Inkqubo yokutsalwa kweGolide yeCyanidation kunye noTshintsho lwePowder yeZinc

Isiko Inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide ye-cyanidation ubukhulu becala iqulathe iinkqubo ezintathu eziphambili: ukuhlamba, ukuhlamba, kunye nokutshintshwa (imvula).

1. Leaching

I-Leaching yinkqubo apho igolide eyomeleleyo kwi-ore inyibilika kwi-oksijini-equlethe isisombululo secyanide. Okwangoku, ngokwenkqubo, izixhobo, ulawulo, kunye nokusebenza, le nkqubo iye yanda kakhulu. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukunyibilika kwegolide kwioksijini-equlethe isisombululo secyanide ngokwesiseko yinkqubo yokubola kwe-electrochemical.

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokucoca, iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zee-reagents zisetyenziswa: IiCyanides kunye neealkali ezikhuselayo.

(1) Iicyanides

Kwishishini, i iicyanides edla ngokusetyenziswa kwi-cyanidation leaching yegolide ibandakanya i-potassium cyanide (KCN), Isodium cyanide (NaCN), i-calcium cyanide [Ca (CN) ₂], kunye ne-ammonium cyanide (NH₄CN).

Isodium cyanide yeyona cyanide isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso. Ingumgubo omhlophe onetyhefu kakhulu, kunye norhwebo Isodium cyanide ikholisa ukucinezelwa kwiingqukuva okanye iibhloko.

Kwimizi-mveliso, inyibiliko yecyanide ikwasetyenziswa njengesixhobo sokuvuza. Ngumxube owenziwe ngokunyibilikisa indibaniselwano yecalcium cyanide, ityuwa, kunye necoke kwiziko lombane. Ngaphandle kokuqulatha i-40% - i-45% ye-Ca (CN) ₂ kunye ne-NaCN, iqulethe ezinye izinto ezingcolileyo ezinobungozi kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation, njenge-sulfides e-soluble, i-carbon, kunye nokungcola okungaxutywanga. Inzuzo yalo ixabiso eliphantsi, kodwa umthamo mkhulu, malunga 2 - 2.5 amaxesha ukuba sodium cyanide. Ukuphelisa impembelelo yokungcola okuyingozi, unyango lwangaphambili kufuneka luqhutywe xa usebenzisa i-cyanide melt. Iindlela zonyango ziquka ukuphazamiseka okunamandla ngomoya okanye ukongeza inani elifanelekileyo letyuwa elothe kwisisombululo.

Ithiyori, kuphela i-0.5g ye-sodium cyanide efunekayo ukuze ichithe i-1g ye-Au. Nangona kunjalo, kwimveliso yangempela, ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide ngama-20 - 200 amaxesha exabiso lethiyori, okanye nangaphezulu. Isixa sokusetyenziswa ikakhulu sixhomekeke kumxholo wamanye amacandelo e-ore anokusabela ngecyanide.

2. Ukuhlamba

Ukuhlamba yinkqubo yokusebenzisa amanzi ukuhlamba umphezulu wamasuntswana entsimbi ekrwada kunye negolide enyityilisiweyo phakathi kwamasuntswana entsimbi ukuze kuphunyezwe ukwahlula okuqinileyo - kolwelo ukuze kufumaneke kwakhona igolide - equlethe isisombululo emva kokuvuza.

3. Ukutshintshwa

Ukutshintshwa yinkqubo yokusebenzisa umgubo we-zinc ukunciphisa kunye nokunciphisa igolide kwigolide-equlethe isisombululo, ngaloo ndlela kufunyanwa igolide. Ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye-20, ukubuyiswa kwegolide kwi-cyanide pulp kuqala kubandakanya ukuhlamba i-pulp, emva koko icacise kwaye ikhuphe isisombululo esikhulelweyo. Imvula yegolide evela kwisisombululo esicacisiweyo esikhulelweyo isoloko isebenzisa i Zinc powder replacement indlela. Ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1960s, "ikhabhoni - in-pulp indlela" yokongeza ikhabhoni esebenzayo kwipulp iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza. Ngophando malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-ion exchangers, indlela yokusebenzisa i-ion-exchange resin ukuthengisa igolide kwizisombululo ze-cyanide okanye i-cyanide pulp nayo inexabiso elisebenzayo elibalulekileyo. Olunye uphando luye lwenziwa malunga nokutsalwa kwegolide enyibilikisiweyo kwizinyibiliko zecyanide. Xa i-asidi ye-sulfuric yongezwa kwigolide ye-cyanide - equlethe isisombululo, i-alcohol ye-isoamyl ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha igolide, kwaye izinga lokukhupha linyuka ngokunyuka koxinzelelo lwe-sulfuric acid. Ngokomzekelo, xa ukhupha kwi-2mol / L isisombululo se-sulfuric acid, igolide inokwahlulwa kwizinto ezingcolileyo ezifana ne-arsenic kunye nentsimbi. Ukusebenzisa i-oxyalkoxy phosphate ukukhupha igolide kwizisombululo ze-alkaline ye-cyanate iphumelele izibonakaliso zokukhutshwa ezanelisayo, kunye nokusebenzisa i-sodium sulfite yomqolo - ukutsalwa kuye kwafumana iziphumo ezilungileyo, njalo njalo.

Ukuqukumbela, inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide yecyanidation inembali ende kunye nophuhliso oluqhubekayo. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-reagents zineempawu zazo kunye neziganeko zokusetyenziswa, kwaye ishishini lihlala lihlola kwaye lihlaziya ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye noqoqosho lokukhutshwa kwegolide ngelixa liqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko.