Izicelo ze-NACN-Sodium Cyanide kwi-Metallurgy kunye ne-Chemical Industry

intshayelelo

I-sodium cyanide (NaCN) yikhompawundi yeekhemikhali edlala indima ebalulekileyo kumashishini esinyithi kunye neekhemikhali. Ngaphandle kobume bayo obuyityhefu kakhulu, iipropathi zayo ezizodwa zeekhemikhali ziyenza ibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezininzi zoshishino. Eli nqaku lingena kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo ze Isodium cyanide phakathi kwala macandelo mabini abalulekileyo oshishino.

Iipropati zeSodium Cyanide

Isodium cyanide yikristale emhlophe eqinileyo enevumba elimfiliba nelikrakrayo lealmondi. Inobunzima bemolar obumalunga ne-49.01 g/mol. Inyibilika kakhulu emanzini, malunga ne-46 grams enyibilikayo kwi-100 mililitha yamanzi kwindawo yobushushu begumbi. Ikhompawundi iqukethe i-Na⁺ cation kunye ne-CN⁻ anion. Inendawo yokunyibilika emalunga ne-564 °C kunye neqondo lokubila elimalunga ne-1496 °C. Ezi zakhiwo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zibalulekile ekuqondeni ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zoshishino.

Usetyenziso kwiMetallurgy

Ukutsalwa kwegolide kunye neSilivere

Enye yezona zicelo ezaziwa kakhulu ze Isodium cyanide kwi-metallurgy kukukhutshwa kwegolide kunye nesilivere kwi-ores yazo. Le nkqubo, eyaziwa ngokuba Cyanidation, isekelwe kwisakhono se-cyanide ions ukwenza ii-complexes ezizinzileyo kunye negolide kunye nesilivere. Phambi kweoksijini kunye namanzi, sodium cyanide Iphendula negolide kwintsimbi ekrwada ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂+ 2H₂O → 4Na[Au(CN)₂]+ 4NaOH

Igolide - icyanide complex [Au(CN)₂]⁻ iyanyibilika emanzini, ivumela igolide ukuba yohlulwe kwi-ore matrix. Esi sisombululo siphinda siqhubeke nokubuyisela igolide esulungekileyo. Ngokufanayo, isilivere inokukhutshwa kusetyenziswa indlela yokusabela efanayo. I-Cyanidation yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lemigodi ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu ekubuyiseni iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo kwi-ore yomgangatho ophantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ukhuseleko olungqongqo kunye neeprothokholi zokusingqongileyo kufuneka zilandelwe ngexesha lale nkqubo ukuthintela ukukhutshwa kweekhompawundi ezinetyhefu ze-cyanide.

Metal nesingxobo

I-sodium cyanide iphinda isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo ze-electroplating. Kwi-electroplating, umaleko obhityileyo wesinyithi ufakwa kumphezulu wenye into. Iibhafu ze-Cyanide ezisekelwe kwi-electroplating zisetyenziselwa ukucola iintsimbi ezifana nobhedu, isilivere, i-cadmium, kunye nezinc. Iiyoni ze-cyanide kwindawo yokuhlambela zisebenza imisebenzi emininzi. Bancedisa ekuchithweni kwesinyithi se-anode, ukuqinisekisa ukubonelela ngokuzinzileyo kwee-ion zetsimbi zokubeka. I-Cyanide iphinda isebenze njenge-ejenti eyinkimbinkimbi, enokuphucula umgangatho womgangatho wesinyithi ogciniweyo. Inokunciphisa ubukhulu beenkozo zediphozithi, okubangela ukuba kube lula kunye nokugqoka okufanayo. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-plating yesilivere, i-sodium cyanide kwindawo yokuhlambela inceda ekufezekiseni isilivere eqaqambileyo, enamathele kwi-substrate.

Ityala lokuqina kwentsimbi

Kwimeko yokuqina kwentsimbi, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukwandisa ubunzima bomhlaba wezinto zetsimbi. Inkqubo ibandakanya ukufudumeza isinyithi phambi kwe-cyanide - equkethe i-compound. I-cyanide ibola kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ikhupha i-carbon kunye ne-athomu yenitrogen. Ezi athom zisasazeke kumphezulu wentsimbi, zenza iikhompawundi eziqinileyo ezifana ne-iron carbides kunye ne-nitrides. Oku kubangela umaleko onzima wangaphandle kwintsimbi, ngelixa i-core ihlala ithambile kwaye i-ductile. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwimeko yokuqina kunokunyusa ukunyanzeliswa kokunxiba kunye namandla okudinwa kwamacandelo entsimbi, okwenza ukuba afaneleke usetyenziso olufana neegiya, iishafu kunye neebheringi.

Izicelo kuShishino lweMichiza

I-Synthesis of Organic Compounds

Isodium cyanide sisiqalo esibalulekileyo sokwenziwa koluhlu olubanzi lweekhompawundi eziphilayo. Isetyenziselwa ukwenza amayeza, iiplastiki, iidayi nezinye iikhemikhali. Ngokomzekelo, kwishishini lamayeza, lisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa amayeza afana nepenicillin, ivithamin B₆, nefolic acid. Kwi-synthesis ye-penicillin, i-sodium cyanide ibandakanyeka kuluhlu lweempendulo ezikhokelela ekwakhiweni kweempawu ze-β-lactam ring ye-antibiotic.

Kwimveliso yeeplastiki, i-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukudibanisa i-monomers. Ngokomzekelo, isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-acrylonitrile, eyi-monomer yokwenza i-polyacrylonitrile (PAN), i-polymer eqhelekileyo esetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kweefayili zokwenziwa kunye neeplastiki. Ukusabela kwe-sodium cyanide kunye nezinye iikhemikhali kunokukhokelela ekwakhiweni kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-organic intermediates eziqhutyelwa phambili ukufumana isiphelo esinqwenelekayo - iimveliso.

Ukuveliswa kwe-Cyanides ye-Inorganic

Isodium cyanide isetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokuqala ukuveliswa kwezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ezingaphiliyo iicyanides. Umzekelo, isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa Potassium cyanide (KCN), i-zinc cyanide (Zn (CN) ₂), kunye ne-cyanide yobhedu (CuCN). Ezi inorganic IiCyanides banezicelo zabo kumashishini ahlukeneyo. I-potassium cyanide isetyenziswa kwi-electroplating, ngakumbi xa kucaba igolide nesilivere. I-zinc cyanide isetyenziswa kwi-zinc - plating process, kunye ne-cyanide yobhedu isetyenziswa kwi-electroplating yobhedu kunye nokuveliswa kwee-alloys ezithile zobhedu. Ukuveliswa kwezi cyanides ze-inorganic ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukusabela kwe-sodium cyanide kunye neetyuwa zentsimbi ezifanelekileyo okanye ngezinye iikhemikhali.

Ukusetyenziswa kwi-Chemical Analysis

Kuhlalutyo lwamachiza, i-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziswa kwiindlela ezithile zokuhlalutya. Ngokomzekelo, ekumiselweni kwee-ion ezithile zetsimbi kwisisombululo, i-cyanide ingasetyenziselwa njenge-agent eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokongeza i-sodium cyanide kwisisombululo esine-ion zetsimbi, isinyithi esikhethekileyo - i-cyanide complexes inokuqulunqwa. Ezi zixhobo zihlala zineempawu zeempawu, ezifana nombala okanye ukunyibilika, okungasetyenziselwa ukuchonga okanye ukulinganisa i-ion zetsimbi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yetyhefu egqithisileyo ye-sodium cyanide, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuhlalutyo lweekhemikhali kulawulwa kakhulu, kwaye ezinye iindlela, iindlela ezinetyhefu zidla ngokukhethwa xa zikhona.

Iingqwalaselo zoKhuseleko

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-sodium cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu. Ukuvezwa kwi-sodium cyanide, nokuba kukuphefumla, ukungeniswa, okanye ukudibana kwesikhumba, kunokubulala. Isebenza ngokuphazamisa ukuphefumla kweselula, ukuthintela iiseli ekusebenziseni ioksijini ngokufanelekileyo. Ekusetyenzisweni kweshishini le-sodium cyanide, amanyathelo okhuseleko angqongqo kufuneka aphunyezwe. Abasebenzi abaphatha i-sodium cyanide kufuneka banxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuzikhusela, kubandakanya iiglavu, iiglavu, kunye nokhuseleko lokuphefumla. Izibonelelo zokugcina i-sodium cyanide kufuneka ziyilwe ukukhusela ukuvuza kunye nokuchitheka, kwaye izicwangciso zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza kufuneka zibekho kwimeko yokukhutshwa ngengozi. Ukukhuselwa kwendalo kukwayinkxalabo enkulu, njengoko naluphi na ukukhutshwa kwe-sodium cyanide kwindawo engqongileyo kunokuba neziphumo ezibi kakhulu kwizilwanyana zasendle kunye nemithombo yamanzi.

isiphelo

I-sodium cyanide, nangona ityhefu yendalo, ineendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezicelo ezibalulekileyo kuzo zombini i-metallurgy kunye namashishini ekhemikhali. Kwi-metallurgy, ibalulekile ekutsalweni kwentsimbi exabisekileyo, i-metal plating, kunye nokuqina kwetyala. Kwishishini lemichiza, lisebenza njengesixhobo esiphambili sokuqalisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezininzi eziphilayo kunye ne-inorganic compounds kwaye inezicelo kuhlalutyo lweekhemikhali. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kufuneka kuhlale kukhatshwa lukhuseleko olungqongqo kunye namanyathelo okukhusela okusingqongileyo ukunciphisa umngcipheko ohambelana nale khompawundi inetyhefu kakhulu. Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubela phambili, iinzame ziyaqhubeka zisenziwa ukuphuhlisa ezinye iindlela ezinokufikelela kwiinjongo ezifanayo zoshishino ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezinobungozi obunjalo, kodwa okwangoku, i-sodium cyanide ihlala iyingxenye ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo ezininzi zezoshishino.