Umda oSebenzayo kunye nokuHamba kweNkqubo yokuLeaching iVat yeCyanidation kwiMigodi yeGolide

1. intshayelelo

Indlela yokukhupha i-Cyanidation vat leaching yinkqubo ebalulekileyo kwimigodi yegolide yokukhupha igolide kwi-ore. Le ndlela inomlinganiselo wayo okhethekileyo kunye noluhlu lwamanyathelo enkqubo achazwe kakuhle, adlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufumaneni izixhobo zegolide ngokufanelekileyo.

2. Umda osebenzayo

2.1 Imfuneko yobungakanani beNcam yentsimbi ekrwada

Intsimbi ekrwada yegolide elungele indlela yokukhutshwa kwevat ngokwesiqhelo inokuhanjiswa kwegolide ecolekileyo. Xa amasuntswana egolide kwintsimbi ekrwada ecolekileyo kakhulu, kunzima ukuwahlula ngeendlela ezilula zokwahlula ngokwasemzimbeni njengokwahlulwa komxhuzulane. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, indlela ye-cyanidation vat leaching ingasetyenziswa. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye i-oxide - uhlobo lwe-ores yegolide, igolide ihlala ikhona ngendlela yeenkozo ezintle, ezinokunyangwa ngokufanelekileyo nge-vat leaching.

2.2 Imfuno yeBakala le-Ore

Le ndlela ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwi-low-grade okanye kwi-ultra-low-grade ores yegolide. Kumgangatho ophakamileyo wentsimbi yegolide, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nexesha elincinci - iindlela zokutsalwa ezinokuthi zikhethwe. Nangona kunjalo, kwiindawo ezikrwada zomgangatho ophantsi apho isiqulatho segolide ngeyunithi yobunzima bentsimbi isezantsi noko, indlela yokukhutshwa kwevat isenakho ukuzuza ukutsalwa kwezoqoqosho phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ixabiso eliphantsi ngokwentelekiso yenkqubo yokukhupha ivat iyenza ibe lukhetho olusebenzayo ekusetyenzweni kwentsimbi enjalo.

2.3 IMfuneko yokuGcina iOre

Iintsimbi ezingakwaziyo ukungena kakuhle zikwafanelekile ekutsaleni i-vat. Ukuba i-ore ikwaziyo ukungena kakuhle, isisombululo se -cyanide sinokuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwi-ore, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kungabikho xesha laneleyo lokudibana phakathi kwe-cyanide negolide, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe izinga lokutsalela igolide. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kwiintsimbi ezingakwaziyo ukungena kakuhle, indlela yokutsalela i-vat inokulawula izinga lokuhamba kunye nexesha lokudibana kwesisombululo se-cyanide kwi-ore ukuqinisekisa iziphumo ezingcono zokutsalela. Umzekelo, iintsimbi ze-iron oxide - capping - eziqulethe igolide ecolekileyo kunye neentsimbi ze-quartz - vein - ezicoliweyo ezinegolide ecolekileyo zihlala zingenalo ithuba lokungena kakuhle kwaye zifanelekile ekutsaleni i-vat. Indlela yokutsalela i-vat inokufikelela kwizinga lokubuyisela inzuzo le-70 - 90% kwiintsimbi ezinjalo.

3. UkuHamba kweNkqubo

3.1 Ukulungiswa kweeVathi zokuLeaching

Iivathi zokuvuza ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo zihlala zenziwe ngezinto ezinje ngomthi, intsimbi, okanye ikhonkrithi. Umzantsi wevathi unokuba mcaba okanye uthambekele kancinci, kwaye imilo ingaba setyhula, uxande, okanye isikwere. Ngaphakathi kwi-vat, i-bottom yobuxoki eyenziwe nge-asidi ene-perforated - iipleyiti ezixhathisayo zifakwe. Ilaphu lokucoca libekwe phantsi kobuxoki, kwaye igridi eyenziwe ngemicu yokhuni okanye i-corrosion - imicu yetsimbi enganyangekiyo igqunywe kwilaphu lokucoca. Umzantsi ongeyonyani usetyenziselwa ukuhluza nokuxhasa intsimbi ekrwada. Phambi kokuba kuqaliswe inkqubo yokucoca, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuba iivathi, ngakumbi ivathi yokuvuza kunye nehlwempu - ivathi yolwelo, ayinamanzi kwaye yomile.

3.2 Unyango lwangaphambili lwentsimbi ekrwada - Ukutyumza kunye nokuHlola

Igolide egayiweyo - i-ores ethwele i-ores kufuneka icolwe ukuya kwi-particle ethile. Okokuqala, ii-ores zondliwa kwinqanaba lokutyumza ukuqhawulwa okulula. Ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani obufunekayo bamasuntswana entsimbi, kukho imisebenzi erhabaxa - yokutyumza, ephakathi - yokutyumza, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-crusher yomhlathi isetyenziselwa i-coarse - ukutyumza, enokunciphisa ubungakanani be-particle malunga ne-50 - 100mm. Emva koko, i-cone crusher isetyenziselwa umsebenzi ophakathi - ukutyumza kunye nokucotha - ukunciphisa ubungakanani be-particle ukuya kwi-5 - 25mm. Emva kokutyumza, i-ores ihlolwe yisikrini sokungcangcazela ukuqinisekisa ubungakanani besuntswana elifanayo. I-coarse - ores ene-grained engahlangabezani neemfuno zibuyiselwa kwisityuli sokutyunyuzwa kwakhona, kunye ne-qualified - ores ubukhulu bangena kwisinyathelo esilandelayo.

3.3 Inkqubo yokuLeaching

1. Ukulayisha ii-ore kwi-VAT : Ii-ore ezicoliweyo nezivaliweyo zifakwa kwi-leaching vat.

2. Ukulungiselela Isisombululo Sokuhluza : Kwisitya esimanzi esihlwempuzekileyo, isisombululo se-alkaline cyanide silungiswa njengesixhobo sokuhluza. Uxinzelelo lwesisombululo se-cyanide ludla ngokulawulwa ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile, ngokubanzi i-0.05% - 0.1%, oluchongwa ngovavanyo ngokweempawu ezithile ze-ore. Olu xinzelelo lunokuqinisekisa ukutsalwa kwegolide ngokufanelekileyo ngelixa kunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo.

3. Ukusebenza Kokukhupha Inkunkuma : Isisombululo sokukhupha esilungisiweyo sipompelwa kwi-leaching vat. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha inkunkuma, isisombululo sokukhupha inkunkuma singena kancinci kancinci kumaleko we-ore. Igolide ekwi-ore isabela kunye ne-cyanide kwisisombululo phantsi kwesenzo seoksijini (ngesiqhelo, umoya ungeniswa kwi-vat). I-equation ephambili yempendulo yekhemikhali yile: \(4Au + 8NaCN+O_2 + 2H_2O = 4Na[Au(CN)_2]+4NaOH\). Kule mpendulo, igolide yenza igolide enyibilikayo - i-cyanide complexes kwaye inyibilike kwisisombululo. Ixesha lokukhupha lide kakhulu, lihlala liqala kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezininzi, kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nohlobo lwe-ore, ubungakanani besuntswana ye-ore, kunye noxinzelelo lwesisombululo sokukhupha inkunkuma. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhupha inkunkuma, kuyimfuneko ukubona rhoqo uxinzelelo lwesisombululo sokukhupha inkunkuma, ixabiso le-pH yesisombululo, kunye nomxholo wegolide kwisisombululo ukuqinisekisa ukuba impendulo yokukhupha inkunkuma iyaqhubeka phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo.

3.4 Ukwahlulwa kweGolide - iSicombululo esiBonelekileyo (esiTyebileyo - ulwelo)

Xa i-leaching ifikelela kwixesha elithile kwaye ngokufumanisa, xa ugxininiso kunye nebakala le-liquid lihlangabezana neemfuno, isisombululo segolide (esityebi-i-liquid) sikhutshwa phantsi kwe-vat. Ulwelo olutyebileyo luqulathe igolide enyibilikisiweyo - iicomplexes zecyanide kwaye kufuneka ziphinde ziqwalaselwe ukuze kufunyanwe igolide.

3.5 UkuBuyiswa kweGolide

1. Indlela yokuFuduka kweZinc Powder (Iphepha) : Enye indlela eqhelekileyo yokubuyisela iGolide yindlela yokuFuduka kweZinc powder (iphepha). IZinc inepropathi yokunciphisa enamandla kunegolide. Xa iZinc powder okanye iZinc sheet yongezwa kulwelo olutyebileyo, kwenzeka i-displacement reaction. I-chemical reaction equation yile: \(2Na[Au(CN)_2]+Zn = 2Au+Na_2[Zn(CN)_4]\). IGolide isuswa kwi-gold-cyanide complex yiZinc kwaye iyancipha ngendlela yamasuntswana aqinileyo. Emva kwe-displacement reaction, umxube we-solid-liquid uyahluzwa ukuze kufunyanwe igolide-equlethe izinto eziqinileyo, ezithi emva koko zicutshungulwe ukuze zinyibilikiswe.

2. Indlela yokuNyusa iKhabhoni eSebenzisiweyo : Enye indlela kukuNyusa iKhabhoni eSebenzisiweyo . Ikhabhoni eSebenzisiweyo inendawo enkulu ethile kunye nomthamo oqinileyo wokuNyusa. Ulwelo olutyebileyo ludlula kwikholamu egcwele iKhabhoni eSebenzisiweyo . Iicomplex zegolide-cyanide kwisisombululo zifunxwa kumphezulu wekhabhoni eSebenzisiweyo. Emva kokuNyusa, ikhabhoni eSebenzisiweyo enegolide eFunxwayo (ikhabhoni eFunxwayo) yahlulwe kwisisombululo. Emva koko, ikhabhoni eFunxwayo ifakwa kwisisombululo sokuNyusa. Ngokwesiqhelo, isisombululo sokuNyusa (njengomxube we-sodium hydroxide kunye neSodium Cyanide ) sisetyenziselwa ukuNyusa igolide kwikhabhoni eSebenzisiweyo kubushushu obuthile kunye noxinzelelo. Isisombululo esiqulethe igolide eFunxwayo emva koko sixutywa nge-electrolyze ukuze kufunyanwe igolide.

3.6 Ukunyangwa kweentsalela zezimbiwa kunye nolwelo lweNkunkuma

1. Unyango lweeNtsalela : Emva kokubuyiselwa kwegolide, iintsilela eziseleyo zisene-cyanide ethile kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo, iintsilela kufuneka ziphathwe. Enye indlela eqhelekileyo kukongeza ii-reagents ezifana ne-sodium metabisulfite kunye ne-copper sulfate kwiintsilela ukuze zibole kwaye zisuse i-cyanide. Emva konyango, iintsilela zingagcinwa ngokufanelekileyo okanye ziqhubeke nokucutshungulwa.

2. Unyango lweNkunkuma-Ulwelo : Ulwelo oluveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo lukwaqulathe i-cyanide kunye nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Lufuna ukunyangwa ngeenkqubo ezifana nokuhla kweekhemikhali, ukutshintshiselana kwee-ion, kunye nonyango lwebhayoloji ukunciphisa umxholo wezinto eziyingozi ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nemigangatho yesizwe yokukhupha ngaphambi kokuba ikhutshwe.

4. Isiphelo

Indlela yecyanidation vat leaching inomda wayo owodwa osebenzayo kwishishini lemigodi yegolide, ingakumbi intsimbi ekrwada ecolekileyo, yodidi oluphantsi, kunye nengenamanzi aphantsi. Ngoluhlu lwamanyathelo enkqubo engqongqo, le ndlela inokukhupha igolide ngokufanelekileyo kwi-ores. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kwinkqubo, ukhuseleko oluqinileyo kunye nokukhusela okusingqongileyo kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nokunciphisa impembelelo kwindalo. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lweteknoloji yezemigodi, uphuculo olongezelelweyo kunye nokulungiswa kwale nkqubo kulindeleke ukuba kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kwegolide kunye nokunciphisa iindleko ngelixa kuqinisekiswa ukuhambelana kokusingqongileyo.