Isodium Cyanide: Isithako esiBalulekileyo kwi-Industrial Gold Smelting

Kwilizwe elintsonkothileyo nelinomtsalane le Ukunyibilikiswa kweGolide kuShishino, Isodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo neyimfuneko. Le khemikhali ibaluleke kakhulu ibe yintloko yembombo Ukutsalwa kwegolide inkqubo ngaphezu kwenkulungwane, kwaye ukubaluleka kwayo kuyaqhubeka kwimisebenzi yemigodi yanamhlanje.

Iziseko zeSodium Cyanide

Sodium i-cyanide, kunye ne-chemical formula NaCN, i-compound equkethe iqela le-cyano, elibonisa i-carbon triple-bond nitrogen kunye ne-nitrogen. Ikho kwiifom ezimbini eziphambili kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso: eqinileyo kunye neyolwelo. Iqinile sodium cyanide iveliswa ngokwesiqhelo njengeebriquette ezimhlophe zekristale, ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi "cyanoids." Ezi brikethi zinyibilika kakhulu emanzini, eyipropathi ebalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kwazo kwinkqubo yokomba igolide. Ulwelo Isodium cyanide, kwelinye icala, ithuthelwa kwiindawo zemigodi nge-iso-tank ezikhethekileyo ezilungele uthutho lwendlela okanye lukaloliwe. Le fomu ivumela ukuphathwa kunye nokuhanjiswa lula kwimisebenzi yemigodi emikhulu.

I-Sodium Cyanide kwiMigodi yeGolide: Inkqubo yeCyanide Leaching

Inkqubo yokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide ukukhupha igolide kwi-ore yaziwa ngokuba I-Cyanide Leaching okanye i-cyanidation. Le ndlela iye yaliguqula ishishini lemigodi yegolide ngokwenza ukuba ukombiwa kwegolide kwiintsimbi zomgangatho ophantsi ebezikade zingenaqoqosho ukuba zisetyenzwe. Nali inyathelo elineenkcukacha - nge-nyathelo lesishwankathelo sendlela le nkqubo eyenzekayo:

Ukulungiselela intsimbi

Uhambo lokutsalwa kwegolide luqala ngokulungiswa kwentsimbi ekrwada. Igolide - intsimbi ekrwada iqale icunyuzwe ibe ngumgubo ocolekileyo kusetyenziswa oomatshini abanamandla boshishino. Eli nyathelo libalulekile njengoko linyusa kakhulu indawo engaphezulu yentsimbi ekrwada. Ummandla omkhulu womphezulu uvumela unxibelelwano olungcono phakathi kwe-ore kunye nesisombululo se-sodium cyanide kwisinyathelo esilandelayo sokuvuza. Umzekelo, kumgodi omkhulu wegolide, izityumli ezinkulu zisetyenziselwa ukwaphula intsimbi ekrwada ibe ngamasuntswana amancinane, ngamanye amaxesha acoleke kangangeemilimitha ezimbalwa ngobukhulu. Emva kokutyunyuzwa, intsimbi ekrwada inokuqhubeka neenkqubo zokusila ukuze kuphunyezwe ubungakanani bamasuntswana obunqwenelekayo bokufumana i-cyanide leaching.

UkuFunda

Emva kokuba i-ore ikwifom efanelekileyo yomgubo, yongezwa kwisisombululo esinononophelo se-sodium cyanide. Ngethuba le nkqubo ye-leaching, ukusabela kweekhemikhali okuphawulekayo kwenzeka. Iimolekyuli zegolide ezikwintsimbi ekrwada zenza iibhondi ezinamandla kakhulu kunye nesodium cyanide, ziguquka zibe yimo enyibilikayo emanzini. I-equation yeekhemikhali yale mpendulo ilandelayo: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O = 4Na(Au(CN)₂)+ 4NaOH. Kule mpendulo, igolide isabela kunye nesodium cyanide, ioksijini, kunye namanzi ukwenza igolide enyibilikayo - cyanide complex, sodium aurocyanide (Na(Au(CN)₂)). Ioksijini ekuphenduleni isebenza njenge-agent e-oxidizing, iququzelela ukuchithwa kwegolide. Le ntshukumo ikholisa ukwenzeka kumatanki amakhulu avuzayo, apho umxube we-ore-cyanide uqhubeka ushukunyiswa ukuqinisekisa ukudibana okufanayo kunye nokusabela okusebenzayo.

Ukwahlula

Emva kokuba igolide ichithwe ngempumelelo kwisisombululo, umngeni olandelayo kukuhlula kwi-ore eseleyo kunye nokunye ukungcola. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zokuphumeza oku kwahlula.

Enye indlela ibandakanya ukusebenzisa i-zinc ukukhupha igolide kwisisombululo. I-Zinc yongezwa kwisisombululo segolide - i-cyanide, kwaye isabela ngegolide - i-cyanide complex. Kule ndlela yokusabela, i-zinc isusa igolide kwindawo eyinkimbinkimbi, yenze i-zinc-cyanide complex kwaye iguqule igolide ibe yimo eqinileyo. Igolide eqinileyo inokwahlulwa ngokulula kwisisombululo ngokucoca okanye ezinye iindlela zokwahlula.

Enye indlela esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kukusebenzisa ikhabhoni esebenzayo ukubhengeza igolide-cyanide complex kwisisombululo. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo inommandla omkhulu kunye nobudlelwane obuphezulu begolide - icyanide complex. Isisombululo sigqithiswa ngombhede wekhabhoni esebenzayo, kunye negolide - i-cyanide complex inamathele kumphezulu wekhabhoni. Ikhabhoni egcwele igolide iye iphinde ilungiswe kwakhona ukuze kufumaneke igolide. Oku kunokubandakanya iinkqubo ezifana ne-desorption, apho igolide isuswa kwikhabhoni isebenzisa isisombululo esifanelekileyo samachiza, ilandelwa yi-electrolysis ukufumana igolide ecocekileyo.

Izinto eziluncedo zokuSebenzisa iSodium Cyanide kwiMigodi yeGolide

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwimigodi yegolide kunika iingenelo ezininzi ezahlukileyo eziye zayenza yayindlela ekhethwayo kuninzi lwemisebenzi yorhwebo yemigodi yegolide.

Iindleko - Ukusebenza kakuhle

Isodium cyanide ayibizi kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nezinye iindlela ezininzi zokutsalwa kwegolide. Ezi ndleko - ukusebenza ngempumelelo yeyona nto iluncedo, ngakumbi kwiinkampani zemigodi ezijongene nemisebenzi emikhulu okanye i-ores yomgangatho ophantsi. Umzekelo, xa kusembiwa ii-ore zomgangatho ophantsi apho isiqulatho segolide siyinxalenye nje embalwa kwisigidi ngasinye, ukusebenzisa iindlela ezizezinye zokombiwa kungabiza kakhulu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kuvumela ukutsalwa kwegolide kwezi ore ngexabiso elifanelekileyo, okwenza umsebenzi wokumbiwa kwemigodi ube noqoqosho.

UkuPhumelela okuPhezulu

I-Cyanide leaching isebenza kakhulu ekukhupheni igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada. Kwiimeko ezininzi, inokufikelela kumazinga okukhutshwa kwegolide angaphezu kwama-90%. Oku kusebenza kakuhle kuthetha ukuba igolide eninzi inokufunyanwa kwintsimbi ekrwada, kwandisa kakhulu inzuzo yokusebenza kwemigodi. Ukukwazi ukukhupha ipesenti enkulu yegolide ekhoyo kwi-ore kunciphisa inkunkuma kwaye kwandisa ixabiso lemithombo yombiwa.

Umzimba

Isodium cyanide inonyibiliko olugqwesileyo emanzini. Le propati ivumela ukuba isasazeke ngokukhawuleza kwaye iphendule ngegolide kwi-ore, ngaloo ndlela ikhawuleza inkqubo yokukhutshwa. Kwiitanki ezikhuphayo, i-sodium cyanide enyibilikayo inokungena ngokukhawuleza kwi-ore ecolekileyo-engumgubo, idibane namasuntswana egolide kwaye iququzelele ukusekwa kwegolide enyibilikayo - icyanide complex. Olu hlobo olukhawulezayo lokusebenza kwe-sodium cyanide lunegalelo ekusebenzeni ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide.

Iingqwalasela zoKhuseleko nokusiNgqongileyo

Nangona i-sodium cyanide sisixhobo esinamandla kwimigodi yegolide, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba yikhemikhali enetyhefu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ishishini lemigodi liphumeze iiprothokholi ezingqongqo zokhuseleko ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwe-sodium cyanide.

Ukhuseleko ekuPhatheni

EMntla Melika naseOstreliya, akukhange kubekho kufa okunxulumene necyanide phakathi kwabasebenzi basemgodini ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-100, ngenxa yala manyathelo okhuseleko angqongqo. Xa uphethe i-sodium cyanide, abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokukhusela. Oku kuquka iimaski zokukhusela kuthuli oluphuma emoyeni okanye iigesi eziqulethe umkhondo we-cyanide. Iiglavu kunye nempahla ekhuselayo nazo zinxitywa ukuthintela ukudibana kwesikhumba kunye nekhemikhali. Ukongezelela, uqeqesho olufanelekileyo lunikezelwa kubo bonke abasebenzi ababandakanyekayo ekuphatheni nasekusebenziseni i-sodium cyanide. Bafundiswa ngeengozi ezinokubakho zekhemikhali kunye neenkqubo ezichanekileyo zokuyiphatha ukunciphisa iingozi.

Impembelelo yokusiNgqongileyo kunye nokuNcitshiswa

Ukusuka kwimbono yokusingqongileyo, eyona nto ixhalabisayo kukuba i-cyanide ikwazi ukungena emanzini angaphezulu. Intlanzi kunye nezinye izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini zinovelwano kakhulu kwicyanide kunabantu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kwecyanide kunokuba nefuthe elibi kwi-ecosystem yendalo. Ukunciphisa lo mngcipheko, iinkampani zemigodi zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawula nokunyanga icyanide - equlethe izisombululo.

Imigodi emininzi ineendawo zokunyanga kwisiza ukukhupha icyanide phambi kokukhupha nawaphina amanzi. Ezi zityalo zonyango zisebenzisa iinkqubo zeekhemikhali ukudiliza i-cyanide kwizinto ezingenabungozi. Ukongezelela, iinkqubo zokukhusela zikhona ukukhusela ukukhutshwa ngengozi kwe-cyanide - equlethe izisombululo. Ngokomzekelo, amachibi anemigca kunye namatanki okugcina asetyenziselwa ukugcina izisombululo ze-cyanide, kwaye ukubeka iliso elibukhali kuqhutyelwa ukukhangela nayiphi na imvula okanye ukuchithwa ngokukhawuleza.

isiphelo

Isodium cyanide ibi, kwaye isaqhubeka, iyikhemikhali ebalulekileyo kwishishini lemigodi yegolide. Isakhono sayo esikhethekileyo sokukhupha igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada ngexabiso eliphantsi ngokwentelekiso yenze ukuba ibe yinxalenye yemisebenzi yanamhlanje yokomba igolide. Ngelixa ukhuseleko kunye nokukhathazeka kokusingqongileyo kuhambelana nokusetyenziswa kwayo, ishishini lezemigodi lenze inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo ekuphuhliseni iinkqubo zokuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nezicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokulawula indalo. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuvela, kuya kuba ngumdla ukubona ukuba iindlela ezintsha zokutsalwa kwegolide ziyavela. Nangona kunjalo, kwikamva elibonakalayo, i-sodium cyanide inokuhlala ingumdlali ophambili kumzamo wokuvula ixabiso legolide kwi-ore.