I-Electrowining yeGolide ngokuthe ngqo kwi-Cyanide Solution

intshayelelo

I-Cyanidation ibisoloko iyeyona ndlela iphambili yokukhupha igolide kwi-ores. Emva kwenkqubo yokukhuhla i-cyanide , igolide ikhona kwisisombululo se-cyanide , esaziwa ngokuba sisisombululo se-pregnant leach. Ngokwesiko, iindlela ezifana ne -Carbon adsorption (njengenkqubo ye-Carbon-in-Column-CIC) kunye ne-zinc cementation (inkqubo ye-Merrill Crowe) ziye zasetyenziswa ukufumana igolide kwesi sisombululo. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumana i-electrowinning ngqo kwizisombululo ze-cyanide kuye kwavela njengendlela ethembisayo, enika izibonelelo ezininzi ngokubhekiselele ekusebenzeni kakuhle, iindleko, kunye nempembelelo yokusingqongileyo.

UmGaqo wokuNgqo ngoMbane

Ukuphumelela i-electromagnetic ngqo yinkqubo ye-electrochemical. Kwimeko yokukhupha igolide kwizisombululo ze-cyanide, xa umbane udlula kwisisombululo se-cyanide esinegolide ngendlela ye-aurocyanide complexes ( Au(CN)_2^- ), ezi mpendulo zilandelayo zenzeka kwi-electrodes:

• Kwi-cathode : Au(CN)_2^- + e^- \rightarrow Au + 2CN^-

I-ion zegolide kwi-aurocyanide complex ifumana i-electron kwaye ifakwe njengegolide yentsimbi kumphezulu we-cathode.

• Kwi-anode : Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko, ukuxinana kwamanzi okanye ukuxinana kwezinye iintlobo kwisisombululo kunokwenzeka. Umzekelo, 2H_2O \rightarrow O_2 + 4H^+ + 4e^-

Izinto eziluncedo zoMbane oNgqo

1. Ubulula : Xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo ezinamanyathelo amaninzi ezifana nokutsalwa kwekhabhoni okulandelwa yi-elution kunye ne-electrowinning (kwimeko ye-CIC), ukuphumelela ngokuthe ngqo kwe-electrowinning kunciphisa inani lemisebenzi yeyunithi. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuhamba kwenkqubo iyonke, okwenza kube lula ukuyisebenzisa nokuyigcina.

2. Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko : Ngamanyathelo ambalwa enkqubo, kukho ithuba lokuba kubekho iindleko zemali eziphantsi kunye nezokusebenza. Akukho mfuneko yokutyala imali kwiindawo ezinkulu zokuvuselela ikhabhoni (njengakwi-CIC) okanye ukuthenga umgubo we-zinc omninzi (njengakwinkqubo ye-Merrill Crowe).

3. Imveliso yoBumsulwa obuPhezulu : Indawo ebekwe ngqo kwi-electrode yegolide inokubangela idiphozithi yegolide ecocekileyo kakhulu kwi-cathode. Oku kunokunciphisa isidingo seenkqubo zokucocwa ezibanzi ngezantsi, nto leyo egcina iindleko.

4. Iingenelo zokusingqongileyo : Ngokuphelisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-zinc kwinkqubo ye-Merrill Crowe, kuncinci ukuveliswa kwenkunkuma equlethe i-zinc. Ukongeza, ukwenza lula kwenkqubo kunokukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali kunye nokuveliswa kwenkunkuma iyonke.

Iingqwalasela zeNkqubo

1. Uxinzelelo lweSombululo : Uxinzelelo lwegolide kwisisombululo se-cyanide luyinto ebalulekileyo. Nangona ukuphumelela ngokuthe ngqo kwe-electrowinning kunokusetyenziswa kwizisombululo ezinoluhlu olubanzi lwamanqanaba egolide, uxinzelelo oluphezulu ngokubanzi lubangela amazinga okufakwa ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, uxinano lwegolide oluphezulu kakhulu lunokufuna uyilo olukhethekileyo lwe-electrode ukuqinisekisa ukufakwa okufanayo.

2. Izinto ze-Electrode : Ukukhetha izinto ze-electrode kubalulekile. Uboya bentsimbi obungenasici buhlala busetyenziswa njengezinto ze-cathode kwindawo yaso ephezulu, nto leyo evumela ukuba igolide ibekwe kakuhle. Kwi-anode, izinto ezimelana nokugqwala kwisisombululo se-cyanide, ezifana ne-dimensionally stable anodes (DSA), ziyathandwa.

3. i-pH kunye nobushushu : I-pH yesisombululo se-cyanide kufuneka ilawulwe ngononophelo. I-pH encinci ye-alkaline idla ngokugcinwa ukuze kuthintelwe ukubola kwe-cyanide. Ubushushu besisombululo bunokuchaphazela nesantya sokuphumelela kwe-electrowinning, apho amaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngokubanzi anyusa izinga lokuphendula kodwa anokunyusa nomngcipheko wokubola kwe-cyanide.

Inkqubo yokuPhuma

1. Ukulungiswa kwesisombululo : Isisombululo se-cyanide leach esikhulelweyo esivela kwi-heap leaching okanye kwezinye iinkqubo ze-cyanidation siqala sinyangwe ngaphambi konyango. Oku kunokubandakanya ukuhluzwa ukuze kususwe izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo, njengoko ezi zinokuphazamisana nenkqubo yokuwina umbane kwaye zibangele ii-short-circuits phakathi kwee-electrodes.

2. Iseli Efumana Umbane : Isisombululo esilungisiweyo ngaphambi kokuba sinyangwe sifakwe kwiseli efumana umbane. Iseli ixhotyiswe nge-anode kunye ne-cathode. Njengoko kusetyenziswa umbane, igolide iqala ukufakwa kwi-cathode.

3. Ukufunyanwa kweGolide : Nje ukuba igolide eyaneleyo ifakwe kwi-cathode, i-cathode iyasuswa kwiseli. Igolide inokukhutshelwa kwi-cathode nokuba ngoomatshini okanye ngamakhemikhali, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwezinto ze-cathode. Igolide ekhutshiweyo iyacocwa ngakumbi ukuze kufunyanwe igolide ecocekileyo kakhulu.

Imiceli mngeni kunye nembonakalo yexesha elizayo

1. Ulawulo lweCyanide : Nangona ukufumana i-electrowinning ngokuthe ngqo kunika iingenelo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kwinkqubo yokukhupha igolide iyonke kusabeka umngcipheko kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwizokhuseleko. Uphando lwexesha elizayo lunokugxila ekudibaniseni ukufumana i-electrowinning ngokuthe ngqo kunye neendlela ezizezinye, ezingenabungozi kangako.

2. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla : Inkqubo yokufumana amandla ngombane ifuna amandla amaninzi ombane. Ukuphuhlisa izixhobo ze-electrode ezisebenzayo ngamandla kunye noyilo lweeseli yindawo yophando olusebenzayo.

3. Ukwanda : Njengakwezinye iindlela zobuchwepheshe ezintsha, ukwandisa ukuphumelela kwe-electrowinning ngqo ukusuka kwilebhu ukuya kwimizi-mveliso kufuneka kuphuculwe ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okulinganayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.

Ukuzuza igolide ngokuthe ngqo kwizisombululo ze-cyanide kubonisa inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe kwishishini lemigodi yegolide. Ngophando olongezelelweyo kunye nophuhliso lokujongana nemingeni ekhoyo, inokuba yindlela ebalaseleyo yokubuyisa igolide kungekudala.