Iziphumo zokusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kweSodium Cyanide kwiNkqubo yeGold Leaching

Kwishishini lemigodi yegolide, i i-cyanide inkqubo yokucoca, ngakumbi ukusebenzisa Isodium cyanide, yindlela eqhelekileyo yokukhupha igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada. Nangona kunjalo, i Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo of Isodium cyanide kule nkqubo kunokukhokelela kuluhlu lweengxaki ezibalulekileyo, eziyingozi kuzo zombini iinkalo zoqoqosho zokusebenza kwemigodi kunye nokusingqongileyo.

1. Iindleko zokuSebenza ezongeziweyo

1.1 Inkcitho yeMichiza ePhezulu

I-sodium cyanide ayiyona i-reagent engabizi. Xa isetyenziswe kwizixa ezigqithisileyo, iindleko ezithe ngqo zokuthenga le khemikhali ziyenyuka kakhulu. Imigodi kufuneka yabe inxalenye enkulu yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali ukuze ifumane ubungakanani obufunekayo sodium cyanide. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umgodi uvame ukusebenza nge-concentration ye-cyanide ye-0.05% - 0.1% kwisisombululo se-leaching, kodwa ngenxa yokuphatha kakubi okanye ukuqonda okungafanelekanga kwenkqubo, ugxininiso lunyuswe kwi-0.2%, isixa se-sodium cyanide esetyenzisiweyo kwiyunithi nganye ye-ore ecutshungulwayo iya phantse kabini okanye kathathu. Oku konyusa ngokuthe ngqo iindleko zokuthengwa kweekhemikhali, ukutya kwimida yenzuzo yokusebenza kwemigodi.

1.2 Iindleko ezongezelelweyo zonyango

Ukugqithisa kwe-sodium cyanide kwinkqubo yokukhupha kubangela amanqanaba aphezulu e-cyanide kumanzi amdaka avelisiweyo. Ukunyanga la manzi amdaka ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokukhutshelwa kokusingqongileyo kuba nzima kwaye kuyabiza. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokususwa kwe-cyanide kumanzi amdaka, njenge-chemical oxidation (usebenzisa i-chlorine okanye i-hydrogen peroxide), unyango lwebhayoloji, okanye utshintshiselwano lwe-ion, zonke zifuna ii-reagents ezingaphezulu, amandla, kunye namaxesha onyango olude xa ugxininiso lwe-cyanide luphakanyisiwe. Ngokomzekelo, kwinkqubo ye-oxidation yeekhemikhali, ii-agent ezininzi ze-oxidizing kufuneka zongezwe ukudiliza amanqanaba aphezulu e-cyanide. Oku akukonyusi nje iindleko zeekhemikhali ze-oxidizing kodwa kunokufuna iinqanawa ezinkulu zokusabela kunye namandla angaphezulu okuxuba kunye nokusabela, ngoko ke ukongeza kwiindleko zokusebenza zizonke zomgodi.

2. Ungcoliseko Lwendalo

2.1 Ungcoliseko lwaManzi

2.1.1 Ukuphazamiseka kwenkqubo yendalo yasemanzini

Xa i-sodium cyanide eninzi ikhoyo kwinkqubo yokucoca, kukho ingozi eyongeziweyo yokuchitheka kwe-cyanide emanzini. I-cyanide inetyhefu kakhulu kubomi basemanzini. Nakwiqondo eliphantsi, kunokubangela ingozi enkulu kwiintlanzi, izilwanyana ezingenamqolo, kunye nezinye izinto eziphila emanzini. Umzekelo, kwimeko yokuchitheka kwe-cyanide ye-Baia Mare e-Romania ngo-2000. ukugqabhuka kwedama le-tailings kukhuphe i-100.000 cubic metres ye-cyanide - amanzi amdaka angcolisekileyo kwimilambo iTisza neDanube. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-cyanide emanzini abulala inani elikhulu leentlanzi, ephazamisa lonke ikhonkco lokutya kwamanzi. Izityalo zasemanzini nazo zinokuchaphazeleka, njengoko i-cyanide inokuphazamisana ne-photosynthesis kunye neenkqubo zokuphefumla, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukukhula kunye nemveliso.

2.1.2 Ungcoliseko lwaManzi Aselwayo

I-Cyanide-amanzi angcolisekileyo asuka kwimisebenzi yokwemba asenokungena kwimithombo yamanzi aphantsi komhlaba okanye angcolise amanzi angaphezulu asetyenziselwa ukusela amanzi. I-cyanide emanzini okusela yingozi enkulu empilweni. Nokuba ixabiso elincinci le-cyanide linokubangela iziphumo ezibukhali zempilo ezinje ngentloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, kwaye kwiimeko ezinzima, zinokubulala. EUnited States, ngo-1982. kumgodi we-Zortman - Landusky e-Montana, iilitha ezingama-52.000 zesisombululo se-cyanide zavuza kwaye zatyhefa i-aquifer eyayibonelela ngamanzi okusela amatsha kwidolophu yaseZortman. Esi siganeko siqaqambise amandla ongcoliseko lwe-cyanide olunxulumene nezimbiwa ukubeka emngciphekweni impilo yabantu ngokungcoliseka kwamanzi okusela.

