I-Sodium Cyanide: Ukuqonda ukusetyenziswa kwayo, iiPropati, kunye noKhuseleko loKhuseleko

I. Intshayelelo

I-Sodium cyanide (ifomula yekhemikhali: i-NaCN) yikhompawundi enobungozi kakhulu edlala indima ebalulekileyo kwicandelo lophando lwezemizi-mveliso nolwesayensi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobutyhefu bayo obuphezulu kunye neengozi ezinokubakho, kubalulekile ukuba nokuqonda okuchanekileyo nokuyisebenzisa ngokukhuselekileyo. Eli nqaku liza kuyichaza kwiinkalo ezintathu: Ukusetyenziswa , iiPropati , kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko , ukunceda abafundi ukuba baqonde ngokupheleleyo le khemikhali ikhethekileyo.

II. Ukusetyenziswa kweSodium Cyanide

1.I-Metal Processing kunye ne-Metallurgy

• Ukufakelwa ngombane : Njengenye yezinto ezisetyenziswa kwisisombululo sokufakelwa ngombane, iSodium Cyanide inokunceda ekwenzeni uqweqwe olufanayo noluxineneyo (njengegolide, isilivere, ubhedu, njl.njl.) kumphezulu wesinyithi.

• Ukutsalwa kweGolide : Kwinkqubo yokutsalwa kwegolide, i-sodium cyanide isabela negolide ukuze yenze i-complex enyibilikayo, ngaloo ndlela yahlula igolide kwi-ore.

2.I-Organic Synthesis

• Isetyenziselwa ukwenza iicyanides, i-pharmaceutical intermediates (ezifana ne-vitamin B1), iidayi, izibulali-zinambuzane, njl.

• Njenge-reagent ye-nucleophilic kwi-organic synthesis, ithatha inxaxheba kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali.

3.Izicelo zaseLabhoratri

• Isetyenziswe njenge-reagent yokuhlalutya (njengokumiselwa kwee-ion zetsimbi ezifana ne-cobalt kunye nobhedu), okanye njenge-catalyst kwiimvavanyo ezithile.

III. Iipropati zeSodium Cyanide

1.IiPropati zoMzimba

• Inkangeleko : Iikristale ezimhlophe okanye umgubo, othambileyo ngokulula.

• Ukunyibilika : Inyibilika lula emanzini, kwaye isisombululo samanzi sine-alkaline kakhulu; sinyibilika kancinci kwi-ethanol.

• Iqondo lokunyibilika : Malunga nama-563.7°C, kwaye iqondo lokubila limalunga ne-1496°C.

2.IiPropati zeChemical

• Ubuthi : Inobungozi kakhulu. Umthamo obulalayo womlomo umalunga ne-1 - 2 mg/kg (kubantu abadala).

• I-Reactivity : Isabela kunye nee-asidi ukuvelisa igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide (HCN) enetyhefu kakhulu; inokubangela ukusabela okunamandla xa idibana nee-oxidants ezinamandla.

• Uzinzo : Izinzile emoyeni owomileyo, kodwa iya kubola kancinci xa ibekwe emanzini okanye emoyeni ofumileyo, ikhuphe igesi enobuthi.

IV. ImiGaqo yoKhuseleko

1.I-Toxicity Mechanism kunye neeNgozi

• Ubuthi beSodium cyanide buvela kwi-cyanide ion (CN⁻) eyikhuphayo, enokuthintela ii-enzymes zokuphefumla zeseli, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-tissue hypoxia, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, ukufa.

• Iimpawu zeTyhefu ebukhali : Intloko ebuhlungu, isicaphucaphu, ukuphelelwa ngamandla, ukudideka, kwanokuxhuzula kunye nokuma kwentliziyo.

2.Amanyathelo oKhuselo

• Ukhuseleko Lobuqu : Nxiba impahla yokuzikhusela, iiglavu, iiglasi zeglasi, kwaye usebenzise imaski yegesi (kunye nekhatriji yesihluzi).

• Indawo yokusebenza : Sebenzisa kwindawo yokukhupha umoya okanye kwindawo evaliweyo ukuze uphephe ukusasazeka kothuli.

3.Ukugcinwa kunye noThutho

• Indawo yokugcina evaliweyo : Gcina kwindawo eyomileyo nepholileyo, kude nee-asidi, ii-oxidants, kunye nokutya.

• Ukulebhelisha kunye nesilumkiso : Isikhongozeli kufuneka sibhalwe iilebheli zesilumkiso ezifana nethi "Highly Toxic" kunye nethi "Corrosive".

4.Unyango olungxamisekileyo

• Unyango lokuvuza : Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela, gquma into evuzayo ngesanti okanye izinto ezingasebenziyo, kwaye uphephe ukudibana ngqo.

• Uncedo Lokuqala Lokutyhefa : Mthuthe umntu onetyhefu ngoko nangoko uye kwindawo enomoya omtsha, gcina indlela yomoya ingaphazanyiswa, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza, kwaye wazise abasebenzi bezonyango ngale nto inetyhefu.

5.Ukuthotyelwa kweMimiselo

• I-sodium cyanide yikhemikhali eyingozi elawulwa ngokungqongqo ngurhulumente. Kuyimfuneko ukuthobela iMimiselo yoLawulo loKhuseleko lweMichiza eyiNgozi, kwaye imvume iyafuneka ekuthuthweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwayo.

V. Case Warnings

Kwingozi yokuqhuma kwePort yaseTianjin kwi-2015. ukuvuza kwe-sodium cyanide kutsale ingqalelo ebanzi, kugxininisa imiphumo emibi yokugcina nokulawula okungafanelekanga. Esi siganeko sisebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokuba naluphi na ukungakhathali kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo eyintlekele, kwaye kufuneka sihlale sinomgangatho ophezulu wokuqapha.

VI. Ukuqukumbela

I-sodium cyanide "ikrele elintlangothi-mbini". Ukusetyenziswa kwayo okunengqiqo kunokukhuthaza inkqubela kwimizi-mveliso, kodwa ukuba ukhuseleko aluhoywa, lusenokukhokelela kwiintlekele. Ukuqonda ukusetyenziswa kwayo, iipropati, kunye nemimiselo yokhuseleko luxanduva lwakhe wonke umntu odibana nayo. Kuphela ngokuyiphatha ngokwesayensi kunye nokuthatha amanyathelo angqongqo okukhusela sinokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lomntu kunye nempilo yokusingqongileyo.