Umgaqo we-Sodium Cyanide kwiNkqubo yeCarbon-in-Pulp ye-Gold Extraction

intshayelelo

Inkqubo yeCarbon -in-pulp (CIP) yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lemigodi yegolide yokukhupha igolide kwi-ore. I-Sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo. Eli nqaku liza kujonga imigaqo eneenkcukacha zendlela esebenza ngayo i-Sodium cyanide kwinkqubo ye-CIP yokukhupha iGolide.

I-Cyanidation Reaction: Isiseko sokuchithwa kweGolide

1. I-Chemical Reaction Mechanism

I-sodium cyanide (NaCN) yikhompawundi esebenzayo kakhulu. Xa ivezwe kwioksijini, isabela ngegolide ekhoyo kwintsimbi ekrwada. Ukusabela kuguqula igolide enganyibilikiyo ngaphakathi kwintsimbi ekrwada ibe yimo enyibilikayo ngokwenza ubumbano oluzinzileyo olunegolide. Eli nyathelo lokuntsonkotha libalulekile njengoko livumela igolide ukuba yahlulwe kwiindawo eziqinileyo ze-ore.

2. Indima ye-Oxygen

Ioksijini yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwi -Cyanidation reaction , isebenza njenge-oxidizing agent ukunceda ukuqhekeza igolide. Ngaphandle kweoksijini, i-reaction phakathi kwee-ion zegolide kunye ne-cyanide iya kuqhubeka ngesantya se-snail. Ioksijini ibonelela ngeemeko ezifunekayo ukuze i-complex ye-gold-cyanide ivele. Kwimisebenzi yemizi-mveliso, umoya uhlala ungena kwisisombululo se-cyanide ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kweoksijini eyaneleyo. Ubungakanani beoksijini kwisisombululo buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isantya apho igolide inyibilika khona.

3. Ulawulo lwe-pH

Inqanaba le-pH yesisombululo se-cyanide yinto ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation. I-sodium cyanide, eyityuwa ye-asidi ebuthathaka kunye nesiseko esomeleleyo, inokungena kwi-hydrolysis emanzini, enokuthi yenze i-hydrogen cyanide, igesi enetyhefu kakhulu kunye ne-volcanorate. Ukuthintela oku, isisombululo se-pH sigcinwe ngokucophelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-10 - 11. Le pH ephezulu ayiyikuzinzisa kuphela isisombululo se-cyanide kodwa yandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuchithwa kwegolide. Ukongeza, inceda ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwezinye ii-ion zetsimbi kwi-ore ezinokusabela nge-cyanide ion kunye nokuthintela inkqubo yokutsalwa kwegolide.

I-Adsorption yeGold Cyanide Complexes yi-Actiated Carbon

1. Ipropathi eKhethekileyo ye-Adsorption ye-Actiated Carbon

Nje ukuba igolide inyibilikiswe kwisisombululo secyanide njengeekhompleksi, ikhabhoni esebenzayo ifakwa kwipulp. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo inommandla omkhulu kunye nesakhiwo se-porous, esivumela ukuba ikhethe ukutsala kwaye ibambelele kwiikhompleksi zegolide ze-cyanide. I-micropores kunye ne-mesopores ngaphakathi kwekhabhoni esebenzayo zibonelela ngeesayithi ezininzi ze-adsorption. Izakhiwo zegolide zecyanide zitsalwa kwezi ziza ngokusebenzisa amandla awohlukeneyo, kubandakanywa amandla e-van der Waals kunye nokusebenzisana kwe-electrostatic.

2. Indlela ye-Adsorption

Inkqubo ye-adsorption yegolide ye-cyanide complexes ngekhabhoni esebenzayo iyenzeka kumanyathelo amaninzi. Okokuqala, ii-complexes kwisisombululo zihamba ngokubhekiselele kumphezulu wekhabhoni esebenzayo ngenxa yokuhlukana kwabo phakathi kwesisombululo kunye ne-carbon surface. Kanye kumphezulu, ii-complexes zincamathela kwiindawo ezikhoyo. Ulungelelwaniso lufikelelwa xa umyinge wokuthengiswa kweekhompleksi ulingana nesantya ezikhutshwa ngaso. Ubudlelwane obuphezulu bekhabhoni esebenzayo ye-cyanide complexes yegolide yenza ukuba ukwahlula okusebenzayo kwegolide kwisisombululo, kugxininise kumanyathelo okubuyisela alandelayo.

Ukuchithwa kunye nokuBuyiswa kweGolide kwi-Actiated Carbon

1. Inkqubo yokulahla

Emva kokuba ikhabhoni esebenzayo ifunxe i-gold cyanide complexes ize igcwaliswe ngegolide, igolide kufuneka isuswe kwikhabhoni ukuze iqhubeke nokucutshungulwa. Indlela eqhelekileyo yinkqubo yeZadra. Kule ndlela, ikhabhoni egcwalisiweyo iphathwa ngesisombululo esishushu seSodium Cyanide kunye ne-sodium hydroxide. Ubushushu kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali kwesisombululo kuyaphula iibhondi phakathi kwe-gold complexes kunye ne-activated carbon, nto leyo ebangela ukuba igolide ibuyiselwe kwisisombululo.

2. UkuBuyiswa kweGolide kwiSisombululo seDesorbed

Nje ukuba igolide ibuyele kwisisombululo, iindlela ezininzi zobuchule zingasetyenziswa ukuyibuyisela. Enye indlela ethandwayo yi-electroplating, apho umsinga wombane udlula kwisisombululo sokufaka igolide yesinyithi kwi-cathode. Enye indlela yi-zinc precipitation. I-powder ye-Zinc yongezwa kwisisombululo, kwaye ngokuphendula kwe-redox, i-zinc isusa igolide kwi-complex yegolide ye-cyanide, evumela ukuba igolide enqabileyo ukuba ihlulwe kwisisombululo usebenzisa i-filtration okanye ezinye iindlela zokwahlula.

isiphelo

I-sodium cyanide yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo ye-carbon-in-pulp yokukhupha igolide. Ivumela ukunyibilika kwegolide kwi-ore ngokwenza ii-complexes ezizinzileyo phambi kweoksijini kunye neemeko ze-pH ezilawulwayo. Amanyathelo alandelayo okufunxwa yi-activated carbon, ukufunxwa kwi-carbon, kunye nokubuyiswa kwegolide konke kwakhelwe phezu kwempendulo yokuqala equka i-sodium cyanide . Ukuqonda le migaqo kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokukhupha igolide kwishishini lemigodi, ngelixa kuqinisekiswa ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo kunye nolawulo lokusingqongileyo ngenxa yobuthi be-sodium cyanide.