Iinkqubo zeeNkampani zeMigodi ezisebenzisa iSodium Cyanide

Kwishishini lemigodi, ingakumbi kwiinkqubo zokukhupha igolide, i-sodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba inetyhefu kakhulu kwaye iyasebenza, kufuneka kubekho iinkqubo ezingqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi, ukukhusela okusingqongileyo, kunye nokugcina ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Eli nqaku ligxila kwiinkqubo ezibanzi ekufuneka zilandelwe ziinkampani zemigodi xa zisebenzisa i-Sodium Cyanide.

Ukuqonda iSodium Cyanide

Properties

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN) sisiqina esimhlophe, esikristale esinevumba elibi elifana nele-almond. Inyibilika kakhulu emanzini, nto leyo eyinzuzo kwaye ingumceli mngeni kwimisebenzi yokwemba. Ukunyibilika kwayo kuvumela ukuba isetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwinkqubo yokuxuba i-cyanidation yokuhluza igolide. Nangona kunjalo, kuthetha ukuba amanyathelo afanelekileyo okugcina kunye nokulahla inkunkuma abalulekile ukuthintela ungcoliseko lokusingqongileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwiMigodi

Kwimigodi yegolide, iSodium cyanide isetyenziswa kakhulu kwinkqubo ye-cyanidation. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukwenziwa kwe-soluble gold-cyanide complex. Isisombululo se-sodium cyanide singeniswa kwi-ore, kwaye igolide engaphakathi kwi-ore iyanyibilika kwisisombululo. Emva koko, isisombululo esithwele igolide siyahlulwa size sicocwe ukuze kufunyanwe igolide ecocekileyo. Nangona isebenza kakuhle ekutsaleni igolide, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kuza nemingcipheko emikhulu.

ImiGaqo yoKhuseleko ekuPhatheni

Izixhobo Ezikhuselayo (i-PPE)

Abasebenzi abaphatha i-sodium cyanide kufuneka baxhotyiswe ngePPE efanelekileyo ngamaxesha onke. Oku kuquka:

• Iiglavu : Iiglavu ezinganyangekiyo ngamakhemikhali ezenziwe ngezinto ezifana ne-nitrile okanye i-neoprene mazinxitywe ukuze kuthintelwe ukudibana nolusu. I-sodium cyanide inokufunxwa lusu, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiingozi ezinkulu zempilo.

• Iiglasi zokuhombisa : Iiglasi zokuhombisa ezithintela ukutshiza zibalulekile ukukhusela amehlo kuyo nayiphi na inkunkuma yesisombululo se-sodium cyanide. Ukuvezwa kwamehlo kwi-cyanide kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwanokuba bubumfama.

• IiRespirators : IiRespirators ezineekhatriji ezifanelekileyo, ezikwaziyo ukucoca umsi we-cyanide kunye namasuntswana, kufuneka zisetyenziswe. Ekubeni i-sodium cyanide inokukhupha igesi ye-hydrogen cyanide enetyhefu phantsi kweemeko ezithile (ezifana nokuba idibana nee-asidi okanye ubushushu), ukhuseleko lokuphefumla lubalulekile.

Iinkqubo zokuphatha ngokukhuselekileyo

1. Uthutho: I-Sodium cyanide kufuneka ithuthwe kwiikhonteyina eziyilwe ngokukodwa, ezingavuziyo. Iimoto zothutho kufuneka zibhalwe ngokucacileyo njengezithwala izinto ezinobungozi. Ngexesha lothutho, izikhonteyina kufuneka ziboshwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuthintela ukuhamba kunye nokuchitheka okunokwenzeka.

2. Indawo yokugcina :

• Iindawo eziMiselweyo : I-Sodium cyanide kufuneka igcinwe kwindawo yokugcina ebekelwe bucala, enomoya ococekileyo, eyahlukileyo kwezinye iikhemikhali. Indawo yokugcina kufuneka yakhiwe ngezinto ezimelana nokugqwala yi-cyanide.

• Umoya ongenisayo : Kufuneka kubekho iinkqubo zomoya ezaneleyo ukuthintela ukuqokelelana kweegesi ezinobuthi. Amanqanaba omoya ongenisayo kufuneka ayilwe ngokusekelwe kubungakanani be-sodium cyanide egciniweyo kunye nobukhulu bendawo yokugcina.

• Ukhuseleko : Indawo yokugcina impahla kufuneka ikhuseleke kakhulu, ifikeleleke kancinci. Kuphela ngabasebenzi abagunyazisiweyo abafanele bavunyelwe ukungena. Ukusebenzisa inkqubo "yokutshixa kabini", apho kufuneka abantu ababini bafikelele kwindawo yokugcina impahla ngaxeshanye, kunokuphucula ukhuseleko.

3. Ukuxuba kunye nokuDilution : Xa ulungiselela izisombululo ze-sodium cyanide, le nkqubo kufuneka yenziwe kwindawo enomoya ofanelekileyo, kulandelwa imigaqo engqongqo. Umlinganiselo ochanekileyo we-sodium cyanide kumanzi kufuneka ulandelwe, kwaye ukuxuba kufuneka kwenziwe kancinci ukuze kuthintelwe ukutshiza. Abasebenzi ababandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokuxuba kufuneka baqeqeshwe kakuhle kwaye baxhotyiswe ngePPE efanelekileyo.

4. IiKiti zokuSpill: IiKiti zokuSpill kufuneka zifumaneke lula kuzo zonke iindawo apho i-sodium cyanide iphathwa khona. Ezi kiti kufuneka zibe nezinto zokufunxa, ezifana ne-activated carbon okanye ii-special absorbent pads, ukuze kufunxwe i-sodium cyanide echithekileyo. Ii-antitilating agents, ezifana ne-hydrogen peroxide okanye i-sodium hypochlorite, nazo kufuneka zifakwe kwikhiti yokuchitha ukuze zisabele ngokweekhemikhali kwi-cyanide kwaye zinciphise ubuthi bayo. Abasebenzi kufuneka baqeqeshwe rhoqo malunga nokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kweekiti zokuchitha.

Isicwangciso sokuPhendula ngokuNgxamisekileyo

Spill Containment

Kwimeko yokuchitheka kwe-sodium cyanide, inyathelo elikhawulezileyo liyafuneka:

1. Ukuphuma : Susa bonke abasebenzi abangengomsebenzi ubalulekileyo kuloo ndawo. Qinisekisa ukuba iindlela zokuphuma ziphawulwe ngokucacileyo kwaye azinazo izithintelo.

2. Ukuthintela : Sebenzisa izixhobo zokuchitha amanzi ukuze uthintele ukusasazeka kwe-sodium cyanide echithekileyo. Jikeleza indawo echithekileyo ngezinto ezifunxa amanzi ukuze uthintele i-cyanide ukuba ingangeni kwimisele yamanzi, kwimithombo yamanzi, okanye kwezinye iindawo.

3. Isaziso : Yazisa abasemagunyeni abafanelekileyo, kuquka ii-arhente zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye namaqela okuphendula kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo. Banike ulwazi oluneenkcukacha malunga nohlobo lokuchitheka, ubungakanani be-sodium cyanide ebandakanyekayo, kunye nendawo yokuchitheka.

4. Ukucoca : Emva kokuba ukuchitheka kuthintelwe, inkqubo yokucoca kufuneka yenziwe ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo. Izinto ezingcolisiweyo kufuneka ziqokelelwe kwaye zilahlwe ngokufanelekileyo, kulandelwa yonke imigaqo efanelekileyo.

Iimvavanyo zoNcedo lokuqala

1. Uqeqesho : Bonke abasebenzi abanokuthi badibane ne-sodium cyanide kufuneka baqeqeshwe ngamanyathelo oncedo lokuqala ukuze bachaphazeleke yi-cyanide. Oku kuquka ukuqonda iimpawu zetyhefu ye-cyanide, ezinokuqala kwiimpawu ezibuthathaka ezifana nesicaphucaphu, isiyezi, kunye nokuphefumla okunzima ukuya kwiimpawu ezinzima ezifana nokulahlekelwa yingqondo kunye nokuma kokuphefumla.

2. Unyango lwe-oksijini : Kwimeko apho i-cyanide ichaphazeleka khona, kufuneka kusetyenziswe unyango lwe-oksijini ngoko nangoko. I-oksijini ehamba kakhulu inokunceda ekulweni nemiphumo ye-cyanide, ephazamisa amandla omzimba okusebenzisa i-oksijini kwinqanaba leseli.

3. Ulawulo lweAntidote : Amayeza okulwa netyhefu ye-cyanide, njenge-hydroxocobalamin okanye i-sodium thiosulfate, kufuneka afumaneke lula. Abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo kufuneka banike amayeza afanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza, belandela idosi kunye neenkqubo ezicetyisiweyo.

Ukuthotyelwa koMthetho

IMimiselo yoKhuseleko lwezeMisebenzi kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo (OSHA).

Iinkampani zemigodi kufuneka zithobele imimiselo ye-OSHA malunga nokuphathwa ngokukhuselekileyo kweekhemikhali eziyityhefu. Oku kuquka:

1. Iimfuneko zoQeqesho : Ukubonelela abasebenzi ngoqeqesho olupheleleyo malunga neengozi ze-sodium cyanide kunye neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokuphatha. Uqeqesho kufuneka luhlaziywe rhoqo ukuze lubonise naluphi na utshintsho kwimigaqo okanye iindlela ezilungileyo.

