Izicelo kunye nemingeni yeSodium Cyanide kuShishino loMbane

Kwinkalo yokwenziwa echanekileyo ye Icandelo lezombane, Isodium cyanide (I-NaCN), into enetyhefu kakhulu, idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa zeekhemikhali. Njenge-ejenti enzima enzima kunye ne-arhente yokunciphisa, sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwezinto zombane, ukusetyenzwa kwe-semiconductor, ukwenziwa kweebhetri, kunye neminye imiba. Nangona kunjalo, ubutyhefu bayo obuphezulu kunye nemingcipheko yokusingqongileyo nayo ibeka imingeni enzima kwishishini. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga kwiimeko zesicelo ze Isodium cyanide kwishishini le-elektroniki kwaye uhlalutye imiba yobugcisa kunye nokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo ejongene nayo.

I. Usetyenziso olungundoqo lweSodium Cyanide kuShishino loMbane

1.Unyango lweMetal Surface kunye ne-Electroplating

I-sodium cyanide yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemveli I-Electroplating iinkqubo, ingakumbi xa kusenziwa iibhodi zesekethe eprintiweyo (PCBs) kunye nezihlanganisi, apho isetyenziselwa unyango umphezulu iintsimbi ezifana nobhedu, igolide, kunye nesilivere. Ngokusebenzisa i-complex action ye-sodium cyanide, ukuchithwa okufanayo kwee-ion zetsimbi kunokufezekiswa, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nokuhamba kombane kombane. Ngokomzekelo, kwinkqubo ye-metallization ye-micro-hole ye-PCB ephezulu, i-sodium cyanide inokulawula ngokufanelekileyo izinga lokubeka ubhedu, ukuphepha ukukhubazeka okufutshane okanye okuvulekileyo.

2.Ukwenziwa kweSixhobo seSemiconductor

Kwimveliso ye-chip ye-semiconductor, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukucoca kunye nokubhala umphezulu we-wafer. Umzekelo, emva kokupholishwa kwe-silicon, isisombululo se-sodium cyanide sinokususa ukungcola kwentsimbi okushiyekileyo kwaye sithintele iisekethe ezimfutshane. Ukongezelela, ipropati yayo yokunciphisa eyomeleleyo ingasetyenziselwa unyango oluphezulu lwe-semiconductors ethile (njenge-GaAs), ukuphucula ukusebenza kwesixhobo.

3.IThekhnoloji yeBattery kunye noGcino lwaMandla

Kwi-synthesis yezinto ezilungileyo ze-electrode kwiibhetri ze-lithium-ion kunye neebhetri ze-nickel-metal hydride, i-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa njenge-agent eyinkimbinkimbi yokunceda ukulawula i-morphology kunye nobukhulu be-particle ye-precursors yensimbi, ngaloo ndlela iphucula amandla ebhetri kunye nobomi bomjikelezo. Ngokomzekelo, kwinkqubo yokulungiselela izinto ze-ternary positive electrode (ezifana ne-NCM), i-coprecipitation reaction ebandakanya i-sodium cyanide inokwandisa ukusabalalisa i-particle.

4.Ukurisayikilishwa kweNkunkuma yoMbane

Kunyango lwenkunkuma ye-elektroniki, i-sodium cyanide ingasetyenziselwa ukuvuza ngokufanelekileyo isinyithi esixabisekileyo njengegolide kunye nesilivere kwiibhodi zeesekethe ze-废旧. Ubuchule bayo bokudibanisa benza ukuba isinyithi esixabisekileyo sinyibilike ngendlela ye-cyanide complexes, iququzelele ukuhlanjululwa okulandelayo.

II. Imingeni yobuGcisa kunye nokusiNgqongileyo ejongene neSodium Cyanide

1.Umngcipheko ophezulu weToxicity kunye noLawulo loKhuseleko

I-sodium cyanide inetyhefu eyingozi kakhulu (idosi ebulalayo ephakathi i-LD50 yi-6.4 mg / kg kuphela), kwaye ukudibanisa nothuli lwayo okanye isisombululo ngesikhumba, ukuphefumla, okanye ukungeniswa ngengozi kunokubulala. Iifektri ze-elektroniki kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo ezingqongqo zokukhusela, iinkqubo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka, kunye neendlela zokuphendula ngokukhawuleza, okukhokelela ekunyukeni okukhulu kweendleko zokusebenza. Ukongeza, imimandla emininzi kwihlabathi jikelele (efana ne-European Union kunye neTshayina) iphumeza inkqubo yelayisenisi yokusetyenziswa kwe iicyanides, inciphisa ngakumbi umda wesicelo sayo.

