Ukuphucula iiReyithi zokuBuyisa iGolide ngokuSebenzisa okuDityanisiweyo kweSodium Cyanide kunye nePotassium Bromide

intshayelelo

Kushishino lokwembiwa kwegolide, ukonyusa izinga lokufunyanwa kwegolide kwintsimbi ekrwada kubaluleke kakhulu. Enye indlela ebonise isithembiso kukusetyenziswa okudibeneyo Isodium cyanide kwaye I-Potassium bromide. Esi sithuba seblogi siya kuphonononga ukuba le ndibaniselwano isebenza njani kunye neenzuzo zayo ezinokuthi ziphucule ukubuyiswa kwegolide.

Indima yeSodium Cyanide kwi-Gold Extraction

Sodium i-cyanide kudala yaba reagent engundoqo kwi Ukutsalwa kwegolide inkqubo. Indlela ye-cyanidation, eyaqala ngo-1887 xa yayiqala ukusetyenziswa ukutsala igolide nesilivere, iseyeyona ndlela iphambili kushishino lwegolide kwihlabathi. Inkqubo ithe ngqo. Kwimigangatho ephantsi yegolide, i-ore icolwa kuqala ukuya kwisayizi efanelekileyo ukunyusa indawo yayo, iququzelele ukusabela ngesisombululo se-cyanide. Emva koko, isisombululo secyanide (ngokuqhelekileyo Isodium cyanide inyibilikiswe emanzini) yaziswa. Phambi kweoksijini, igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada idibana neeyoni zecyanide ukuze zenze izinto ezinyibilikayo zegolide zecyanide. Indlela yokwenza imichiza eyenziwe lula yile: 4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4Na(Au(CN)₂) + 4NaOH. Oku kuvumela igolide ukuba inyibilike kwaye ihlulwe kwi-matrix ye-ore. Isodium cyanide inobudlelwane obuphezulu begolide, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ikhethe ukunyibilikisa igolide kwintsimbi ekrwada, nokuba isiqulatho segolide sisezantsi. Oku kukhetha kubalulekile njengoko kuvumela ukutsalwa kwegolide kwintsimbi ekrwada apho ezinye izimbiwa zinokubakho ngobungakanani obukhulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ngokuxhomekeke kubume bentsimbi, icyanidation nge sodium cyanide inokufikelela kumazinga aphezulu okubuyiswa kwegolide, amaxesha amaninzi ukusuka kuma-50 ukuya kuma-80%, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ukuya kutsho kuma-90%.

Umsebenzi wePotassium Bromide

I-Potassium bromide nayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide. I-Bromide-based based extraction yegolide yinkqubo ethembisayo efundwe ngokubanzi. Ukusebenzisa ibromidi njengebambela okanye isixhasi kwinkqubo yokutsalwa kwegolide kuneengenelo ezininzi. Ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu, inomlinganiselo ophezulu wokuvuza (ukususela kuma-90 ukuya kuma-95% kwezinye iimeko), isantya esikhawulezayo sokuvuza, ayinakudleka kwindawo efanelekileyo, kwaye ayinakuba netyhefu kumanqanaba asezantsi. Xa isetyenziswe ngokudibeneyo nezinye ii-reagents, inokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokukhutshwa kwegolide.

I-Synergy yeSodium Cyanide kunye nePotassium Bromide

Xa i-sodium cyanide kunye ne-potassium bromide zisetyenziselwa i-tandem, zinokwenza umphumo we-synergistic. Iiyoni zebromidi ezivela kwi-potassium bromide zinokusebenzisana negolide-cyanide complexes eyenziwe yi-sodium cyanide. Oku kusebenzisana kunokukhokelela ekubunjweni kwee-complexes ezizinzileyo okanye ezixubileyo, ezinokuthi zinyuse ukunyibilika kwegolide kwisisombululo. Umzekelo, ii-ion zebromidi zinokuthatha inxaxheba kwimpendulo eguqula ubume begolide - icyanide complex, yenze kube lula ukuba igolide iqhutyelwe phambili kwaye yahlulwe kwisisombululo. Ukongeza, ubukho bebromide bunokuchaphazela iipropathi zomphezulu zamasuntswana egolide kwi-ore. Kunganceda ukwaphula naziphi na izinto zokugquma komhlaba okanye ukungcola kumasuntswana egolide, ukuvumela iiyoni zecyanide ezivela kwisodium cyanide zibe nofikelelo olungcono kumphezulu wegolide, ngaloo ndlela ikhuthaza ukunyibilika kwegolide.

Izifundo kunye neziphumo

Izifundo ezininzi kunye nezicelo ezibonakalayo zibonise ukusebenza kolu kudibanisa. Kwezinye iiseti zovavanyo, xa kunyangwa ores zegolide ngesisombululo esidityanisiweyo sesodium cyanide kunye ne-potassium bromide, amaxabiso okubuyisela igolide ayephezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide yodwa. Ngokomzekelo, kuphononongo oluthile, izinga lokubuyisela igolide linyuke ukusuka malunga ne-70% xa kusetyenziswa kuphela i-sodium cyanide ukuya ngaphezu kwe-85% xa i-potassium bromide yongezwa kwinkqubo. Ngokwenyani - imisebenzi yemigodi yehlabathi, ezinye imigodi eyamnkele usetyenziso oludityanisiweyo lwezi zixhobo zimbini zinike ingxelo ephuculweyo 经济效益. Baye bakwazi ukukhupha igolide eninzi kwixabiso elifanayo le-ore, elingagcini nje ukunyusa ixabiso lobutyebi kodwa linyusa inzuzo yokusebenza kwemigodi.

Iingqwalasela zokusiNgqongileyo noKhuseleko

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba zombini i-sodium cyanide kunye ne-potassium bromide kufuneka ziphathwe ngononophelo. I-sodium cyanide yinto enetyhefu kakhulu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunye nokuthutha kuxhomekeke kwimimiselo engqongqo. Naziphi na izisombululo zenkunkuma ezinesodium cyanide kufuneka ziphathwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuthintela ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo. Unyango lwe-hydrogen peroxide, umzekelo, lunokusetyenziswa ukwenza i-oxidize kunye nokunciphisa i-sodium cyanide kulwelo lwenkunkuma, ukuvelisa i-sodium bicarbonate kunye negesi ye-ammonia. I-Potassium bromide, ngelixa ngokuqhelekileyo ayinayo ityhefu kune-sodium cyanide, ifuna ukuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwindawo yokusebenza. Xa usebenzisa indibaniselwano yezi zixhobo zimbini, iinkampani zemigodi kufuneka ziphumeze imigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko kunye nezenzo zolawulo lokusingqongileyo ukunciphisa umngcipheko.

isiphelo

Ukusetyenziswa okudityanisiweyo kwe-sodium cyanide kunye ne-potassium bromide kunika indlela ethembisayo yokuphucula amazinga okubuyisela igolide. Ngokuqonda ukusebenzisana kweekhemikhali phakathi kwezi zixhobo zimbini kunye nemisebenzi yazo nganye kwinkqubo yokutsalwa kwegolide, iinkampani zemigodi zinokwandisa iindlela zazo zokukhupha. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukulungelelanisa iinzuzo ezinokubakho kunye namanyathelo angqongqo okusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko. Njengoko imfuno yegolide iqhubeleka nokukhula kwaye nediphozithi zegolide zodidi oluphezulu zinqongophala, iindlela ezintsha ezifana nale ndibaniselwano ziya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo lweshishini lemigodi yegolide.