2. Imida Yokuvezwa : Ukubeka esweni nokugcina imida yokuvezwa kwe-sodium cyanide kwindawo yokusebenza. I-OSHA imisela imida yokuvezwa evumelekileyo (ii-PEL) kwi-airborne cyanide, kwaye iinkampani kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba ukuvezwa kwabasebenzi akudluli kule mida.

3. Ukugcinwa kweRekhodi : Ukugcina iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha zoqeqesho lwabasebenzi, iziphumo zokujonga ukuvezwa, kunye nazo naziphi na iziganeko ezinxulumene nokuphathwa kwe-sodium cyanide.

Imithetho yokusingqongileyo

1. Imvume : Ukufumana iimvume ezifunekayo zokusetyenziswa kunye nokulahla i-sodium cyanide. Iinkampani zemigodi kufuneka zibonise kwiiarhente ezilawula okusingqongileyo ukuba zineenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokunciphisa impembelelo yokusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide kokusingqongileyo.

2. Ukulahlwa kweNkunkuma : Ukulahlwa ngokufanelekileyo kwenkunkuma ene-cyanide. Izinto ezingcolileyo ze-Cyanide, ezifana neentsalela zenkqubo yokukhupha igolide, kufuneka ziphathwe kwaye zilahlwe ngendlela ehambelana nemigaqo yokusingqongileyo. Oku kunokubandakanya iinkqubo ezifana nonyango lweekhemikhali ukuze kuqhekeke i-cyanide okanye ukugcinwa kwenkunkuma kwindawo evunyiweyo.

3. Ukubeka iliso : Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kumhlaba, emanzini, nasemoyeni okufutshane nomsebenzi wokumba ukuze kujongwe ungcoliseko lwe-cyanide. Naziphi na iimpawu zongcoliseko mazixelwe ngoko nangoko kwiziphathamandla ezifanelekileyo zendalo, kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okulungisa.

Uqeqesho neMfundo

IiNkqubo zoQeqesho lwaBasebenzi

1. Uqeqesho Lokuqala : Abasebenzi abatsha kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho olunzulu malunga neempawu ze-sodium cyanide, iingozi zayo, kunye nazo zonke iinkqubo zokhuseleko ezinxulumene nokuphathwa kwayo kunye nokugcinwa kwayo. Olu qeqesho kufuneka lubandakanye ulwazi lwethiyori kunye nemiboniso esebenzayo.

2. Uqeqesho Lokuhlaziya : Kufuneka kwenziwe iiseshoni zoqeqesho lokuhlaziya rhoqo kubo bonke abasebenzi. Ezi seshoni zinokuqinisa iindlela zokhuseleko, zinike abasebenzi ulwazi malunga notshintsho kwiinkqubo okanye kwimigaqo, kwaye zijongane nazo naziphi na iingxaki ezintsha zokhuseleko.

3. Uvavanyo lobuchule : Ukwenza uvavanyo lobuchule ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi banobuchule bokuphatha i-sodium cyanide. Uvavanyo lungabandakanya iimvavanyo ezibhaliweyo, imiboniso yezakhono ezisebenzayo, kunye nokulinganisa impendulo engxamisekileyo.

Imfundo eqhubekayo

1. Uhlaziyo lweShishini : Ukuhlala unolwazi malunga nophuhliso lwamva nje ekuphathweni ngokukhuselekileyo kwe-sodium cyanide. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokubhalisela iimpapasho zeshishini, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiiforam ze-intanethi, kunye nokulandela izibhengezo zearhente ezilawulayo.

2. Iisemina kunye neeWorkshops : Ukukhuthaza abasebenzi ukuba baye kwiisemina kunye neeworkshops ezinxulumene nokhuseleko lwemigodi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide. Ezi ziganeko zinokubonelela ngamathuba axabisekileyo okunxibelelana kunye nokuvezwa kwiiteknoloji ezintsha kunye neendlela zokusebenza zokhuseleko.

3. Unxibelelwano lwangaphakathi : Ukugcina inkqubo yonxibelelwano lwangaphakathi esebenzayo yokwabelana ngolwazi lokhuseleko, iindlela ezilungileyo zokusebenza, kunye nazo naziphi na iingxelo zezehlo phakathi kwabasebenzi. Oku kunokunceda ekukhuthazeni inkcubeko eqaphela ukhuseleko ngaphakathi kwinkampani yezemigodi.

Ukuqukumbela, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwimisebenzi yemigodi kufuna uluhlu olubanzi lweenkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Ngokuqonda iimpawu kunye neengozi ze-sodium cyanide, ukusebenzisa amanyathelo okhuseleko angqongqo , ukuba nesicwangciso esisebenzayo sokuphendula ngexesha likaxakeka, ukuthobela imimiselo, kunye nokubonelela ngoqeqesho oluqhubekayo kunye nemfundo, iinkampani zemigodi zinokunciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kwaye zinegalelo kushishino lwemigodi olukhuselekileyo noluzinzileyo.