Iindlela kunye neeNkqubo zokuSusa i-Cyanide kwi-Sulfide Mineral Surfaces

INUkuveliswa

Kwi Uncedo kwaye Ukunyibilikaiinkqubo of non - ferrous metal ores sulfide, benqanda is often used to increase Ukubuyiselwa kwesinyithi rates. However, the i-cyanide reMAining on the surface of Sulfide Ores not only has a negative imPACt on subsequent inkqubo yokuhambas but also caUsebenzisa kakhulu indawoal problems. Therefore, the development of efficient and Indawo intle methods for removing i-cyanide on the surface of sulfide ores is of great practical significance.

Current Situation and Iingozi of benqanda Residue on Sulfide umgangatho weemineralis

Imeko yangoku

Kwimveli Inkqubo yeFlotation of sulfide ores, cyanide is widely used as an Isithinteli. It can selectively inhibit certain unwanted izimbiwa in sulfide ores, thus ACHieving the Hlukana ekujoliswe kuko izimbiwa ku Iiminerali zeGangue. Kodwa emva Ukudibanisa, a large amount of cyanide will adsorb on the surface of sulfide ores. According to relevant research, in some concentrators, the cyanide content on the surface of sulfide ore I ngqalelo emva Ukuhamba can be as high as several hundred milligrams per kilogram.

ingozis

From a technological perspective, the remaining cyanide will interfere with the subsequent kunyibilikisa process. For example, during the Ukunyibilika of sulfide yobhedu ores, cyanide will form complexes with ubhedu, reducing the smelting ukusebenza of zobhedu and increasing energy ukusebenzisa. From an envisinyithimental perspective, cyanide is a inetyhefu kakhulu substance. When tailings wasteamanzi containing cyanide is discharged into the natural envisinyithiment, it will pollute water bodies and umhlaba, endanger aquatic organisms and surrounding vegetation, and even pose a threat to Impilo yabantu ngokusebenzisa ukutya itsheyini.

Iindlela zokuSusa i-Cyanide kwi-Sulfide Mineral Surfaces

Indlela ye-oxidation

1.Indlela ye-Chemical Oxidation

• IprinCIPle: Sebenzisa ngamandla i-oxidants to oxidize cyanide into less yityhefu or non - toxic substances. Common I-oxidants ziquka ihydrogen peroxide (H2O2), isodiyam hypochlorite (NaClO), njalo ukuthatha Hydrogen peroxide as an example, its asabela equation is: (2CN+5H2O2 = 2HCO3 + N2↑+4H2O).

• Inkqubo yokuSebenza: First, place the sulfide ore ipulp containing cyanide in a reaction tank and adjust the Ixabiso le-pH of the pulp to an appropriate range (generally, for Ihydrogen peroxideoxidization, the pH value is preferably between 9 - 11). Then, slowly add Hydrogen peroxide solution while stirring to make the oxidant fully contact and react with the pulp. The reaction time usually ranges from 1 - 3 hours, and the specific time depends on the ugxininiso lwecyanide in the pulp and the Properties of the ore.

• eziluncedo: The reaction speed is relatively fast, and the removal effect of cyanide is good, which can reduce the Ugxininiso lweCyanide to a relatively low level.

• nezingeloncedo: Oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide are relatively costly, and excessive oxidants may have an impact on subsequent beneficiation or smelting processes.

I-Adsorption indlela yokwenza

1.Ufakelo lweCarbon olusebenzayo indlela yokwenza

• Siseko: Ivuliwe ICarbon inomkhulu indawo ethile yomphezulu kwaye zizityebi isakhiwo pores, which can adsorb cyanide on its surface through physical and chemical intengiselwano.

• Inkqubo yokuSebenza: Yongeza Ikhabhoni esebenzayo to the sulfide ore pulp containing cyanide and stir thoroughly to make the ikhabhoni esebenzayo fully contact with the cyanide in the pulp. The UKUNGENISWA time is generally 30 minutes to 2 hours. After adsorption, separate the Ikhabhoni esebenzayo from the pulp by U kucoca okanye ezinye iindlela.

• eziluncedo: The operation is simple, and it has a good adsorption effect on low - concentration cyanide. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo can be regenerated and reused.

• nezingeloncedo: For high - concentration cyanide, the amandla e-adsorption is limited, and improper treatment of the adsorbed activated carbon will cause secondary pollution.

2.Ion - Exchange Resin Adsorption Indlela

• Siseko: Ion - exchange nentlaka contain specific functional groUPs that can exchange with the ions in cyanide, thereby adsorbing cyanide on the resin.

• Inkqubo yokuSebenza: Load the ion - exchange resin into an exchange column and make the sulfide ore pulp containing cyanide pass through the exchange column. Control the pulp flow rate to ensure that the cyanide fully exchanges with the resin. When the resin is saturated with adsorption, use a specific ulwazi to elute and regenerate the resin.

