Inkqubo yokutsalwa kweGolide yeCyanidation kunye noTshintsho lwePowder yeZinc

Inkqubo yendabuko yokukhupha igolide yeCyanidation ikakhulu ineenkqubo ezintathu eziphambili: ukukhuhla, ukuhlamba, kunye nokutshintsha (ukuna kwemvula).

1. Leaching

I-Leaching yinkqubo apho igolide eyomeleleyo kwi-ore inyibilika kwi-oksijini-equlethe isisombululo secyanide. Okwangoku, ngokwenkqubo, izixhobo, ulawulo, kunye nokusebenza, le nkqubo iye yanda kakhulu. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukunyibilika kwegolide kwioksijini-equlethe isisombululo secyanide ngokwesiseko yinkqubo yokubola kwe-electrochemical.

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokukhuhla, kusetyenziswa iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zee-reagents: iiCyanides kunye nee-alkalis ezikhuselayo.

(1) Iicyanides

Kwishishini, ii- cyanides ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ekutsaleni igolide nge-cyanidation ziquka i-potassium cyanide (KCN), i-Sodium cyanide (NaCN), i-calcium cyanide [Ca(CN)₂], kunye ne-ammonium cyanide (NH₄CN).

I-sodium cyanide yeyona cyanide isetyenziswa kakhulu ekuvelisweni kwayo. Yipowder emhlophe enetyhefu kakhulu, kwaye i-sodium cyanide ethengiswayo idla ngokucinezelwa kwiisphere okanye kwiibhloko.

Kwimizi-mveliso, i-cyanide melt ikwasetyenziswa njenge-leaching reagent. Ngumxube owenziwe ngokunyibilikisa indibaniselwano ye-calcium cyanide, ityuwa, kunye ne-coke kwisithando sombane. Ngaphandle kokuba iqulethe i-40% - 45% ye-Ca(CN)₂ kunye ne-NaCN, ikwanazo nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo eziyingozi kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation, ezifana ne-soluble sulfides, i-carbon, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo ezinganyibilikiyo. Inzuzo yayo lixabiso layo eliphantsi, kodwa idosi inkulu, malunga ne-2 - 2.5 ye- sodium cyanide . Ukususa impembelelo yezinto ezingcolileyo ezinobungozi, unyango lwangaphambi kokusetyenziswa kufuneka lwenziwe xa kusetyenziswa i-cyanide melt. Iindlela zonyango ziquka ukushukunyiswa okunamandla ngomoya okanye ukongeza inani elifanelekileyo letyuwa ye-lead kwisisombululo.

Ithiyori, kuphela i-0.5g ye-sodium cyanide efunekayo ukuze ichithe i-1g ye-Au. Nangona kunjalo, kwimveliso yangempela, ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide ngama-20 - 200 amaxesha exabiso lethiyori, okanye nangaphezulu. Isixa sokusetyenziswa ikakhulu sixhomekeke kumxholo wamanye amacandelo e-ore anokusabela ngecyanide.

2. Ukuhlamba

Ukuhlamba yinkqubo yokusebenzisa amanzi ukuhlamba umphezulu wamasuntswana entsimbi ekrwada kunye negolide enyityilisiweyo phakathi kwamasuntswana entsimbi ukuze kuphunyezwe ukwahlula okuqinileyo - kolwelo ukuze kufumaneke kwakhona igolide - equlethe isisombululo emva kokuvuza.

3. Ukutshintshwa

Ukutshintshwa yinkqubo yokusebenzisa umgubo we-zinc ukunciphisa nokukhupha igolide kwisisombululo esinegolide, ngaloo ndlela kubuyiselwe igolide. Ukususela kwinkulungwane yama-20, ukubuyiswa kwegolide kwi-cyanide pulp kuqala kubandakanya ukuhlamba i-pulp, emva koko kucaciswe kwaye kukhutshwe igesi kwisisombululo esikhulelweyo. Ukuna kwegolide kwisisombululo esikhulelweyo esicacisiweyo bekusoloko kusetyenziswa indlela yokutshintsha i-Zinc powder . Ukususela ngeminyaka yoo-1960, "indlela ye-carbon-in-pulp" yokongeza i-activated carbon kwi-pulp iye yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza. Ngophando lokusetyenziswa kwee-ion exchangers, indlela yokusebenzisa ii-ion-exchange resins ukufunxa igolide kwizisombululo ze-cyanide okanye i-cyanide pulp nayo inexabiso elibalulekileyo elisebenzayo. Kukwakho nophando olwenziweyo malunga nokukhutshwa kwegolide kwisisombululo se-cyanide. Xa i-sulfuric acid yongezwa kwisisombululo esinegolide se-cyanide, i-isoamyl alcohol ingasetyenziselwa ukukhupha igolide, kwaye izinga lokukhupha liyanda ngokwanda koxinzelelo lwe-sulfuric acid. Umzekelo, xa kukhutshwa kwisisombululo se-sulfuric acid se-2mol/L, igolide inokwahlulwa kwizinto ezingcolileyo ezifana ne-arsenic kunye ne-iron. Ukusebenzisa i-oxyalkoxy phosphate ukukhupha igolide kwizisombululo ze-cyanate alkaline kuye kwafikelela kwizalathisi zokukhupha ezaneleyo, kwaye ukusebenzisa i-sodium sulfite ukukhupha umva nako kufumene iziphumo ezilungileyo, njalo njalo.

Ukuqukumbela, inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide yecyanidation inembali ende kunye nophuhliso oluqhubekayo. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye ne-reagents zineempawu zazo kunye neziganeko zokusetyenziswa, kwaye ishishini lihlala lihlola kwaye lihlaziya ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye noqoqosho lokukhutshwa kwegolide ngelixa liqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko.