Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweSodium Cyanide kwiVat Leaching

intshayelelo

Ukuhlanjululwa kweVat yinkqubo ebalulekileyo kushishino lwemigodi, ingakumbi ukukhupha iintsimbi ezixabisekileyo ezifana negolide kwiintsimbi zodidi oluphantsi. Isodium i-cyanide idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kule nkqubo njengoko ibumba i-complex enegolide, evumela ukuchithwa kwayo kunye nokubuyisela kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe sodium cyanide kwi-vat leaching inokuphenjelelwa zizinto ezininzi. Ukuphucula le miba kubalulekile kungekuphela nje ukunyusa izinga lokubuyisela isinyithi kodwa nokunciphisa iindleko kunye nokunciphisa iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kwale khemikhali inetyhefu kakhulu.

Indima yeSodium Cyanide kuLeaching yeVat

Kwi-vat leaching, Isodium cyanide isebenzisana negolide phambi kweoksijini kunye namanzi. Iiyoni ze-cyanide ngaphakathi Isodium cyanide dibanisa neeathom zegolide, ukuguqula igolide ibe yinto enyibilikayo entsonkothileyo. Olu hlobo lwegolide lunyibilikayo lunokwahlulwa kwi-ore matrix kwaye lusetyenzwe ngakumbi ukufumana igolide esulungekileyo.

Imiba echaphazela ukuSebenza kweSodium Cyanide ekuBonelweni kweVat

Iimpawu zeOre

1. Ubungakanani bento: Ubungakanani bamasuntswana entsimbi ekrwada buchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokuvuza. Amasuntswana amancinane abonelela ngomphezulu wendawo omkhulu wokusabela phakathi kwesodium cyanide kunye neeminerali ezithwala igolide. Umzekelo, ukuba intsimbi ekrwada ayityunyuzwanga ngokwaneleyo, isisombululo secyanide sisenokungakwazi ukungena ngokufanelekileyo, sishiya izixa ezibalulekileyo zegolide zingaphendulwanga. Uphando lubonise ukuba ukunciphisa ubungakanani bamasuntswana egolide-ethwele intsimbi ukusuka kwiqhezu elirhabaxa ukuya kwelona licolekileyo kunokunyusa kakhulu izinga lokunyibilika kwegolide. Amasuntswana anobungakanani obucolekileyo avumela ukunyibilika okukhawulezayo nokugqibelele xa kuthelekiswa namasuntswana arhabaxa.

2. Isimbiwa: Ubukho beeminerali ezithile bunokuphucula okanye buthintele inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi. Iiminerali ezifana ne-pyrite kunye ne-arsenopyrite zinokudla i-oksijini kunye ne-cyanide, ukunciphisa ukufumaneka kwezi reagents kwi-gold-cyanide reaction. Kwelinye icala, ezinye iiminerali ze-ganggue zinokuba nefuthe le-catalytic, ezikhuthaza ukunyibilika kwegolide. Ukongezelela, ukwenzeka kwegolide ngaphakathi kwe-ore, nokuba kukhululekile - ukugaya (ukukhululwa ngokulula) okanye ukufakwa ngaphakathi kwezinye izimbiwa, kuchaphazela ukufikeleleka kwegolide kwisisombululo se-cyanide. Umzekelo, igolide efakwe kwiiminerali zesulfide inokufuna unyango lwangaphambili, olufana nokugcadiswa okanye i-bio-oxidation, ukubonisa igolide kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.

Iimeko zeNkqubo

1. Ugxininiso lweCyanide: Ukugcina ugxininiso olufanelekileyo lwe-cyanide lubalulekile. Ugxininiso oluphantsi kakhulu lusenokunganikeli iiyoni ze-cyanide ngokwaneleyo ukuba zisabele nayo yonke igolide ekhoyo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekukhutshweni kwamanzi okungaphelelanga. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ugxininiso oluphezulu kakhulu lunokukhokelela ekwenziweni kwezinto ezingafunwayo - iimveliso, ezifana nesinyithi - i-cyanide complexes kunye nezinye isinyithi esingenaxabiso kwi-ore, kwaye kwandisa iindleko kunye nomngcipheko wokusingqongileyo. Ugxininiso olufanelekileyo lwe-cyanide luhlala luhluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-ore kunye nobukho beeminerali eziphazamisayo. Ngokubanzi, kwiintsimbi zegolide eziqhelekileyo, amanqanaba oxinaniso ecyanide ahlukeneyo asetyenziswa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuhlamba ukulungelelanisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye neendleko.

2. Ulawulo lwe-pH: I-pH yesisombululo se-leaching inempembelelo ebalulekileyo ekuzinzeni kwe-cyanide kunye ne-reaction reaction. I-Cyanide ayizinzanga kwiimeko ezineasidi kwaye inokubola yenze igesi eyityhefu yehydrogen cyanide. Ukuthintela oku, i-pH yesisombululo se-leaching ivame ukugcinwa kwi-10 - 11 usebenzisa i-lime okanye ezinye i-alkaline reagents. Kulo luhlu lwe-pH, i-cyanide ihlala ikwimo ye-ionic, iququzelela ukubunjwa kwegolide - i-cyanide complex. Ukongeza, indawo yealkaline inokunceda ekunyibilikiseni iiminerali ezithile ezinokuphazamisa inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwamanzi.