• eziluncedo: It has a high adsorption ukukhetha for cyanide and can achieve continuous operation.

• Iingxaki : Ixabiso le-resin liphezulu, inkqubo yokucoca iyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye ulwelo olune-cyanide olune-elution waste lunokuveliswa.

Ezinye iindlela

1.asidi - isiseko Indlela yokungathathi hlangothi

• Siseko: Under certain conditions, cyanide will undergo hydrolysis reactions in acidic or alkaline Envintsimbiments to generate less toxic or non - toxic substances. For example, in an acidic condition, cyanide will react with hydrogen ions to form i-hydrocyanic acid (I-HCN), which can be removed by volatilization; in an alkaline condition, cyanide hydrolyzes to form cyanate and other substances.

• Inkqubo yokuSebenza: If acidic hydrolysis is adopted, slowly add acidic solutions such as dilute isulfuric acid to the sulfide ore pulp containing cyanide, adjust the pH value to 2 - 4. and then aerate to volatilize the generated Hydrocyanic acid. If alkaline hydrolysis is adopted, add alkaline substances such as isodiyam hayidroksayidi, adjust the pH value to 10 - 12. and react for a certain period (generally 2 - 4 hours).

• Iingenelo : Ixabiso liphantsi kakhulu, kwaye umsebenzi ulula kakhulu.

• nezingeloncedo: I I-Hydrocyanic Acid generated during acidic hydrolysis is Ityhefu kakhulu and requires strict Amanyathelo oKhuselo; the alkaline hydrolysis reaction speed is slow, and there may still be a small amount of cyanide residue after treatment.

Uyilo lweNkqubo yokuHamba yokususa iCyanide kuMphezulu weMineral yeSulfidi

unyango lwangaphambili Isigaba

1. Uhlengahlengiso lwePulp: Adjust the concentration of the sulfide ore pulp after flotation. Generally, the pulp concentration is controlled between 20% - 40% for subsequent treatment. At the same time, detect the initial Ugxininiso lweCyanide in the pulp to provide a basis for deterImigodi subsequent process parameters.

2. ukususwa kokungcola: Remove large - particle impurities and some suspended solids in the pulp by filtration, Ukwahlulahlula, etc., to prevent them from interfering with subsequent treatment processes.

Inqanaba lokususa

1. Indlela yoKhetho: Select an appropriate removal method according to factors such as the cyanide concentration in the pulp, ore properties, treatment cost, and Ukukhuselwa kwendaloiimfuno. For example, for high - concentration cyanide and cases where cost is not a concern, the chemical Indlela ye-oxidation inokubekwa phambili; kwi-low-concentration cyanide kunye nokusingqongileyo-izihlandlo zokuqonda, indlela ye-biological oxidation okanye indlela ye-adsorption inokufaneleka ngakumbi.

2. Ulawulo lweeParamitha zeNkqubo : Ukuthatha i-hydrogen peroxide oxidation kwindlela ye-Chemical oxidation njengomzekelo, lawula ngokungqongqo ubungakanani be-hydrogen peroxide eyongeziweyo (ngokubanzi ibalwe ngokwe-cyanide concentration kunye ne-reaction equation), ubushushu bokusabela (ngokubanzi yi-20 - 30℃), ixabiso le-pH (9 - 11), kunye nesantya sokushukumisa (ii-revolutions ezili-100 - 300 ngomzuzu) kunye nezinye iiparameter ukuqinisekisa ukusabela okusebenzayo.

Isithuba - unyango Stage

1. Iqinile - Ulwelo Hlukana: Separate the pulp after Ukususwa kweCyanide by filtration, centrifugation, etc. to obtain purified sulfide ore concentrates and wastewater containing a small amount of cyanide.

2. Unyango lwamanzi amdaka: Further treat the separated wastewater to meet national discharge standards. Secondary oxidation, adsorption, and other methods can be used to deeply remove cyanide in the wastewater to ensure Khu selekile ukukhupha.

isiphelo

There are various methods for removing cyanide on the surface of sulfide ores, and each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. In practical izicelo, it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as ore properties, cyanide concentration, treatment cost, and ukukhuselwa kwendalo requirements to select appropriate methods and process flows. With the increasingly stringent Ukukhuselwa kwendalo requirements and the continuous progress of technology, the development of more efficient, Indawo intle, yaye ixabiso eliphantsi technologies for removing cyanide on the surface of sulfide ores will be the key research direction in the future. Through continuous Inkqubo yokusebenza, it is expected to achieve zero - discharge of cyanide in the beneficiation and smelting processes of sulfide ores and promote the Uphuhliso oluphathekayo of the non - ferrous metal ishishini.