Indima yeSodium Cyanide kunye ne-Alkali ekhuselayo kwiNkqubo yokuLeaching yeCyanidation

intshayelelo

I-Cyanidation leaching yinkqubo esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lemigodi yokukhupha igolide nesilivere kwintsimbi ekrwada. Kule nkqubo, Isodium cyanide kwaye Ialkali ekhuselayo dlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ukuqonda imisebenzi yabo kubalulekile ekuphuculeni inkqubo ye-cyanidation, ukuphucula izinga lokubuyisela isinyithi, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza.

Indima yeSodium Cyanide

Ukunyibilika kweGolide kunye neSilivere

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) isebenza njenge-agent ephambili ye-leaching kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation. Umsebenzi wayo ongundoqo kukunyibilikisa igolide kunye nesilivere ngaphakathi kwentsimbi ekrwada, okukhokelela ekuyilweni kwe-soluble metal cyanide complexes. Phambi kweoksijini kunye namanzi, Isodium cyanide Isabela ngegolide nesilivere. Le ndlela yokusabela iguqula iintsimbi zibe yimixube enokunyibilika ngokulula kwisisombululo samanzi, esisisiseko Inkqubo ye-cyanidation leaching.

Ukuchaphazela iReyithi yokuLeaching

Uxinzelelo lwe sodium cyanide kwisisombululo se-leaching kuchaphazela kakhulu izinga legolide kunye nesilivere. Ngokuqhelekileyo, phakathi koluhlu oluthile, ukunyuka kwe-sodium cyanide concentration kukhawuleza izinga lokuhlamba. Iiyoni ezininzi ze-cyanide zithetha ukuba zininzi ii-reactants ezifumanekayo kwi-reactivity reaction, ngaloo ndlela ikhuthaza ukusekwa kwee-metal cyanide complexes. Nangona kunjalo, ukugxila okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-sodium cyanide kukhokelela ekunyukeni kweendleko kunye neengozi ezinokubakho zendalo. Ukongezelela, i-cyanide egqithisileyo inokusabela kunye namanye amacandelo kwi-ore, njenge-metal sulfides. Ezi mpendulo zisebenzisa icyanide, zinciphisa ukusebenza kwayo ekunyibilikiseni igolide nesilivere.

Ukusebenzisana namanye aMalungu kwintsimbi ekrwada

I-Ore iqulethe ukungcola okwahlukeneyo kunye namacandelo ngaphandle kwegolide nesilivere, kunye ne-sodium cyanide inokunxibelelana nezi zinto, ezichaphazela inkqubo ye-cyanidation. Ngokomzekelo, iiminerali zobhedu kwi-ore zisabela nge-sodium cyanide ukuze zenze i-copper cyanide complexes, idla i-cyanide kwinkqubo. Iimpendulo ngeeminerali zobhedu ezahlukeneyo ziyahluka ngokwezinga kunye neemveliso. Ezinye iiminerali ze-copper sulfide, ezifana ne-chalcopyrite, zisabela nge-cyanide phambi kwe-oksijini, zivelisa i-cyanide yobhedu kunye ne-sulfure-equlethe iimveliso. Oku akunciphisi kuphela isixa se-cyanide esifumanekayo sokunyibilikisa igolide nesilivere kodwa kusenokuvelisa izinto eziphazamisana neenkqubo zokubuyisela isinyithi.

Indima yoKhuseleko lweAlkali

Ukugcina uZinzo lweCyanide Solution

Omnye wemisebenzi ephambili yealkali ekhuselayo kukugcina uzinzo lwesisombululo se-cyanide. I-Cyanide ion kwisisombululo ixhomekeke kwi-hydrolysis, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezine-acidic. Ngexesha le-hydrolysis, ii-ion ze-cyanide zinokwenza i-hydrogen cyanide, igesi enetyhefu kakhulu kunye ne-volatile. Oku akubangeli kuphela ilahleko ye-cyanide kodwa ikwabeka isoyikiso esiqatha kokusingqongileyo nakwimpilo yabantu. I-alkalis ekhuselayo, njenge-calcium hydroxide (i-lime), i-sodium hydroxide, okanye i-potassium hydroxide, yandisa ixabiso le-pH yesisombululo. Ngokuphakamisa i-pH, batshintshe ukulingana kweekhemikhali ngendlela yokunciphisa i-hydrolysis ye-cyanide, iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye-cyanidation kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide ngenxa ye-hydrolysis.

