Umda oSebenzayo kunye nokuHamba kweNkqubo yokuLeaching iVat yeCyanidation kwiMigodi yeGolide

1. intshayelelo

The ICyanidation vat leaching method yinkqubo ebalulekileyo kwimigodi yegolide yokukhupha igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada. Le ndlela inomda wayo othile osebenzayo kunye noluhlu lwamanyathelo enkqubo achazwe kakuhle, adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekutsalweni ngokufanelekileyo kobutyebi begolide.

2. Umda osebenzayo

2.1 Imfuneko yobungakanani beNcam yentsimbi ekrwada

Intsimbi ekrwada yegolide elungele indlela yokukhutshwa kwevat ngokwesiqhelo inokuhanjiswa kwegolide ecolekileyo. Xa amasuntswana egolide kwintsimbi ekrwada ecolekileyo kakhulu, kunzima ukuwahlula ngeendlela ezilula zokwahlula ngokwasemzimbeni njengokwahlulwa komxhuzulane. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, indlela ye-cyanidation vat leaching ingasetyenziswa. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye i-oxide - uhlobo lwe-ores yegolide, igolide ihlala ikhona ngendlela yeenkozo ezintle, ezinokunyangwa ngokufanelekileyo nge-vat leaching.

2.2 Imfuno yeBakala le-Ore

Le ndlela ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwi-low-grade okanye kwi-ultra-low-grade ores yegolide. Kumgangatho ophakamileyo wentsimbi yegolide, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nexesha elincinci - iindlela zokutsalwa ezinokuthi zikhethwe. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezikrwada zomgangatho ophantsi apho isiqulatho segolide ngeyunithi yobunzima bentsimbi isezantsi noko, indlela yokukhutshwa kwevat isenakho ukuzuza ukutsalwa kwezoqoqosho phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ixabiso eliphantsi ngokwentelekiso yenkqubo yokukhupha ivat iyenza ibe lukhetho olusebenzayo ekusetyenzweni kwentsimbi enjalo.

2.3 IMfuneko yokuGcina iOre

Iintsimbi ezikrwada ezingangeneki kakuhle nazo zikulungele ukuvuzwa kwevat. Ukuba intsimbi ekrwada inokungena kakuhle, i-ore i-cyanide Isisombululo sinokuhamba kwintsimbi ekrwada ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, okukhokelela kwixesha elingonelanga lokunxibelelana phakathi kwecyanide negolide, kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe isantya segolide sokuvuza. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kwii-ores ezinokungena kakuhle, indlela ye-vat leaching inokulawula izinga lokuhamba kunye nexesha lokuqhagamshelana nesisombululo se-cyanide kwi-ore ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezingcono zokukhupha. Umzekelo, i-iron oxide - i-capping - uhlobo lwe-ores oluqulethe igolide ecolekileyo kunye ne-quartz ene-oxidized - i-vein - uhlobo lwe-ores ene-fire-ecolekileyo yegolide ihlala ingenabuphene kwaye ikulungele ukuhlanjululwa kwevat. Indlela yokukhutshwa kwevat ingafikelela kwireyithi yokufumana i-beneficiation of 70 - 90% kwezo zimbiwa.

3. UkuHamba kweNkqubo

3.1 Ukulungiswa kweeVathi zokuLeaching

Iivathi zokuvuza ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo zihlala zenziwe ngezinto ezinje ngomthi, intsimbi, okanye ikhonkrithi. Umzantsi wevathi unokuba mcaba okanye uthambekele kancinci, kwaye imilo ingaba setyhula, uxande, okanye isikwere. Ngaphakathi kwi-vat, i-bottom yobuxoki eyenziwe nge-asidi ene-perforated - iipleyiti ezixhathisayo zifakwe. Ilaphu lokucoca libekwe phantsi kobuxoki, kwaye igridi eyenziwe ngemicu yokhuni okanye i-corrosion - imicu yetsimbi enganyangekiyo igqunywe kwilaphu lokucoca. Umzantsi ongeyonyani usetyenziselwa ukuhluza nokuxhasa intsimbi ekrwada. Phambi kokuba kuqaliswe inkqubo yokucoca, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba iivathi, ngakumbi ivathi yokuvuza kunye nehlwempu - ivathi yolwelo, ayinamanzi kwaye yomile.

3.2 Unyango lwangaphambili lwentsimbi ekrwada - Ukutyumza kunye nokuHlola

Igolide egayiweyo - i-ores ethwele i-ores kufuneka icolwe ukuya kwi-particle ethile. Okokuqala, ii-ores zondliwa kwinqanaba lokutyumza ukuqhawulwa okulula. Ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani obufunekayo bamasuntswana entsimbi, kukho imisebenzi erhabaxa - yokutyumza, ephakathi - yokutyumza, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-crusher yomhlathi isetyenziselwa i-coarse - ukutyumza, enokunciphisa ubungakanani be-particle malunga ne-50 - 100mm. Emva koko, i-cone crusher isetyenziselwa umsebenzi ophakathi - ukutyumza kunye nokucotha - ukunciphisa ubungakanani be-particle ukuya kwi-5 - 25mm. Emva kokutyumza, i-ores ihlolwe yisikrini sokungcangcazela ukuqinisekisa ubungakanani besuntswana elifanayo. I-coarse - ores ene-grained engahlangabezani neemfuno zibuyiselwa kwisityuli sokutyunyuzwa kwakhona, kunye ne-qualified - ores ubukhulu bangena kwisinyathelo esilandelayo.

3.3 Inkqubo yokuLeaching

1. Kulayishwa iiOre kwiVat: Iintsimbi ezicholiweyo nezikhuselweyo zilayishwa kwi-vat leaching.

2. Ukulungisa isisombululo seLeaching: Kwi-vat yolwelo oluhlwempuzekileyo, isisombululo se-alkaline cyanide silungiswa njenge-agent ephumayo. Ukugxininiswa kwesisombululo se-cyanide ngokuqhelekileyo kulawulwa phakathi koluhlu oluthile, ngokubanzi i-0.05% - 0.1%, egqitywe ngeemvavanyo ngokweempawu ezithile ze-ore. Le ngqwalasela inokuqinisekisa ukutsalwa kwegolide ngokufanelekileyo ngelixa kuncitshiswa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.

3. Ukusebenza kweLeaching: Isisombululo esilungisiweyo se-leaching simpontshelwa kwi-vat leaching. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokukhupha, isisombululo se-leaching singena kancinane kwi-ore layer. Igolide kwi-ore iphendula kunye ne-cyanide kwisisombululo phantsi kwesenzo se-oksijeni (ngokuqhelekileyo, umoya ungeniswa kwi-vat). Eyona khemikhali yokusabela equation yile: \(4Au + 8NaCN+O_2 + 2H_2O = 4Na[Au(CN)_2]+4NaOH\). Kule mpendulo, igolide yenza igolide enyibilikayo - i-cyanide complexes kwaye inyibilika kwisisombululo. Ixesha lokuvuza lide ngokwentelekiso, lidla ngokuqala kwiintsuku ezininzi ukuya kwiiveki ezininzi, ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobume bentsimbi ekrwada, ubungakanani besuntswana lentsimbi ekrwada, kunye nokuxinana kwesisombululo se-leaching. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokucoca, kuyimfuneko ukujonga rhoqo ukugxininiswa kwesisombululo se-leaching, ixabiso le-pH lesisombululo, kunye nomxholo wegolide kwisisombululo sokuqinisekisa ukuba ukuphendulwa kwe-leaching kuqhubeka phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.

3.4 Ukwahlulwa kweGolide - iSicombululo esiBonelekileyo (esiTyebileyo - ulwelo)

Xa i-leaching ifikelela kwixesha elithile kwaye ngokufumanisa, xa ugxininiso kunye nebakala le-liquid lihlangabezana neemfuno, isisombululo segolide (esityebi-i-liquid) sikhutshwa phantsi kwe-vat. Ulwelo olutyebileyo luqulathe igolide enyibilikisiweyo - iicomplexes zecyanide kwaye kufuneka ziphinde ziqwalaselwe ukuze kufunyanwe igolide.

