Impembelelo yoMyinge wokuQhuba kwiNqanaba lokuLeaching yeSodium Cyanide

1. intshayelelo

I-Cyanide leaching yindlela esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lemigodi yokukhupha isinyithi esixabisekileyo, ngakumbi igolide, kwi-ore. Isodium i-cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo njengoko idibana nesinyithi ukwenza izinto ezinyibilikayo, ezivumela ukwahlulwa kwazo kwi-ore matrix. Phakathi kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwe Ukukhutshwa kwe-cyanide, izinga lokuvuselela libaluleke kakhulu. Eli nqaku lijolise ekuphononongeni ngokweenkcukacha ukuba izinga lokuvuselela lichaphazela njani Ireyithi yokuvuza of Isodium cyanide.

2. Indima yokuvuselela iCyanide Leaching

2.1 Ukuphucula uThutho lweSininzi

Kwinkqubo ye-cyanide leaching, ukusabela phakathi Isodium cyanide kunye nesinyithi kwintsimbi ekrwada yenzeka kujongano phakathi kwamasuntswana ore oluqinileyo kunye nesisombululo secyanide engamanzi. Ukuvuselela kunceda ekuphuculeni ukuhanjiswa kobuninzi be-reactants (sodium cyanide kunye neoksijini) kumphezulu wamasuntswana ore kunye nokususwa kweemveliso zokusabela ukusuka kumphezulu. Xa izinga lokuvuselela linyuswa, ukuhamba kwamanzi okujikeleza amaqhekeza kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi. Esi siphithiphithi sinciphisa ubukhulu bomaleko womda ojikeleze amasuntswana, eyingingqi apho i-concentration gradient ye-reactants kunye neemveliso zikhona. Ngenxa yoko, izinga lokusasazwa kwe-sodium cyanide kunye ne-oksijini kwi-particle surface yanda, ukukhuthaza ukuphendulwa kwe-leaching.

2.2 Ukuthintela iNtsholongwane yeSedimentation

Omnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo wokuvuselela kukuthintela ukuchithwa kwe-sedimentation ye-ore particles, ngakumbi kwimeko ye-ores enomxholo ophezulu we-slime, udongwe, okanye i-shale. Ezi ngqungquthela ezintle ziyakwazi ukuhlalisa ngexesha lenkqubo yokucoca, ukunciphisa indawo yokudibanisa phakathi kwe-ore kunye nesisombululo se-cyanide kwaye ngaloo ndlela iyancipha ukusebenza kakuhle. Ngokuqhubekayo ukuvuselela i-pulp (umxube we-ore kunye nesisombululo), iinqununu zigcinwa ekumisweni, ziqinisekisa ukudibanisa okufanayo kunye nesisombululo se-cyanide kuyo yonke inkqubo yokucoca.

3. Izifundo zoMfuniselo kwiMpembelelo yoKwenza iRate

3.1 ILebhu - iiMvavanyo zesikali

Uvavanyo oluninzi lwelabhoratri luye lwenziwa ukuphanda ubudlelwane phakathi kwesantya sokuzamisa kunye nesantya sokuvuza kwesodium cyanide. Kuvavanyo oluqhelekileyo, isampulu yentsimbi ekrwada igutyungelwa kubungakanani besuntswana elithile emva koko ixutywe nesisombululo secyanide kwireactor exhotyiswe ngesivusi. Izinga lokuvuselela liyahluka, kwaye izinga lokuvuza lilinganiswa ngexesha elithile. Umzekelo, kuvavanyo lwentsimbi ekrwada ethwele igolide, xa isantya sokushukuma sanyuswa ukusuka kwi-200 rpm ukuya kwi-600 rpm, isantya segolide (ekhutshwa yi-sodium cyanide) sanda kakhulu kumanqanaba okuqala okuphuma. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphaya kwezinga elithile elishukumisayo (malunga ne-800 rpm kule meko), ukunyuka kwezinga le-leaching kuye kwaba ngaphantsi.

3.2 UShishino-Uqwalaselo lwesikali

Imisebenzi yesikali yemizi-mveliso ikwabonelela ngeembono ezixabisekileyo kwimpembelelo yesantya sokuvuselela. Kwizityalo ezinkulu ze-cyanide ezikhupha i-cyanide, izinga lokuvuselela iitanki ezikhuphayo lilawulwa ngononophelo. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba xa izinga lokuvuselela liphantsi kakhulu, kukho imimandla kwitanki apho amasuntswana e-ore angekho kakuhle - axutywe kunye nesisombululo se-cyanide, okukhokelela kumazinga aphantsi okuhlanjululwayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba izinga lokuvuselela liphezulu kakhulu, kunokubangela ukuguga okugqithisileyo kunye nokukrazula kwisixhobo, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kwaye kunokukhokelela ekubunjweni kwe-vortexes enokuphazamisa inkqubo yokukhupha. Umzekelo, kwiplanti enkulu yegolide yecyanidation, ukonyusa izinga lokuvuselela ukusuka kumgangatho wama-400 rpm ukuya kuma-500 rpm kukhokelele ekonyukeni kwe-5% yesantya segolide, kodwa ukonyuka ngakumbi ukuya kuma-600 rpm kubangele ukonyuka okuncinci nge-1%, ngelixa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunyuke ngama-20%.

