Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuQala okutsha kweTekhnoloji yeSodium Cyanide kwiSimbi seGold Ore

I-Sodium cyanide (NaCN), njengesixhobo esiphambili sokukhupha igolide, iye yalawula ishishini lemigodi yegolide kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yokuba ibonakalisa ukunyibilikisa igolide ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokwanda kweemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, indlela yendabuko yokukhupha i-cyanidation ijongene nemingeni emininzi ngokubhekiselele kwixabiso, ukhuseleko, kunye nokuzinza. Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya nzulu indlela yokusetyenziswa kwe- Sodium Cyanide kwi- Gold Ore Extraction kwaye lihlolisise izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe eziye zaqhuba utshintsho lweshishini kwiminyaka yakutshanje.

I. Imigaqo engundoqo kunye neSimo seSicelo sangoku seNdlela yeCyanidation

1. I-Chemical Dissolution Mechanism

Isodium cyanide inyibilikisa igolide ngokusabela kulandelayo:

4Au + 8NaCN + O₂ + 2H₂O → 4NaAu(CN)₂ + 4NaOH

Oku kusabela kwenzeka kwindawo ye-alkaline (pH 10-11), kwaye ukunikezelwa kwe-oksijini okuqhubekayo kuyadingeka ukuze kugcinwe imeko ye-oxidation yegolide. Nangona izinga lokubuyiswa kwegolide lendlela yecyanidation iphezulu ngaphezu kwama-90%, ubutyhefu bayo kunye nemingcipheko yokusingqongileyo iye yabangela ukuba ishishini lifune uphuculo.

2. Izalathiso zokuPhucula iTekhnoloji

• Inkqubo yeCyanide enokuxinana okuphantsi : Ukunciphisa ukuxinana kwe-cyanide ukusuka kwi-0.1% ukuya kwi-0.01%-0.03%, oku kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwee-reagents kunye nomngcipheko wokuvuza;

• Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhluza : Ukunyanga ii-ore ngeteknoloji ye-ultrasonic okanye ye-microwave, okanye ukongeza ii-catalysts (ezifana neetyuwa ze-lead) ukukhawulezisa impendulo;

• Inkqubo yokujikeleza i-Closed-loop : Ukufikelela kwizinga lokuphinda kusetyenziswe elingaphezulu kwe-95% kwisisombululo se-cyanide kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya.

II. Imingeni yeTekhnoloji ejongene neCyanidation Method

1. Ukuntsokotha kweOre

• Ii-ore ezirhabaxa : Ii-ore ze-sulfide eziqulethe i-arsenic kunye ne-sulfur zifuna i-pre-oxidation (njengokuroasta okanye i-pressure oxidation), nto leyo enyusa ixabiso;

• Ukuphazamiseka kokungcola : Ii-ion zesinyithi ezifana ne-copper kunye ne-iron zitya i-cyanide, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwandeni kwe-30%-50% kwidosi yee-reagents.

2. Uxinzelelo lweNdalo kunye noKhuseleko

• Umngcipheko Wokuvuza KweCyanide : Ngokomndilili, kukho iingozi zokuvuza kweCyanide ezimalunga nama-20 kwihlabathi liphela minyaka le, ezisongela imithombo yamanzi kunye nenkqubo yendalo;

• Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu ngaphambi konyango : Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwiinkqubo ze-oxidation zemveli kubangela ngaphezulu kwama-40% eendleko zizonke.

III. Ubutsha beTekhnoloji: Ukusuka kwiiNkqubo zeMveli ukuya kwiiNkqubo zoHlaza

1. Ukuphumelela kwiiTekhnoloji zokuLeaching ngaphandle kweCyanide

• Indlela yokuNcibilikisa iThiourea : Ukusebenzisa isisombululo se-thiourea esine-asidi (pH 1.5-2.5) ukunyibilikisa igolide, kunye nefomula yokusabela:

Au + 2CS(NH₂)₂ + Fe³⁺ → Au[CS(NH₂)₂]₂⁺ + Fe²⁺

Izinto eziluncedo: I-non-toxic, ilungele i-ores ene-oxidized ephantsi;

Unyino: Iimeko ze-asidi zinokuthi zidle izixhobo, kwaye ixabiso li-15% -20% ngaphezulu kunendlela ye-cyanidation.

