ulwazi olongezelelweyo olufana negama lekhemikhali (i-sodium cyanide), imiyalelo yokuphendula ngokukhawuleza xa kukho ukuvuza okanye ukuchitheka, kunye nolwazi loqhagamshelwano lomthumeli okanye umenzi xa kukho imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo.

4. Ukuthotyelwa kweMimiselo

• Imigaqo Yamazwe Ngamazwe : Kwizithuthi zamazwe ngamazwe, ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo efana neKhowudi yeZinto Eziyingozi Zaselwandle (IMDG) kunye neeNgcebiso zeZizwe eziManyeneyo malunga nokuThuthwa kweeMpahla Eziyingozi kuyimfuneko. Le migaqo iqinisekisa ukuba i-sodium cyanide eqinileyo ithuthwa ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphaya kwemida yamazwe ngamazwe. Umzekelo, iKhowudi ye-IMDG inika izikhokelo ezineenkcukacha zokupakisha, ukulebhelisha, kunye nokugcinwa kweempahla eziyingozi kwiinqanawa.

• Imimiselo yeSizwe : Ilizwe ngalinye linokuba nemimiselo yalo yesizwe malunga nokuphathwa, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuthuthwa kwe-sodium cyanide eqinileyo. Umzekelo, e-United States, iSebe lezoThutho (i-DOT) linemithetho nemimiselo ethile phantsi kweSihloko 49 seKhowudi yeMimiselo yeSizwe (i-CFR). Abathumeli kunye nabaphathi kufuneka baqaphele kwaye bathobele imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe neyesizwe ukuze baphephe imiba yezomthetho kwaye baqinisekise ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwesi sithako sinobuthi.

5. Isiphelo

Ityhefu egqithisileyo yesodium cyanide yenza uchongo olululo njengento enobungozi kunye nokubambelela ngokungqongqo kwiimfuno zokupakisha ezibaluleke kakhulu. Ukusuka kuhlelo lwayo njengodidi lwe-6.1 lwezixhobo ezinetyhefu kunye nenombolo ye-UN 1689 ukuya kwiindidi zokupakisha ezahlukeneyo ezivunyiweyo kunye neemfuno ezihambelana nazo zovavanyo kunye neelebhile, yonke inkalo yenzelwe ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuvezwa kunye nokwenzakala okunokwenzeka kwimpilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Onke amaqela abandakanyekayo kwimveliso, ukuthutha, kunye nokugcinwa kwe-sodium cyanide eqinile kufuneka awazi kakuhle kwaye ahambelane nemimiselo efanelekileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwesi sixhobo esiyingozi.