2.Ungcoliseko lweNdalo kunye neeNgozi zeNdalo

Ukuba amanzi amdaka ane-cyanide akhutshwa ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle kokunyangwa ngokucokisekileyo, i-hydrogen cyanide (HCN) iya kuveliswa ngokubola kwimizila yamanzi yendalo, ibeka isoyikiso kwizinto eziphilayo zasemanzini kunye nempilo yabantu. Iindlela zonyango zemveli (ezifana ne-alkaline chlorination method) zifuna ubuninzi bee-oxidants kwaye zinokuvelisa ukungcola okwesibini (okufana ne-chlorine-equkethe iimveliso eziphumayo). Ke ngoko, amashishini ombane kufuneka atyale imali eninzi ekwakheni iindawo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka akumgangatho ophezulu.

3.IiBottlenecks zobuChwephesha baMabambela

Nangona iteknoloji ye-electroplating engena-cyanide (efana nokusebenzisa i-ejenti ezixubileyo ezifana ne-EDTA kunye ne-citrate) ziye zaqhubela phambili, azikwazi ukuthatha indawo epheleleyo ye-sodium cyanide ngokubhekiselele kwikhwalithi yokugqoka (njengokufana kunye nokubambelela) kunye nokuzinza kwenkqubo. Umzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-cyanide-free plating yegolide kwizinxibelelanisi ze-elektroniki kusenengxaki yokuchasana nokunxibelelana okuphezulu, okuthintela ukunyuswa kwayo.

4.Ulawulo kunye noxinzelelo lweNtlalo

Ngokukhula kolwazi lwehlabathi ngokukhuselwa kwendalo, ukongamela IiCyanides ngamazwe ehlabathini lonke iya isiba ngqongqo ngakumbi. Umzekelo, ummiselo we-EU's REACH udwelisa isodium cyanide njengento exhalabisa kakhulu (SVHC), efuna ukuba amashishini abonelele ngezisombululo ezizezinye. Imfuno yabathengi "yemveliso ye-elektroniki eluhlaza" ikwanyanzela abavelisi ukuba batshintshele kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa ezikhuselekileyo.

III. Ubuchule bokuPhendula kuShishino kunye neeNdlela zekamva

I-1.I-Innovation yeTekhnoloji: Ukuphuhlisa iiNkqubo eziNgcono ezizezinye

• Iteknoloji yeCyanide-Free Electroplating: Abaphandi bahlola ukusetyenziswa kwe-bio-based complexing agents (ezifana ne-chitosan) okanye i-ionic liquids ukuthatha indawo ye-cyanides, ukunciphisa ubuthi.

• Iinkqubo ezomileyo: Ukwamkela itekhnoloji eyomileyo efana ne- physical vapor deposition (PVD) okanye i-chemical vapor deposition (CVD) ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwii-reagents zemichiza elulwelo.

• Intelligent Production: Ukuphucula i-electroplating parameters ngokusebenzisa i-AI algorithms ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ngelixa uphucula imveliso yemveliso.

2.UQoqosho lweSetyhula kunye nokuResayikilishwa kweZibonelelo

Amashishini ombane ngokuthe ngcembe azisa imodeli yolawulo oluvaliweyo. Ubuchwephesha obufana nokwahlulwa kwe-membrane kunye notshintshiselwano lwe-ion zisetyenziselwa ukusetyenzwa kwakhona kwe-cyanides kunye nee-ion zetsimbi kumanzi amdaka, ukuphumeza ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kobutyebi. Ngokomzekelo, umenzi we-PCB ohamba phambili uye wafumana izinga lokuphinda lisetyenziswe i-sodium cyanide ngaphezu kwe-90%, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kunye nongcoliseko.

3.Umgaqo-nkqubo kunye neNtsebenziswano yoShishino

Urhulumente unokukhuthaza amashishini ukuba amkele iinkqubo eziluhlaza ngokusebenzisa inkuthazo yerhafu, inkxaso-mali ye-R&D, kunye neminye imigaqo-nkqubo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye akhuthaze ukuqulunqwa kwemigangatho yoshishino (efana "neMiqathango yoLawulo loLawulo loNgcoliseko oluBangelwe ziiMveliso zoLwazi lweKhompyutha"). Ukongeza, amashishini asemantla nasezantsi kwekhonkco lemizi-mveliso (njengababoneleli ngezinto eziphathekayo kunye nabavelisi bezixhobo) kufuneka bomeleze intsebenziswano ukuze baphuhlise ngokudibeneyo izisombululo ezizezinye ezinetyhefu ephantsi.

isiphelo

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwishishini le-elektroniki libonisa ukuchasana phakathi kwezinto zekhemikhali ezikhuthaza inkqubela yezobuchwepheshe kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo. Nangona kunzima ukutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo kwixesha elifutshane, kunye nophuhliso lwekhemistri eluhlaza kunye nokuveliswa okuhlakaniphile, imboni yezobuchwephesha ikhawuleza ukuguqulwa kwayo ukuya kwicala elikhuselekileyo nelizinzileyo. Kwixesha elizayo, iteknoloji entsha, isikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nentsebenziswano yezoshishino iya kuba yizitshixo zokusombulula le ngxaki, ukunceda imboni yezombane ifezekise injongo yokuphumelela "yokusebenza okuphezulu" kunye "nohlaza".