• Indlela yokuNciphisa iBromination : Ukusebenzisa inkqubo ye-sodium bromide/potassium bromate, enezinga lokubuyisa igolide elifikelela kwi-92%, kwaye izinga lokuNciphisa likhawuleza ngokuphindwe kathathu kunendlela ye-cyanidation.

2. I-Biological Leaching kunye ne-Nanotechnology

• Unyango lwangaphambi kweMicrobial : Ukusebenzisa iiThiobacillus ferrooxidans ukubola i-sulfide ores, ukukhulula igolide kwi-mineral encapsulation kunye nokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwe-pre-oxidation nge-30%;

• Ukufunxwa yiNanomaterials : I-Graphene oxide inokukhetha ukufunxwa kwe-Au(CN)₂⁻, ngomthamo wokufunxwa ofikelela kwi-500 mg/g, ophindwe kathathu kunowe-activated Carbon.

3. Ukuphuculwa kweDijithali kunye noBukrelekrele

• Ukuqikelela Uxinzelelo lweSlurry yi-AI : Ukuphucula uxinzelelo lweslurry ngemodeli yokufunda komatshini, kunciphisa inkunkuma ye-cyanide nge-10%-15%;

• Ukulandeleka ngeBlockchain : Ukurekhoda idatha yomjikelo wobomi bonke be-cyanide ukuphucula ukucaca kokujonga.

IV. Iimeko eziqhelekileyo kunye neZenzo zoShishino

1. Inkampani yaseNewmont eCanada

• Uyilo olutsha : Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji " yeBiological Leaching + ukwahlulwa kwemembrane" ukunyanga i-ores enganyangekiyo;

• Impumelelo : Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyanide ngama-60% kunye nokunyusa izinga lokubuyiswa kwegolide ukuya kuma-94%.

2. Iqela leZijin Mining eChina

• Itekhnoloji : Ukuphuhlisa ngokuzimela "i-low-cyanide kunye ne-gold leaching agent esebenza kakuhle", kunciphisa umthamo we-cyanide ngama-40%;

• Isicelo : Ukuyithengisa kwimigodi ethile yegolide eGuizhou, ukonga ngaphezulu kwe-20 yezigidi zeeyuan ngonyaka.

V. Imizila yekamva kunye namaThemba

1. Ulawulo lweeNkqubo eziLuhlaza : Kulindeleke ukuba ngo-2030. iiteknoloji zokuleaging ezingenayo i-cyanide ziya kubalelwa kwi-30% yesabelo semarike;

2. IiMigodi ezikrelekrele : i-AI kunye ne-Intanethi yezinto (i-IoT) ziya kuvumela ukuba kubekwe esweni yonke inkqubo ngexesha langempela, kuncitshiswe izinga leengozi nge-80%;

3. Imodeli yoQoqosho oluSijikelezileyo : Ukunyusa izinga lokubuyiselwa kwe-cyanide ukusuka kwi-60% yangoku ukuya kwi-90%, kunye nokusebenzisa iimveliso ezingasemva (ezifana ne-ammonium sulfate) ukuze kusetyenziswe kwakhona izixhobo.

isiphelo

Ukusetyenziswa kwe -sodium cyanide ekutsalweni kwegolide ore kuguqukela kwindlela "yongcoliseko oluphezulu" ukuya kwindlela "yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu". Nangona indlela ye-cyanidation isaza kuqhubeka ilawula kwixesha elifutshane, impumelelo ekutsaleni i-cyanide ngaphandle kwe-cyanide, ubunjineli bebhayoloji, kunye nobuchwepheshe bedijithali ibonisa ukuba ukwembiwa kwegolide kuya kungena kwixesha elitsha elikhuselekileyo, elisebenza ngakumbi, nelizinzileyo. Kwixesha elizayo, isiphumo sokusebenzisana kobuchule bokutsha kunye nesikhokelo somgaqo-nkqubo siya kuyila kwakhona imeko yeshishini, sifezekise imeko yokuphumelela phakathi kweenzuzo zoqoqosho kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo.