I-pH yoLawulo lweXabiso leSodium Cyanide Solution kwi-Heap Leaching yeGold Extraction

1. intshayelelo

I-Heap leaching ime njengendlela exhaphakileyo yokukhupha igolide kwi-ore yomgangatho ophantsi. Kule nkqubo, Isodium cyanide Isisombululo sisetyenziswa rhoqo njenge-arhente yokucoca. Phakathi kwezinto ezininzi eziphembelela ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lwemfumba evuzayo, ukulawula ixabiso le-pH ye Isisombululo seSodium Cyanide ibaluleke kakhulu.

2. Imigaqo yeMichiza ephantsi kolawulo lwexabiso le-pH

2.1 Isenzo sokuNcitshiswa kweGolide

Xa usebenzisa Isodium cyanide isisombululo kwi-leach yegolide, ukuphendulwa kweekhemikhali ezithile kwenzeka. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ze-alkaline, le mpendulo isebenza ngakumbi. Ngexesha lokusabela, i-cyanide iioni kwisisombululo zisebenzisana negolide. Oku kusebenzisana kubangela ukwakheka kwegolide enyibilikayo - icyanide complexes, eyenza ukuba kutsalwe igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada.

2.2 Ukuzinza kweCyanide kunye ne-pH

I-Cyanide ikhona kwimo elinganayo ngaphakathi kwesisombululo. I-cyanide inokusabela kunye ne-hydrogen ion ekhoyo kwisisombululo. Xa isisombululo sinomuncu ngakumbi (amaxabiso aphantsi e-pH), le ndlela yokusabela ikhokelela ekwakhekeni kwehydrogen cyanide, irhasi enetyhefu kakhulu. Oku akubangeli nje ukulahlekelwa kwe-cyanide, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-ejenti ye-leaching, kodwa kubangela ingozi enkulu kwimpilo kunye nokhuseleko lwabasebenzi ngenxa yetyhefu ye-hydrogen cyanide. Ngoko ke, ukugcina ixabiso le-alkaline pH liyimfuneko. Inceda ukunciphisa ukubunjwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide kwaye iqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-cyanide kwisisombululo sokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwegolide.

3. Uluhlu lwexabiso le-pH eliLungileyo

Ngokuqhelekileyo, kumxholo we Imfumba yemfumba yokutsalwa kweGolide usebenzisa sodium cyanide Isisombululo, uluhlu lwexabiso lwe-pH oluphezulu lubonwa ngokubanzi njephakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-11.5.

3.1 pH Ngaphantsi koHlelo oluLungileyo

Ukuba ixabiso le-pH lesisombululo se-sodium cyanide lehla ngaphantsi kwe-10. iziphumo ezininzi ezimbi zingenzeka. Okokuqala, isantya sokunyibilika kwegolide siyakwehla kakhulu. Ukusabela phakathi kwegolide kunye ne-cyanide ion kuya kuthandeka kancinci, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni okusezantsi kokutsalwa kwegolide kwintsimbi ekrwada. Okwesibini, njengoko kukhankanywe ngaphambili, ukubunjwa kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide kuya kwanda. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu kubasebenzi kwindawo enemigodi kwaye kunefuthe elibi kokusingqongileyo. Ukongeza, kumaxabiso asezantsi e-pH, okunye ukungcola kwintsimbi ekrwada kunokunyibilika ngokulula, kuphazamise ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zegolide-cyanide kunye nokunciphisa ngakumbi isantya segolide sokuvuza.

3.2 pH Ngaphezulu koLuhlu oluLungileyo

Nangona i-reaction phakathi kwegolide kunye ne-cyanide ion ithandwa phantsi kweemeko ze-alkaline, ukuba ixabiso le-pH liphezulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kwe-11.5), iingxaki nazo zingavela. Ubuninzi bealkalinity bunokubangela ukuna kweehydroxide zesinyithi. Ngokomzekelo, ii-ion zetsimbi ezifana nentsimbi, i-aluminium, kunye ne-calcium ekhoyo kwi-ore inokwenza i-hydroxides enganyibilikiyo. Ezi hydroxides ezinganyibilikiyo zinokugquma umphezulu wamasuntswana ore. Lo maleko wokugquma unokuthintela unxibelelwano phakathi kwesisombululo sesodium cyanide kunye neeminerali ezithwele igolide, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswe izinga legolide. Ngaphezu koko, amaxabiso aphezulu e-pH anokuthi afune ukongezwa kwezinto ezininzi ze-alkaline, okonyusa iindleko zenkqubo.

4. Iindlela zoLungiso lwexabiso le-pH

4.1 Ikalika (iCalcium Hydroxide)

Ilayimu yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukulungisa ixabiso le-pH yesisombululo se-sodium cyanide kwi-heap leaching. Xa ilayimu yongezwa kwisisombululo, iphendula ngamanzi. Le mpendulo ikhupha ii-ion ze-hydroxide, ezonyusa ixabiso le-pH yesisombululo, nto leyo eyenza ibe yi-alkaline ngakumbi. Ilayimu ayibizi kakhulu kwaye ifikeleleka lula, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho oludumileyo kwimisebenzi emikhulu ye-heap leaching. Nangona kunjalo, xa usebenzisa ilayimu, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe umthamo wayo. Ukongezwa kakhulu kwelayimu kunokukhokelela kwimiba efana nokwenziwa kwesikali kwimibhobho nakwizixhobo. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-calcium kwilayimu inokusabela ngayo ICarbonbatye ii-ions kwisisombululo ukuze benze i-calcium carbonate.

4.2 ISoda (iSodium Hydroksayidi)

I-sodium hydroxide yenye i-pH esebenzayo - i-arhente yokulungelelanisa. Xa ifakwe kwisisombululo se-sodium cyanide, iyahlukana emanzini. Oku kuchithwa kukhupha i-ion hydroxide, enokunyusa ngokukhawuleza ixabiso le-pH yesisombululo. Xa kuthelekiswa nekalika, i-sodium hydroxide ine-pH ekhawulezayo kunye nechaneke ngakumbi - isiphumo sokulungelelanisa. Isoloko isetyenziswa kwiimeko apho uhlengahlengiso olukhawulezayo noluchanekileyo lwexabiso le-pH lufuneka, njengakwilabhoratri – imifuniselo yesikali okanye imisebenzi yokwenziwa kwemfumba emincinane. Nangona kunjalo, i-sodium hydroxide ixabisa kakhulu kunekalika, nto leyo enokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso emikhulu.

5. Ukubeka iliso kunye noLawulo lwexabiso le-pH

I-5.1 pH Sensors

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ixabiso le-pH yesisombululo sesodium cyanide kwinkqubo yokuvuza kwemfumba lihlala likuluhlu olufanelekileyo, izinzwa ze-pH zidla ngokuqeshwa ukujonga ixesha lokwenyani. Iinzwa ze-pH zizixhobo ezinokubona ukuxinwa kwee-ion ze-hydrogen kwisisombululo. Baguqula le ngqwalasela ibe ngumqondiso wombane ohambelanayo, othi ke unikezelwe njengexabiso le-pH. Ezi zivamvo zidla ngokubekwa kwiindawo eziphambili kwinkqubo yemfumba yokuvuza, njengakwiitanki zokugcina isisombululo sokuvuza, imibhobho yokuhambisa isisombululo semfumba, nakwindawo yokuphuma kwemfumba emva kwenkqubo yokuvuza. Ngokuhlala ebeka iliso kwixabiso le-pH, abaqhubi banokubona ngokukhawuleza nakuphi na ukutenxa kuluhlu olufanelekileyo kwaye bathathe amanyathelo okulungisa afanelekileyo.

5.2 Iinkqubo eziziSebenzisayo zoLawulo

Kwimisebenzi yale mihla yemfumba, iinkqubo zolawulo oluzenzekelayo zihlala zidityaniswa neenzwa ze-pH ukufezekisa ulawulo lwexabiso le-pH oluchaneke ngakumbi nolusebenzayo. Ezi nkqubo zolawulo oluzenzekelayo zinokucwangciswa ukuba zilungelelanise ngokuzenzekelayo umthamo we-pH - ii-agent zokulungelelanisa (ezifana nekalika okanye i-soda) ngokusekelwe kwidatha yexabiso le-pH yangempela efunyenwe ngababonisi. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ixabiso le-pH lesisombululo lihla ngaphantsi komda osezantsi obekiweyo, inkqubo yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo iya kwandisa izinga lokuhamba kwe-lime slurry okanye isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide esongezwa kwisisombululo se-leaching ukuphakamisa ixabiso le-pH. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba ixabiso le-pH lidlula umda ophezulu, inkqubo iya kunciphisa i-dosage ye-pH - i-arhente yokulungelelanisa. Le ndlela yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo ayiphuculi nje ukuchaneka kokulawulwa kwexabiso le-pH kodwa inciphisa ukuqina kwabasebenzi kwaye iqinisekisa uzinzo kunye nokuqhubekeka kwenkqubo yemfumba.

6. Isiphelo

Kwimfumba yokukhutshwa kwegolide kusetyenziswa isisombululo sesodium cyanide, ulawulo olungqongqo lwexabiso le-pH yesisombululo lubaluleke kakhulu. Elona xabiso liphezulu le-pH liphakathi kwe-10 kunye ne-11.5 liqinisekisa ukunyibilika kwegolide okusebenzayo, linciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwecyanide, kwaye liqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi kunye nokusingqongileyo. Ngokusebenzisa i-pH efanelekileyo - ii-arhente zokulungelelanisa ezifana nekalika kunye nesoda, kunye nokuphumeza ukubeka iliso ngexesha lokwenyani kunye nolawulo oluzenzekelayo ngokusebenzisa izinzwa ze-pH kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ezizenzekelayo, iinkampani zemigodi zinokuphucula inkqubo yemfumba yemfumba, ukuphucula amazinga okubuyisela igolide, kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza. Njengoko imfuno yegolide iqhubeka nokukhula, uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nokuphuculwa kobuchwephesha bokulawula ixabiso le-pH kuya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lemigodi yegolide.