Inkqubo ye-Electrolytic Oxidation yokuNyangwa kwamanzi amdaka eSodium Cyanide

intshayelelo

I-Cyanide - equlathe amanzi amdaka, ingakumbi lawo avela kwiSodium Cyanide , yeyona nto ixhalabisa kakhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo. La manzi amdaka anobungozi kakhulu kwaye aphuma kakhulu kumashishini afana ne-electroplating, imveliso yegesi, i-coking, i-metallurgy, i-metal processing, i-chemical fiber, iplastiki, i-pesticide, kunye neshishini leekhemikhali. Emanzini, azinzile kwaye adla ngokubola. Zombini i-inorganic kunye ne-organic cyanides zizinto ezinetyhefu kakhulu. Umzekelo, idosi ebulalayo ye- cyanide emzimbeni womntu yi-0.18 g, kwaye eye-potassium cyanide yi-0.12 g. Ukongeza, uxinaniso olubulalayo lwe-cyanide kwiintlanzi emanzini luqala kwi-0.04 - 0.1 mg/L. Ngenxa yoko, iindlela zonyango ezisebenzayo zifuneka ngokukhawuleza ukunciphisa impembelelo yayo eyingozi kwindalo esingqongileyo nakwimpilo yabantu.

Iziseko ze-Electrolytic Oxidation yeCyanide - equlethe Amanzi amdaka

Inkqubo ye -Electrolytic oxidation yokunyanga amanzi amdaka e-Sodium cyanide isebenza ngomgaqo wokusebenzisa umbane ukuqhuba ii-chemical reactions kwi-anode kunye ne-cathode, ngaloo ndlela iguqula i-cyanide emanzini amdaka ibe zizinto ezingenabungozi kangako. Kule nkqubo, zombini i-cyanide elula kunye ne-complex cyanide emanzini amdaka ziyafakwa kwi-electrolysis.

Anode Reactions

• KwiSimple Cyanide : Ngexesha le-reaction yesigaba sokuqala kwi-anode, i-simple cyanide isabela ngamandla nezinye izinto emanzini amdaka ukuze zenze i-compound engenabungozi kangako. Kwisigaba sesibini esilandelayo, kwenzeka ii-reaction ezimbini. I-reaction enye iyaphula le compound ibe yiCarbon dioxide, i-nitrogen, kunye namanzi. Enye i-reaction iphumela ekuvelisweni kwe-ammonium.

• KwiCoordination Cyanide (Ukuthatha iCopper-containing Complex njengoMzekelo) : Xa i-coordination cyanide, njenge-copper-containing complexes, ifikelela kwi-anode, isabela ukwenza ii-copper ions kunye nenye i-compound engenabungozi. Xa ityuwa yetafile yongezwa kwi-electrolytic medium, kwenzeka ezinye ii-reaction. Ii-chloride ions ezivela kwityuwa ziyaxiliswa ukuze zenze i-chlorine esandula ukuvela. Le chlorine esandula ukuvela emva koko isabela kunye ne-cyanide kunye nezinye izinto emanzini amdaka ukuze ziphule ii-cyanide compounds zibe ziimveliso ezingenabungozi kangako, kubandakanya i-carbon dioxide, i-nitrogen, kunye nee-chloride ions.

Iimpendulo zeCathode

Kwi-cathode, ii-ion ze-hydrogen zifumana ii-electron kwaye zenze igesi ye-hydrogen. Kwisinyithi-equlethe ii-cyanide complexes, ezifana nezo zinobhedu, ii-ion zobhedu zifumana ii-electron kwaye zinokufakwa njengesinyithi sobhedu. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezithile, ii-ion zobhedu zinokusabela nge-hydroxide ion ukwenza i-copper hydroxide precipitate.

