Iinkalo zesicelo kunye nokubaluleka kwe-sodium cyanide

intshayelelo

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN), i-crystalline powder emhlophe, iyityhefu kakhulu kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu. Nangona inobungozi bayo, idlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa zeekhemikhali. Eli nqaku ligocagoca kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zesicelo ze sodium cyanide kwaye iqaqambisa ukubaluleka kwayo.

Ukumbiwa kweCyanide: Ukukhupha iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo

Inkqubo yeGold Cyanidation

Igolide cyanidation, nekwaziwa ngokuba yinkqubo yecyanide, yeyona ndlela isetyenziswa kakhulu ekufumaneni igolide kwizinto ezikrwada zomgangatho ophantsi. Ngaphezulu kwe-70% yokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide yehlabathi kunikezelwe kule njongo. Kule nkqubo, Isodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukunyibilikisa isinyithi segolide. Ngenxa yobudlelwane obuqinileyo phakathi kwegolide kunye necyanide, igolide ekwintsimbi ekrwada iyakhupha kwaye inyibilike xa ibekwe emoyeni, ioksijini kunye namanzi. Le ndlela ivumela ukutsalwa okusebenzayo kwegolide kwintsimbi ekrwada ebeya kuthi ngenye indlela ingabinamali ukusetyenzwa, ibe negalelo elikhulu kunikezelo lwegolide kwihlabathi.

Ukutsalwa kweSilivere kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo

I-sodium cyanide ayiphelelanga ekutsalweni kwegolide. Ikwasetyenziselwa ukutsalwa kwesilivere kunye nezinye iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo kwi-ores yazo. Ngokwenza isinyithi esizinzile - i-cyanide complexes, yenza ukuba ukwahlukana kwezi zinyithi zixabisekileyo kwilitye elibamba. Oku kubalulekile kwishishini lemigodi njengoko kunceda ekwandiseni ukufunyanwa kwakhona kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza koqoqosho lwemisebenzi yemigodi.

I-Chemical Feedstock: Iibhloko zoKwakha iiNdibaniselwano zeMichiza

Ukudityaniswa kweeCyanides ezingaphiliyo

Isodium cyanide isebenza njengesiseko semathiriyeli ekrwada kwimveliso yezinto ezahlukeneyo ezingaphiliyo iicyanides. Iikhompawundi ezifana ne-cyanuric chloride, i-cyanogen chloride, kunye ne-nitriles ezininzi ziphuma kuyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-cyanuric chloride yinto ebalulekileyo ephakathi kwimveliso ye-pesticides, i-herbicides, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeepolymers. Ukukwazi ukuvelisa ezi inorganic IiCyanides ku Isodium cyanide yenza isiseko soluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso zeekhemikhali ezisezantsi.

I-Organic Synthesis

Kwi-organic synthesis, i-cyanide, njenge-nucleophile enamandla, isetyenziselwa ukulungiselela i-nitriles. I-Nitriles ixhaphake kwiikhemikhali ezininzi, kuquka namayeza. Umzekelo ongumzekelo kukwenziwa kwe-benzyl cyanide ngokusabela kwe-benzyl chloride kunye ne-sodium cyanide. Le mpendulo linyathelo eliphambili ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto ezininzi eziphilayo, ezibonisa ukubaluleka kwe-sodium cyanide kwintsimi ye-organic chemistry. Ukwenziwa kweziyobisi ezininzi, iziqholo kunye neziqholo zihlala zixhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni kwe-nitriles elungiselelwe kwi-sodium cyanide.

Electroplating: Ukuphuculwa Metal Surfaces

Kwishishini le-electroplating, i-sodium cyanide idlala indima eninzi. Xa isetyenziswa kwizisombululo ze-electroplating kwiintsimbi ezifana nobhedu, isilivere, i-cadmium, kunye ne-zinc, isebenza imisebenzi emininzi. Okokuqala, kunciphisa i-anodic polarization, iqinisekisa ukuchithwa okugudileyo kunye nokuqhubekayo kwe-anode. Oku kunceda ekugcineni ugxininiso oluzinzileyo lweeoni zetsimbi kwisisombululo seplating. Okwesibini, inyusa i-cathodic polarization, eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufumaneni iyunifomu kunye nokunamathela kwesinyithi kwi-cathode. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwi-electroplating ivumela ukuveliswa kwemigangatho yentsimbi ephezulu kunye nokuxhathisa okuphuculweyo, ukubonakala kunye nokuqina. Oku kubalulekile kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo, ukusuka kwi-decorative plating kwi-jewelry kunye nempahla yabathengi ukuya kwi-plating esebenzayo kwimizi-mveliso yeemoto kunye ne-aerospace.

Ezinye izicelo zeNiche

Metal Ukuqina

I-sodium cyanide isetyenziswa kwishishini lokuqinisa isinyithi. Kwiinkqubo ezithile zonyango lobushushu, ingasetyenziselwa ukwazisa ICarbon kunye ne-nitrogen kumphezulu wezinto zentsimbi. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-cyaniding, iphucula ubulukhuni bomphezulu kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwesinyithi ngelixa igcina ubulukhuni bayo embindini. Izinto ezifana neegiya, iishafts, kunye nezibophelelo zinokuphathwa ngale ndlela ukuphucula ukusebenza kwazo kunye nobomi bazo kwiindlela zokusebenza zoomatshini.

Ukuxuba

Kwezinye izicelo zezolimo kunye nokugcinwa, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziswe njenge-fumigant. Ngenxa yokukwazi ukukhupha igesi yehydrogen cyanide, enetyhefu kwizitshabalalisi, ingasetyenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane, iimpuku, kunye nezinye izinambuzane eziziinkozo ezigciniweyo, kwiindawo zokugcina iimpahla, nakwizindlu zokugcina izityalo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwi-fumigation kulawulwa kakhulu ngenxa yetyhefu eyingozi kakhulu kunye neengozi ezinokuthi zibe khona kunye nempilo.

Ukubaluleka kweSodium Cyanide

Ukubaluleka kwesodium cyanide kula mashishini ayinakugqithiswa. Kwishishini lezemigodi, lenza ukuba kutsalwe iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo eziyimfuneko kuqoqosho lwehlabathi, ishishini lezacholo, kunye nenkqubela phambili yobuchwepheshe. Kwishishini lemichiza, lisebenza njengebhloko yokwakha engundoqo yeekhompawundi zeekhemikhali ezingenakubalwa ezisetyenziswa kumayeza, iiplastiki, iifayibha, kunye nezinye ezininzi zabathengi kunye neemveliso zoshishino. Kwi-electroplating, iqinisekisa ukuveliswa komgangatho ophezulu weentsimbi zentsimbi ezikhusela kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kweemveliso zetsimbi. Nakwizicelo zayo ze-niche ezifana nokuqina kwentsimbi kunye nokufutha, inika izisombululo ezizodwa ekunzima ukuzitshintsha ezinye iikhemikhali.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukuphathwa, ukugcinwa, kunye nokulahlwa kwe-sodium cyanide kufuneka kuqhutywe ngononophelo olukhulu ngenxa yetyhefu ephezulu. Imithetho engqongqo yokhuseleko kunye noqeqesho olufanelekileyo lubalulekile ekunciphiseni iingozi ezinxulumene nale khemikhali. Nangona imingcipheko, ukubaluleka kwayo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zamashishini kwenza ukuba ibe yikhemikhali yexabiso elikhulu kwaye iqhubeke nokufunda.