Isodium Cyanide kwiMigodi yeMetal exabisekileyo: Ukujongwa okunzulu

intshayelelo

Kwicandelo lokumba iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifana negolide nesilivere, i-sodium cyanide idlale indima ebalulekileyo kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Ukusukela oko yaqaliswa ngeminyaka yoo-1880, ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezisekelwe kwi- cyanide kuye kwaguqula ukukhutshelwa kwezi zinyithi zixabisekileyo kwimizimba ye-ore. Eli nqaku lijonga iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenzisa i-Sodium Cyanide ekumbeni iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo , kubandakanya iimpawu zayo zeekhemikhali, inkqubo yokukhupha , amanyathelo okhuseleko, kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo.

Iipropati zeMichiza yeSodium Cyanide

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) yikhemikhali eyenziwe yi-sodium (Na), iCarbon (C), kunye ne-nitrogen (N). Ihlala ibonakala njenge-solid emhlophe, enyibilikayo emanzini. Kwimizi-mveliso, ingaveliswa ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili. Enye kukuphendula i-hydrogen cyanide (HCN) nge-sodium hydroxide (NaOH), kwaye enye iyenzeka ngenkqubo yeCastner, apho i-sodium amide (NaNH₂) isabela ne-carbon kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Inkqubo yeCyanide Leaching

Ukulungiselela intsimbi

Ngaphambi kokuba inkqubo yokukhupha i-cyanide iqale, kufuneka kulungiswe i-ore equlethe iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo. Oku kudla ngokubandakanya ukutyumza nokucola i-ore ibe ngumgubo ocolekileyo. Injongo kukwandisa indawo engaphezulu ye-ore, okuvumela unxibelelwano olungcono phakathi kwesisombululo se -Sodium cyanide kunye namasuntswana esinyithi axabisekileyo. Umzekelo, ekumbiweni kwegolide, ukuba igolide isasazwa kuyo yonke i-ore ngobuninzi obuncinci, ukucola ngokufanelekileyo kunokuveza igolide engaphezulu kwisisombululo sokukhupha igolide.

UkuFunda

Emva kokuba i-ore ikwimo efanelekileyo, isisombululo se-sodium cyanide esibekwe esweni ngenyameko singeniswa. Xa kukho ioksijini, ukusabela kweekhemikhali kwenzeka. Igolide yenza i-complex kunye ne-cyanide ions, idala igolide e-soluble - i-cyanide complex. Olu bunzima ke lunyibilika kwisisombululo, ngokufanelekileyo ukwahlula igolide kuyo yonke i-matrix ye-ore. Ioksijini kwi-reaction isebenza kwi-oxidize igolide, iququzelele ukuchithwa kwayo.

Ukubuyiswa kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo

Emva kwenkqubo yokukhupha, inyathelo elilandelayo kukubuyisela iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo kwisisombululo. Enye indlela eqhelekileyo kukusebenzisa i-zinc. Xa i-zinc yongezwa kwisisombululo, isusa igolide kwigolide - i-cyanide complex, ijika igolide ibe yinto eqinile. Le golide iqinileyo inokuphinda iqhubekeke phambili, ngokuqhelekileyo ngokunyibilikiswa, ukufumana igolide esulungekileyo.

Iintlobo zeCyanide Leaching

I-Vat Leaching (IziMili eziLawulwayo)

Ikwaziwa njenge-vat leaching, le nkqubo ihlala isenzeka kwindawo yokusila ekhethekileyo ebekwe kwindawo enemigodi. Intsimbi ekrwada ngokucokisekileyo ibonakaliswe kwisisombululo setyuwa yecyanide. Isisombululo sibophelela nge-ion kwiintsimbi ezixabisekileyo, ezivumela ukuba zihlukane kwisisombululo. Nangona kunjalo, izinto ezinjengobukho bezinto ezahlukeneyo kwi-ore zinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwale nkqubo. Umzekelo, ezinye izinto zinokusabela nge-cyanide okanye iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo, ziphazamisana nokwakheka kobunzima obunyibilikayo. Ukongezelela, ngelixa ukuqaliswa kwe-oksijini eninzi kunokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokucoca, oku akusoloko kwenziwa kwiimill ngenxa yokukhathazeka kweendleko.

Haap Leaching

Imfumba yemfumba yenye indlela esetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Kule nkqubo, intsimbi ekrwada igalelwa kwiimfumba ezinkulu. Umxube we-sodium cyanide ke utshizwa phezu kwezi mfumba. Njengoko isisombululo sityhutyha kwintsimbi ekrwada, sinyibilikisa iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo. Ukukhutshwa kwemfumba kuneendleko ezithe kratya- kusebenza kakuhle xa kuthelekiswa ne-vat leaching, ingakumbi kwi-ores yomgangatho ophantsi. Ikwanenzuzo yokongeza ioksijini kumxube ngokwemvelo njengoko isisombululo sityhutyha kwintsimbi ekrwada. Nangona kunjalo, i-drawback enkulu bubunzima bokulawula ikamva lesisombululo se-cyanide enetyhefu emva kokuba igqibe inkqubo yokucoca.

Amanyathelo okhuseleko

Ngaphandle kokusebenza kwayo ekutsalweni kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo, i-sodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu. Kuzo zombini iifom zayo eziqinileyo kunye negesi, ingaba yingozi xa ifakwe okanye ifakwe. Nangona kunjalo, kwishishini lemigodi, amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko akhona. Ukuxinwa kwe-cyanide kwisisombululo sokutsalwa kugcinwa kuphantsi kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo kuluhlu lweengxenye ze-100 ukuya kuma-500 kwisigidi ngasinye. Abasebenzi abaphatha i-sodium cyanide, nokuba ikwimo yebriquette eqinileyo okanye izinyibiliko, kufuneka banxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela, ezinje ngeemaski zokukhusela eluthulini oluphuma emoyeni okanye kwiigesi ezinezixa-mkhondo zecyanide. Enyanisweni, kuMntla Merika nase-Australia, akukhange kubekho kufa okunxulumene ne-cyanide phakathi kwabasebenzi basemgodini kwisithuba esingaphezulu kweminyaka eli-100, ebonisa ukusebenza kwezi prothokholi zokhuseleko.

Iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo

Enye yezona zinto zixhalabisayo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwimigodi yimpembelelo yayo enokubakho kokusingqongileyo. Ukuba isisombululo secyanide singena emanzini angaphezulu, sinokuba nemiphumo emibi. Iintlanzi zaziwa ngokuba buthathaka ngokuphindwe kaliwaka kwicyanide kunabantu. Ungcoliseko olusuka kwicyanide lunokuphazamisa inkqubo yendalo ephilayo, lwenzakalisa ubomi basemanzini kwaye lunokuchaphazela lonke ikhonkco lokutya. Ukunciphisa le mingcipheko, iinkampani zemigodi ziphumeza izicwangciso ezahlukeneyo zolawulo lokusingqongileyo. Oku kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwamachibi anemigca yokugcina izisombululo ze-cyanide, iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokuthintela ukuthintela ukuvuza, kunye neenkqubo zokunyanga ukukhupha i-cyanide - equlethe amanzi angcolileyo ngaphambi kokuba akhutshwe.

isiphelo

Isodium cyanide ihlala iyikhemikhali eyimfuneko emigodini yeentsimbi ezixabisekileyo. Ukukwazi kwayo ukukhupha igolide, isilivere, kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo kwintsimbi ekrwada kuyenze isiseko soshishino lwemigodi yanamhlanje. Nangona kunjalo, imingcipheko enxulumene noko, ngokumalunga nokhuseleko kunye nokusingqongileyo, ayinakunganakwa. Ngokuphunyezwa kwemigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko kunye nezenzo zolawulo oluphezulu lokusingqongileyo, ishishini lezemigodi liyaqhubeka nokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide ngendlela enoxanduva, ukulinganisa imfuno yokutsalwa kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo kunye nokukhuselwa kwempilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo. Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubela phambili, kunokwenzeka ukuba iindlela ezisebenzayo kunye nokusingqongileyo zokukhutshwa kwesinyithi esixabisekileyo ziya kuphuhliswa, kodwa kwixesha elizayo elibonakalayo, i-sodium cyanide iya kuqhubeka idlala indima ebalulekileyo kweli shishini elibalulekileyo.