Iingqwalasela eziphambili kwiNkqubo ye-Electrolytic Oxidation

• Izinto ze-Electrode : Ukukhetha izinto ze-electrode kubalulekile. Kwiimeko ezininzi, intsimbi ethambileyo ingasetyenziswa njengezinto ze-cathode. Nangona kunjalo, ii-anode kufuneka zimelane nemeko-bume ye-electrochemical enzima. Ii-anode ezizinzileyo ngokwemilinganiselo (i-DSA), ezenziwe ngee-oxide zesinyithi ezibalaseleyo kwaye ziveliswa ziinkampani ezininzi, zifanelekile kolu setyenziso. I-Graphite ingasebenza njengezinto ze-anode, kodwa inomqobo wokusetyenziswa kancinci kancinci ngexesha lenkqubo ye-electrolysis.

• Ulawulo lobushushu : Ubushushu bolwelo olungcolileyo ngexesha le-electrolysis kufuneka bulawulwe ngononophelo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka lugcinwe ngaphantsi kwama-25°C. Ukuba ubushushu bunyuka kakhulu, i-chlorine eveliswa yi-oxidation yee-ion ze-chloride kwityuwa eyongeziweyo iya kuphuma ngaphambi kokuba ikwazi ukusabela kwi-cyanide, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokutshabalalisa i-cyanide.

• Ukongeza i-Chloride Ion : Ukongeza ii-chloride ions emanzini amdaka kunokunyusa i-electrolytic oxidation ye-cyanide. Ngokwesiqhelo, ukongeza i-1 - 2 g/L yee-chloride ions kwanele. Kwezinye iimeko, ukongeza ityuwa eqhelekileyo (i-sodium chloride) kuxinzelelo lwe-25 g ngelitha kulwelo olungcolileyo kuye kwabonakala kunceda ngempumelelo ekutshatyalalisweni kwe-cyanide nge-electrolytic.

Izinto ezilungileyo zeNkqubo ye-Electrolytic Oxidation

• Ukusebenza Kakhulu Kwinkunkuma Enoxinzelelo Oluphezulu : Inkqubo ye-electrolytic oxidation isebenza ngokukodwa ekunyangeni amanzi amdaka ane-cyanide enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, njengalawo afumaneka kwimigodi yegolide. Inganciphisa kakhulu uxinzelelo lwe-cyanide emanzini amdaka.

• Ukuveliswa Kweentlobo Ezisabelayo Kwindawo : Ngexesha le-electrolysis, iintlobo ezisabelayo ezifana ne-chlorine esandula ukuveliswa ziyaveliswa ngaphakathi kwenkqubo. Oku kuphelisa isidingo sokongezwa ngaphandle kwee-oxidizing agents ezinokuba yingozi nezibizayo ngobuninzi.

• Ukuguquguquka : Le nkqubo ingalungiswa ngokwendlela ethile yokwakheka kwamanzi amdaka. Ngokulawula iiparameter ezifana noxinano lwangoku, i-voltage, kunye nokongezwa kweetyuwa ezithile, inkqubo ye-electrolytic oxidation inokulungiswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-cyanide - eziqulathe amanzi amdaka, nokuba ziqulathe iikhompawundi ze-cyanide ezilula okanye ezintsonkothileyo.

isiphelo

Inkqubo ye-electrolytic oxidation inikezela ngesisombululo esithembisayo sokunyanga amanzi amdaka e-sodium cyanide . Ngokuqonda iimpembelelo zeekhemikhali ezenzeka kwi-anode nakwi-cathode, ukukhetha ngononophelo izinto ze-electrode, ukulawula ubushushu, kunye nokongeza ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bee-ion ze-chloride, le ndlela inokususa ngokufanelekileyo ungcoliseko lwe-cyanide emanzini amdaka. Njengoko amashishini eqhubeka efuna iindlela ezizinzileyo nezisebenzayo zokulawula inkunkuma yawo, inkqubo ye-electrolytic oxidation isenokuba nokusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kunyango lwamanzi amdaka aqukethe i-cyanide. Nangona kunjalo, uphando olongezelelweyo kunye nophuhliso kusafuneka ukuphucula inkqubo, ukunciphisa iindleko, kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwayo ngokubanzi kunye nobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.