4. Ukumiselwa kweRate eLungileyo

4.1 Ukuqwalasela iiMpawu zeOre

Elona qondo lilungileyo lokunyakaziswa kwe-cyanide leaching lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kunye neempawu zentsimbi ekrwada ibe yeyona nto iqwalaselwayo. Kwii-ores ezinobungakanani beengqungquthela ezinkulu, izinga eliphezulu lokuvuselela lingafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba isisombululo se-cyanide sinokungena kwi-pores kwaye siphendule kunye neengxenye zangaphakathi zeengqungquthela. Ngokwahlukileyo, kwi-fine-grained ores, isantya esisezantsi sokuvuselela sinokwanela ukugcina amasuntswana ekumisweni kunye nokukhuthaza ukuhanjiswa kobuninzi. Ukongezelela, i-mineralogy ye-ore ibalulekile. Ukuba i-ore iqulethe iiminerali ezixutywa ngokulula okanye ziphendule nge-cyanide ngesantya esikhawulezayo, isantya esisezantsi sokuvuselela singasetyenziselwa ukulawula izinga lokuphendula kunye nokuthintela ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwe-sodium cyanide.

4.2 Ukulungelelaniswa kwereyithi yeLeaching kunye neendleko

Ukongeza kwiimpawu zentsimbi, iindleko - ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi kukwadlala indima ekumiseleni elona zinga lilungileyo lokuzamisa. Izinga eliphezulu lokuvuselela ngokubanzi lifuna amandla amaninzi, okonyusa iindleko zokusebenza kwesityalo. Ngoko ke, kufuneka kubekho ulungelelwaniso phakathi kokufikelela kumlinganiselo ophezulu wokuvuza kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla. Oku kudla ngokubandakanya ukwenza uhlalutyo lwezoqoqosho oluthathela ingqalelo izinto ezifana nexabiso lentsimbi ekhutshwayo, ixabiso le-sodium cyanide, kunye neendleko zamandla ezihambelana namazinga ahlukeneyo ashukumisayo. Umzekelo, ukuba ixabiso legolide liphezulu kwaye nexabiso lamandla liphantsi, kunyuswe umyinge wokuzamisa ophezulu kancinci ukuze kwandiswe izinga legolide lokuvuza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ixabiso lamandla liyinkxalabo enkulu, umlinganiselo ophantsi wokuvuselela unokukhethwa nokuba ukhokelela kumlinganiselo ophantsi kancinane wokuvuza.

5. Imingeni eNxulunyaniswe noHlengahlengiso lokuNxulumanisa

5.1 Unyino lweZixhobo

Omnye wemingeni ekulungiseni izinga lokuvuselela kukulinganiselwa kwezixhobo. Uyilo lweetanki ezikhuphayo, amandla eenjini eziqhuba i-stirrers, kunye namandla omatshini we-impellers zonke zithintela uluhlu lwamazinga okuvuselela anokuthi aphunyezwe. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuphuculwa kwesixhobo ukuze kufikelelwe kwizinga eliphezulu okanye elichaneke ngakumbi lokuvuselela kunokufuna utyalo-mali olukhulu. Umzekelo, ukuba isityalo sifuna ukunyusa izinga lokuvuselela ngaphaya komlinganiselo okhoyo ngoku, kusenokufuneka ukuba kutshintshe iinjini ngezinamandla ngakumbi kwaye kufakwe ii-impellers ezomeleleyo, nto leyo enokuba yindleko enkulu.

5.2 Ukungazinzi kweNkqubo

Ukutshintsha izinga lokuvuselela kwakhona kunokukhokelela ekungazinzini kwenkqubo. Ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuncipha kwinqanaba lokuvuselela kunokuphazamisa iipatheni zokuhamba kwi-tank leaching, kubangela ukusabalalisa okungafaniyo kwee-particle ore kunye nesisombululo se-cyanide. Oku kunokukhokelela kumazinga okukhutshwa kwamanzi angangqinelaniyo kwaye kunokukhokelela ekwakhiweni kweendawo ezishushu okanye iindawo ezibandayo etankini, apho amazinga okusabela aphakame kakhulu okanye aphantsi kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba izinga lokuvuselela liyancipha ngokukhawuleza, i-ore particles ingaqala ukuhlala kwezinye iindawo zetanki, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni kokusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching.

6. Isiphelo

Isantya esishukumisayo sinempembelelo enkulu kwisantya se-leaching ye-sodium cyanide kwinkqubo ye-cyanide leaching. Ngokuphucula ukugqithiswa kobuninzi kunye nokukhusela i-particle sedimentation, isantya esifanelekileyo sokuvuselela sinokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokucoca. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumanisa elona qondo lilungileyo lokushukumisa kufuna uqwalaselo ngononophelo lweempawu ze-ore kunye neendleko-ukusebenza. Ukongeza, imingeni efana nokunciphisa izixhobo kunye nokungazinzi kwenkqubo kufuneka iqwalaselwe xa kulungiswa izinga lokuvuselela. Uphando olongezelelweyo kulo mmandla lunokujolisa ekuphuhliseni ubugcisa obushukumisayo obusebenzayo ngakumbi kunye nokwandisa inkqubo yonke ye-cyanide leaching ukuze kuphuculwe ukufunyanwa kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo ngelixa kuncitshiswa iimpembelelo kunye neendleko zokusingqongileyo.