I-sodium cyanide, ikhemikhali elungele ukukhutshwa kwemigodi yegolide

Ehlabathini Ukumbiwa kweGolide, ukutsalwa kwegolide kwintsimbi ekrwada yinkqubo entsonkothileyo nebangel’ umdla. Omnye umchiza odlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo Isodium cyanide. Ngaphezu kwenkulungwane, sodium cyanide ibiyeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekombiwa kwegolide kwintsimbi ekrwada, kwaye nanamhla oku, iseyeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokwembiwa kwemisebenzi emininzi yokomba igolide.

Iziseko zeSodium Cyanide

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN) yikhompawundi equlethe iqela le-cyano, elibandakanya i-triple-bonding carbon kunye ne-nitrogen. Inokubakho kuzo zombini iifom eziqinileyo kunye nezolwelo. Iqinile Isodium cyanide iveliswa ngokwesiqhelo njenge briquette emhlophe, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi "cyanoid." Ezi briquette zinyibilika kakhulu, zenza kube lula ukuzisebenzisa kwinkqubo yokomba. Ulwelo lwe-sodium cyanide, kwelinye icala, lusiwa kwiindawo zomgodi ngenjongo - iitanki ezakhiweyo ze-ISO ezilungele ukuthuthwa kwendlela okanye ngololiwe.

Isetyenziswa njani iSodium Cyanide kwiMigodi yeGolide

Inkqubo yokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide ukukhupha igolide kwi-ore yaziwa ngokuba I-Cyanide Leaching okanye i-cyanidation. Nali inyathelo-nge-nyathelo lesishwankathelo sendlela le nkqubo isebenza ngayo:

1. Ukulungiselela intsimbi: Okokuqala, intsimbi ekrwada enegolide iculwa ibe ngumgubo ocolekileyo kusetyenziswa oomatshini boshishino. Oku kwandisa ummandla we-ore, okuvumela ukudibanisa okungcono kunye nesisombululo se-sodium cyanide.

2. UkuFunda: I-ore echotshoziweyo yongezwa kwisisombululo esijongwe ngononophelo se-sodium cyanide. Ngethuba le nkqubo, iimolekyuli zegolide zenza izibopho ezinamandla kakhulu kunye ne-sodium cyanide, ibe ngamanzi - anyibilikayo. Ukuphendulwa kweekhemikhali kunokubonakaliswa yi-equation: 4 Au + 8 NaCN + O₂ + 2 H₂O = 4 Na (Au (CN) ₂) + 4 NaOH. Kule mpendulo, igolide isabela kunye nesodium cyanide, ioksijini, kunye namanzi ukwenza igolide enyibilikayo - cyanide complex, sodium aurocyanide (Na(Au(CN)₂)).

3. Ukwahlula: Emva kokuba igolide inyibilikisiwe kwisisombululo, isinyathelo esilandelayo kukuhlula kwi-ore eseleyo kunye nokunye ukungcola. Enye indlela eqhelekileyo kukusebenzisa i-zinc ukukhupha igolide ngaphandle kwesisombululo. I-Zinc iphendula kunye negolide - i-cyanide complex, isusa igolide kwaye yenza i-zinc - i-cyanide complex, ngaloo ndlela ijika igolide ibe yinto eqinile. Enye indlela kukusebenzisa ikhabhoni esebenzayo ukubhengeza igolide-cyanide complex kwisisombululo. Ikhabhoni egcwele igolide iye iphinde ilungiswe kwakhona ukuze kufumaneke igolide.

Izinto eziluncedo zokuSebenzisa iSodium Cyanide kwiMigodi yeGolide

1. Iindleko - Ukusebenza kakuhle: Isodium cyanide ayibizi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela ze Ukutsalwa kwegolide. Oku kuyenza ibe lukhetho olunomtsalane kwiinkampani zemigodi, ngakumbi xa zisebenza ngemiyinge emikhulu okanye i-ores yomgangatho ophantsi.

2. UkuPhumelela okuPhezulu: I-Cyanide leaching inokufikelela kumazinga aphezulu okutsalwa kwegolide, kaninzi idlula i-90% kwiimeko ezininzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba igolide eninzi inokufunyanwa kwintsimbi ekrwada, oko kwandisa inzuzo yokusebenza kwemigodi.

3. Umzimba: I-sodium cyanide ine-solubility efanelekileyo emanzini, evumela ukuba isasazeke ngokukhawuleza kwaye iphendule ngegolide kwi-ore, enceda ukukhawulezisa inkqubo yokukhutshwa.

Iingqwalasela zoKhuseleko nokusiNgqongileyo

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-sodium cyanide yikhemikhali enetyhefu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ishishini lezimayini linemigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko ekhoyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwe-sodium cyanide. Ngapha koko, eMntla Merika naseOstreliya, akukhange kubekho kufa okunxulumene necyanide phakathi kwabasebenzi basemgodini kwisithuba esingaphezu kweminyaka eli-100. Xa bephethe i-sodium cyanide, abasebenzi kufuneka banxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela, ezinjengeemaski zokukhusela eluthulini oluphuma emoyeni okanye kwiirhasi ezinezixa ezincinane zecyanide.

Ukusuka kwimbono yokusingqongileyo, eyona nto ixhalabisayo kukuba i-cyanide ikwazi ukungena emanzini angaphezulu. Iintlanzi zinovelwano kakhulu kwi-cyanide kunabantu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kwe-cyanide kunokuba nefuthe elibi kwi-ikhosistim yendalo. Ukunciphisa lo mngcipheko, iinkampani zemigodi zisebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulawula kunye nokunyanga i-cyanide - equlethe izisombululo. Umzekelo, banokusebenzisa izixhobo zokunyanga kwisiza ukukhupha icyanide phambi kokuba bakhuphe amanzi. Ukongeza, imigodi emininzi ineenkqubo zokuthintela ukukhutshwa ngengozi kwe-cyanide-equlethe izisombululo.

isiphelo

Isodium cyanide ibi, kwaye isaqhubeka, iyikhemikhali ebalulekileyo kwishishini lemigodi yegolide. Ukukwazi kwayo ukukhupha igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada ngexabiso eliphantsi ngokwentelekiso yenze ukuba ibe yinxalenye yemisebenzi yanamhlanje yokomba igolide. Ngelixa ukhuseleko kunye nokukhathazeka kokusingqongileyo kuhambelana nokusetyenziswa kwayo, ishishini lezemigodi lenze inkqubela phambili ebonakalayo ekuphuhliseni iinkqubo zokuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nezicwangciso ezisebenzayo zokulawula indalo. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuvela, kuya kuba ngumdla ukubona ukuba iindlela ezintsha zokutsalwa kwegolide ziyavela, kodwa okwangoku, i-sodium cyanide ihlala ingumdlali ophambili kumzamo wokuvula ixabiso legolide kwi-ore.