2.2 Ungcoliseko loMhlaba

Ukuba icyanide - equlathe amanzi amdaka okanye inkunkuma eqinileyo evela kwinkqubo yokomba (ezifana neentsalela zezimbiwa) ilahlwa ngendlela engafanelekanga emhlabeni, inokungcolisa umhlaba. I-Cyanide emhlabeni inokuqhubeka ixesha elide, ngakumbi kwiimeko ze-anaerobic. Oku kunokuba neempembelelo ezininzi ezingalunganga kwi-ikhosistim yomhlaba. Inokuthintela ukukhula kwezityalo ngokuphazamisa umsebenzi wabo weengcambu kunye nokuthatha izondlo. Ezinye izityalo zinokubonisa ukukhula okudodobala, amagqabi abe tyheli, okanye ade afe. Ukongezelela, iintsholongwane zomhlaba, ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo kumjikelezo wesondlo kunye nokuchuma komhlaba, zinokuchaphazeleka kakhulu. Umsebenzi weebhaktheriya eziluncedo kunye nomngundo unokuthintelwa, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni umgangatho womhlaba kunye nemveliso.

2.3 Ungcoliseko loMoya

Kwi Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide, ukuba iimeko azilawulwa ngokufanelekileyo, i-sodium cyanide eninzi inokukhokelela ekubunjweni nasekukhululweni kwegesi ye-hydrogen cyanide (HCN). I-HCN yirhasi eguquguqukayo neyityhefu kakhulu. Xa i-sodium cyanide isabela kunye ne-acids (enokuthi ibe khona kwi-ore okanye yongezwa ngexesha lenkqubo) okanye phantsi kweemeko ezithile ze-pH, i-HCN inokuveliswa. Ngokomzekelo, xa i-pH yesisombululo se-leaching ihla ngaphantsi kwinqanaba elithile, i-sodium cyanide inokusabela ngezinto ezinobumuncu kwisisombululo ukwenza i-hydrogen cyanide kunye ne-sodium compounds. Ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-HCN emoyeni kubangela ingozi enkulu kwimpilo yabasebenzi basemgodini kunye noluntu olukufutshane. Ukuphefumla i-HCN kunokubangela ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza, isiyezi, isicaphucaphu, kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunokusongela ubomi kwangoko.

3. Impembelelo kwiNkqubo yeLeaching ngokwayo

3.1 Amazinga okuLeaching acothayo

Ngokuchasene noko kulindelekileyo, ukusebenzisa isixa esigqithisileyo sesodium cyanide ayithethi ukuba ikhawuleze okanye isebenze ngakumbi. Ukutsalwa kwegolide. Enyanisweni, kwezinye iimeko, kunokuba nempembelelo eyahlukileyo. Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-cyanide lunokubangela ukwakheka kwesinyithi - i-cyanide complexes kunye nezinye izinyithi ezikhoyo kwi-ore, ezifana nobhedu, i-zinc, okanye isinyithi. Ezi zakhiwo zinokutya i-cyanide kwaye zinciphise inani le-cyanide yasimahla ekhoyo yokusabela ngegolide. Ngokomzekelo, ubhedu olukhoyo kwi-ore lunokwenza ubhedu oluzinzile - i-cyanide complexes. Ngenxa yoko, izinga lokunyibilika kwegolide linokucotha, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching kukonke kunokwehla.

3.2 Ukuphazamisana naManyathelo Onyango Alandelayo

I-cyanide egqithisileyo kwisisombululo se-leaching nayo ingabangela iingxaki kumanyathelo alandelayo enkqubo yokubuyisela igolide. Umzekelo, kwinkqubo yokufumana igolide kwi-leachate kusetyenziswa uthuli lwezinc (inkqubo ye-Merrill-Crowe), ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-cyanide kunokukhokelela ekwakhiweni kwe-zinc-cyanide complexes. Ezi zakhiwo zinokuphazamisana nemvula yegolide, ukunciphisa isivuno sokubuyisela igolide. Ukongeza, kwimeko yokusetyenziswa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo kwi-adsorption yegolide evela kwi-leachate, i-cyanide egqithisileyo inokuchaphazela amandla e-adsorption yekhabhoni, njengoko ezinye ii-cyanide-metal complexes zinokubhengezwa kumphezulu wekhabhoni, zikhuphisana negolide kwiziza ze-adsorption.

Ukuqukumbela, ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo kwe-sodium cyanide kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide yingxaki enamacala amaninzi enefuthe elifikelela kude kushishino lwezimayini, kokusingqongileyo, kunye nempilo yabantu. Imigodi kufuneka ibeke iliso ngononophelo kwaye ilawule ubungakanani besodium cyanide esetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutsalwa kwegolide okusebenzayo, okunexabiso eliphezulu, kunye nokugcinakala kokusingqongileyo.