Umgaqo we-Sodium Cyanide kwiNkqubo yeCarbon-in-Pulp ye-Gold Extraction

intshayelelo

Inkqubo ye-carbon-in-pulp (CIP) yindlela esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini lemigodi yegolide yokukhupha igolide kwi-ore. Isodium i-cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo. Eli nqaku lingena kwimigaqo eneenkcukacha yokuba njani Isodium cyanide imisebenzi kwinkqubo yeCIP ye Ukutsalwa kwegolide.

I-Cyanidation Reaction: Isiseko sokuchithwa kweGolide

1. I-Chemical Reaction Mechanism

I-sodium cyanide (NaCN) yikhompawundi esebenzayo kakhulu. Xa ivezwe kwioksijini, isabela ngegolide ekhoyo kwintsimbi ekrwada. Ukusabela kuguqula igolide enganyibilikiyo ngaphakathi kwintsimbi ekrwada ibe yimo enyibilikayo ngokwenza ubumbano oluzinzileyo olunegolide. Eli nyathelo lokuntsonkotha libalulekile njengoko livumela igolide ukuba yahlulwe kwiindawo eziqinileyo ze-ore.

2. Indima ye-Oxygen

Ioksijini yinxalenye ephambili kwi Ukusabela kwe-cyanidation, esebenza njenge-oxidizing agent ukunceda ukudiliza igolide. Ngaphandle kweoksijini, ukusabela phakathi kwegolide kunye ne-cyanide ion kuya kuqhubeka ngesantya senkumba. Ioksijini ibonelela ngeemeko eziyimfuneko ukuze i-complex yegolide-cyanide yenze. Kwizicelo zemizi-mveliso, umoya udla ngokugqabhuka ngesisombululo secyanide ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubonelelwa kweoksijini okwaneleyo. Ubungakanani beoksijini kwisisombululo sichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isantya apho igolide inyibilika.

3. Ulawulo lwe-pH

Inqanaba le-pH yesisombululo se-cyanide yinto ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation. I-sodium cyanide, eyityuwa ye-asidi ebuthathaka kunye nesiseko esomeleleyo, inokungena kwi-hydrolysis emanzini, enokuthi yenze i-hydrogen cyanide, igesi enetyhefu kakhulu kunye ne-volcanorate. Ukuthintela oku, isisombululo se-pH sigcinwe ngokucophelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu, ngokuqhelekileyo malunga ne-10 - 11. Le pH ephezulu ayiyikuzinzisa kuphela isisombululo se-cyanide kodwa yandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kokuchithwa kwegolide. Ukongeza, inceda ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwezinye ii-ion zetsimbi kwi-ore ezinokusabela nge-cyanide ion kunye nokuthintela inkqubo yokutsalwa kwegolide.

I-Adsorption yeGold Cyanide Complexes yi-Actiated Carbon

1. Ipropathi eKhethekileyo ye-Adsorption ye-Actiated Carbon

Nje ukuba igolide inyibilikiswe kwisisombululo secyanide njengeekhompleksi, ikhabhoni esebenzayo ifakwa kwipulp. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo inommandla omkhulu kunye nesakhiwo se-porous, esivumela ukuba ikhethe ukutsala kwaye ibambelele kwiikhompleksi zegolide ze-cyanide. I-micropores kunye ne-mesopores ngaphakathi kwekhabhoni esebenzayo zibonelela ngeesayithi ezininzi ze-adsorption. Izakhiwo zegolide zecyanide zitsalwa kwezi ziza ngokusebenzisa amandla awohlukeneyo, kubandakanywa amandla e-van der Waals kunye nokusebenzisana kwe-electrostatic.

2. Indlela ye-Adsorption

Inkqubo ye-adsorption yegolide ye-cyanide complexes ngekhabhoni esebenzayo iyenzeka kumanyathelo amaninzi. Okokuqala, ii-complexes kwisisombululo zihamba ngokubhekiselele kumphezulu wekhabhoni esebenzayo ngenxa yokuhlukana kwabo phakathi kwesisombululo kunye ne-carbon surface. Kanye kumphezulu, ii-complexes zincamathela kwiindawo ezikhoyo. Ulungelelwaniso lufikelelwa xa umyinge wokuthengiswa kweekhompleksi ulingana nesantya ezikhutshwa ngaso. Ubudlelwane obuphezulu bekhabhoni esebenzayo ye-cyanide complexes yegolide yenza ukuba ukwahlula okusebenzayo kwegolide kwisisombululo, kugxininise kumanyathelo okubuyisela alandelayo.

Ukuchithwa kunye nokuBuyiswa kweGolide kwi-Actiated Carbon

1. Inkqubo yokulahla

Emva kokuba ikhabhoni evuliweyo ibhengeze iikhompleksi zegolide zecyanide kwaye zilayishwe ngegolide, igolide kufuneka isuswe kwikhabhoni ukuze iqhubeke nokusebenza. Indlela eqhelekileyo yinkqubo yeZadra. Kule ndlela, ikhabhoni elayishiweyo iphathwa ngesisombululo esishushu se Isodium cyanide kunye nesodium hydroxide. Ubushushu kunye nokubunjwa kweekhemikhali zesisombululo kuqhawula amabhondi phakathi kwezakhiwo zegolide kunye nekhabhoni esebenzayo, okubangela ukuba igolide ikhutshwe kwakhona kwisisombululo.

2. UkuBuyiswa kweGolide kwiSisombululo seDesorbed

Nje ukuba igolide ibuyele kwisisombululo, iindlela ezininzi zobuchule zingasetyenziswa ukuyibuyisela. Enye indlela ethandwayo yi-electroplating, apho umsinga wombane udlula kwisisombululo sokufaka igolide yesinyithi kwi-cathode. Enye indlela yi-zinc precipitation. I-powder ye-Zinc yongezwa kwisisombululo, kwaye ngokuphendula kwe-redox, i-zinc isusa igolide kwi-complex yegolide ye-cyanide, evumela ukuba igolide enqabileyo ukuba ihlulwe kwisisombululo usebenzisa i-filtration okanye ezinye iindlela zokwahlula.

isiphelo

I-sodium cyanide yinxalenye yenkqubo ye-carbon-in-pulp yokukhutshwa kwegolide. Ivumela ukuchithwa kwegolide kwi-ore ngokwenza ii-complexes ezizinzile phambi kwe-oksijini kunye naphantsi kweemeko ze-pH ezilawulwayo. Amanyathelo alandelayo e-adsorption ngekhabhoni esebenzayo, ukuchithwa kwikhabhoni, kunye nokubuyiswa kwegolide, zonke zakhela phezu kokusabela kokuqala okubandakanya sodium cyanide. Ukuqonda le migaqo kubalulekile ekwandiseni impumelelo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide kushishino lwemigodi, ngelixa kuqinisekiswa ukhuseleko olululo kunye nolawulo lokusingqongileyo ngenxa yobume betyhefu yesodium cyanide.