3.5 UkuBuyiswa kweGolide

1. I-Zinc Powder (iPhepha) Indlela yokufuduka: Enye indlela eqhelekileyo ye ukubuyiswa kwegolide yizinc powder (iphepha) indlela yokufuduka. I-Zinc inepropathi yokunciphisa eyomeleleyo kunegolide. Xa i-zinc powder okanye i-zinc sheet yongezwa kwisityebi - ulwelo, ukusabela kokufuduka kwenzeka. I-chemical reaction equation yile: \(2Na[Au(CN)_2]+Zn = 2Au+Na_2[Zn(CN)_4]\). Igolide iyasuswa kwigolide - i-cyanide complex yi-zinc kunye ne-precipitates ngendlela yamasuntswana aqinileyo. Emva kokusabela kokufuduswa, umxube oqinileyo-ulwelo uyahluzwa ukufumana igolide - equlathe izinto eziqinileyo, ezithi ke ziphinde zicutshungulwe ukuze zinyibilikiswe.

2. Indlela ye-Carbon Adsorption esebenzayo: Enye indlela iyasebenza ICarbon ukufunxa. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo inendawo enkulu ethile yomphezulu kunye nomthamo onamandla wokufunxa. Ulwelo olutyebileyo ludlula kwikholamu ezaliswe yi Ikhabhoni esebenzayoIicomplex zegolide-cyanide kwisisombululo zifunxwa phezu komphezulu wekhabhoni esebenzayo. Emva kokufunxwa, ikhabhoni esebenzayo enegolide efunxwayo (ikhabhoni elayishiweyo) yahlulwe kwisisombululo. Emva koko, ikhabhoni elayishiweyo ifakwa kunyango lokufunxwa. Ngokwesiqhelo, isisombululo sokufunxwa (njengomxube we-sodium hydroxide kunye Isodium cyanide) isetyenziselwa ukuxubha igolide kwikhabhoni esebenzayo kubushushu obuthile kunye noxinzelelo. Igolide ecekisiweyo-equlethe isisombululo emva koko i-electrolyzed ukufumana igolide.

3.6 Ukunyangwa kweentsalela zezimbiwa kunye nolwelo lweNkunkuma

1. Unyango lweentsila: Emva kokubuyiswa kwegolide, iintsalela eziseleyo zisenomlinganiselo othile wecyanide kunye nobunye ukungcola. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, iintsila kufuneka zinyangwe. Enye indlela eqhelekileyo yokongeza i-reagents efana ne-sodium metabisulfite kunye ne-copper sulfate kwi-tailings ukubola nokususa i-cyanide. Emva kokonyango, i-tailings inokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo okanye iqhutywe ngakumbi.

2. Inkunkuma - Unyango lolwelo: Inkunkuma -ulwelo oluveliswe ngexesha lenkqubo lukwanalo necyanide kunye nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Kufuneka iphathwe ngeenkqubo ezifana nemvula yeekhemikhali, ukutshintshiselana kwe-ion, kunye nonyango lwebhayoloji ukunciphisa umxholo wezinto ezinobungozi ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yesizwe yokukhupha ngaphambi kokuba ikhutshwe.

4. Isiphelo

Indlela yecyanidation vat leaching inomda wayo owodwa osebenzayo kwishishini lemigodi yegolide, ingakumbi intsimbi ekrwada ecolekileyo, yodidi oluphantsi, kunye nengenamanzi aphantsi. Ngoluhlu lwamanyathelo enkqubo engqongqo, le ndlela inokukhupha igolide ngokufanelekileyo kwi-ores. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kwinkqubo, ukhuseleko oluqinileyo kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo kwindalo. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lweteknoloji yezemigodi, uphuculo olongezelelweyo kunye nokulungiswa kwale nkqubo kulindeleke ukuba kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwegolide kunye nokunciphisa iindleko ngelixa kuqinisekiswa ukuhambelana kokusingqongileyo.