Ukunciphisa iMpembelelo yeZimbiwa ezinobungozi

I-Ore ingaba neeminerali ezinobungozi kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation, njenge-pyrrhotite. Ezi zimbiwa zisabela ngecyanide kunye neoksijini, zitya ezi zinto zibalulekileyo kwaye ziphazamise ukunyibilika kwegolide nesilivere. Xa i-alkali ekhuselayo yongezwa ngexesha lokugaya i-ore, inokukhupha ezi zimbiwa ezinobungozi okanye zibangele ukuba zenze i-precipitates, zisuse ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa kukho i-lime, i-pyrrhotite inokuthi ifakwe i-oxidized, ibangele ukubunjwa kwe-iron hydroxide precipitates kunye ne-sulfure-equlethe iikhompawundi. Le nkqubo ithomalalisa ifuthe elibi leeminerali ezinobungozi kwi-cyanidation, iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwegolide nesilivere.

Ukulungelelanisa i-pH yexabiso lePulp

Ixabiso le-pH le-pulp ngexesha lenkqubo ye-cyanidation yiparameter ebalulekileyo, kwaye i-alkali yokukhusela isetyenziselwa ukuyilungisa kuluhlu olufanelekileyo. Kwiinkqubo ezininzi ze-cyanidation, i-pH ephakathi kwe-9 kunye ne-12 ifanelekile ngokubanzi. Ngaphakathi kolu luhlu, isisombululo se-cyanide sihlala sizinzile, kwaye ukuchithwa kwegolide kunye nesilivere kuqhubeka kakuhle. Ukuba i-pH iphantsi kakhulu, i-cyanide hydrolysis iba yinto ebalulekileyo, yehlisa izinga lokuvuza kwegolide nesilivere. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-pH ephezulu kakhulu inokuchaphazela kakubi iipropati zomphezulu we-ore particles kunye ne-reaction kinetics yegolide kunye nesilivere yokuchithwa. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zealkali zokukhusela zingakhethwa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu ezithile ze-ore. Ikalika isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphantsi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwiimeko ezininzi. Xa usebenzisa i-lime njenge-alkali ekhuselayo, isoloko idityaniswe ngendlela yobisi lwekalika ukwenzela ukulawula okungcono ubungakanani kunye nenkqubo yokusabela.

Ukusebenzisana phakathi kweSodium Cyanide kunye ne-Alkali ekhuselayo

Imisebenzi ye-sodium cyanide kunye ne-alkali ekhuselayo idibene ngokusondeleyo kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation leaching process. I-alkali ekhuselayo iqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesisombululo se-sodium cyanide, eyenza ukuba ichithe ngokufanelekileyo igolide nesilivere. Ngelo xesha, ubukho be-sodium cyanide kwisisombululo buchaphazela ukusebenza kwe-alkali ekhuselayo. Iimveliso zokusabela ze-sodium cyanide kunye namanye amacandelo e-ore anokutshintsha i-pH yesisombululo, kwaye i-alkali ekhuselayo kufuneka iqhubeke ilungisa i-pH ukugcina iimeko ezifanelekileyo ze-cyanidation. Umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wesodium cyanide kunye nealkali ekhuselayo ibalulekile. Ukugqithiswa kwealkali ekhuselayo kunokukhokelela kwi-alkalinity ephezulu kakhulu, kube nefuthe elibi kwi-cyanidation reaction. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-alkali yokukhusela enganeleyo, iyasilela ekuqinisekiseni ukuzinza kwesisombululo se-cyanide, okubangelwa ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kunye nokunciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching. Ke ngoko, kwimisebenzi yenkqubo ye-cyanidation yokwenyani, kuyimfuneko ukulawula ngononophelo iidosi zesodium cyanide kunye ne-alkali ekhuselayo ngokweempawu ze-ore kunye neemfuno zenkqubo ukufezekisa ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo.

isiphelo

Kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation leaching process, i-sodium cyanide kunye ne-alkali ekhuselayo zizinto zombini ezibalulekileyo. I-sodium cyanide inoxanduva lokunyibilikisa igolide kunye nesilivere, ngelixa i-alkali ekhuselayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukuzinza kwesisombululo se-cyanide, ukunciphisa impembelelo yamaminerali ayingozi, kunye nokulungelelanisa ixabiso le-pH le-pulp. Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokulingana kwezi zinto zimbini zibalulekile ekuphuculeni inkqubo ye-cyanidation, ukuphucula izinga lokubuyisela igolide nesilivere, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso. Abaqhubi bezemigodi kufuneka bafunde ngokucokisekileyo iimpawu ze-ore kwaye baqhube iimvavanyo ezifanelekileyo ukufumanisa iidosi ezifanelekileyo kunye neemeko zokusebenza ze-sodium cyanide kunye ne-alkali yokukhusela ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuzinzileyo kwenkqubo ye-cyanidation leaching.