3. iqondo lobushushu: Ireyithi ye-cyanidation reaction yiqondo lobushushu - lixhomekeke. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu alonyusa izinga lokusabela, kodwa ekusebenzeni, ukugcina amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu kunokuba yindleko kwaye kunokukhokelela ekwandeni kokubola kwecyanide. Kwiimozulu ezibandayo, ubushushu bobushushu bunokuba ngumba osisithintelo. Ngaphantsi kwe-10 °C, izinga lokunyibilika kwegolide lehla kakhulu. Eminye imigodi yaseCanada isebenzise ubushushu obumdaka ukufudumeza isisombululo se-leaching, esingancedi nje kuphela ukwaphula umda weqondo lobushushu kodwa sandise ixesha lokuvuza.

4. Ukufumaneka kweoksijini: Ioksijini yinto ebalulekileyo yokusabela kwinkqubo yecyanidation njengoko idibanisa igolide ukwenza igolide enyibilikayo - icyanide complex. Ukubonelelwa ngeoksijini okwaneleyo kunokunyusa izinga leleaching. Ukufakela izixhobo eziququzelela ukungena kwe-oksijini, njengeenkqubo zokutofa umoya, ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwe-vat kunokuphucula ukugqithiswa kwe-ore - i-cyanide isisombululo somxube kunye nokwandisa isantya sokuvuza. Uphando olwenziwa yiHazen Institute eUnited States lubonise ukuba ukonyusa umthamo weoksijini kwimfumba yentsimbi ekrwada (enokuthi isetyenziswe ngokwengqiqo kwivat leaching) akunakwenza mfutshane nje kuphela umjikelo wokuvuza kodwa kunokunyusa izinga legolide lokuvuza.

Ixesha lokuphumla

The ixesha lokuphumla yenye into ebalulekileyo. Ixesha elaneleyo liyafuneka ukuze icyanide isabele nayo yonke igolide ekhoyo. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha elide kakhulu le-leaching linokungabinamali kwaye linokukhokelela ekwenziweni kweemveliso ezininzi. Elona xesha lifanelekileyo lokuvuza lixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobungakanani besuntswana le-ore, ukuxinana kwecyanide, kunye nobushushu. Ngokomzekelo, kwezinye iimeko apho i-ore ilungile - i-grained kwaye iimeko zenkqubo ziphuculwe kakuhle, ixesha le-leaching linokuncitshiswa kakhulu xa lithelekiswa ne-coarser-grained ores okanye iimeko ezingcono kakhulu.

IziCwangciso zokuSebenza

Ore Pretreatment

1. Ukutyumza kunye nokuSila: Ukuqinisekisa ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bamasuntswana, intsimbi ekrwada kufuneka icolwe ngononophelo kwaye icolwe. Ukusebenzisa ukutyunyuzwa okuphezulu kunye nezixhobo zokusila kunokunceda ukufezekisa ukusabalalisa ubungakanani besuntswana elifanayo, ukwandisa indawo ekhoyo ye-cyanide - reaction yegolide.

2. Unyango lwangaphambili lwe-Refractory Ores: Kwizinto ezikrwada ezilahlayo eziqulethe igolide efakwe kwisulfide okanye ezinye iiminerali, iindlela zonyango zangaphambili ezifana nokurosa, i-bio-oxidation, okanye i-pressure oxidation ingasetyenziswa. Ukutshisa kunokwaphula iiminerali ze-sulfide, ukukhulula igolide ebanjwe kunye nokwenza ukuba kufikeleleke kwisisombululo se-cyanide. I-Bio-oxidation isebenzisa ii-microorganisms ukwenza i-oxidize iiminerali ze-sulfide, enye indlela ehambelana nokusingqongileyo ekuqhelisweni kwezinye iimeko.

Inkqubo yoLawulo

1. Ukubeka iliso kunye noLungelelaniso lweCyanide: Qhubeka ubeke iliso kwi-concentration ye-cyanide kwisisombululo se-leaching usebenzisa iindlela zokuhlalutya ezifana ne-titration okanye i-ion-elective electrode. Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zokubeka iliso, hlengahlengisa ireyithi yokongeza i-cyanide ukuze ugcine ugxininiso oluphezulu kuyo yonke inkqubo yokufundisa.

2. I-pH yokubeka iliso kunye noLungiso: Qwalasela i-pH yesisombululo sokuvuza usebenzisa iimitha ze-pH kwaye wongeze ikalika okanye ezinye izinto ezisebenza nge-alkaline njengoko kufuneka ukugcina i-pH phakathi koluhlu olufanelekileyo lwe-10 - 11.

3. Control ubushushu: Kwiimeko apho iqondo lobushushu lisisithintelo, cinga ukusebenzisa izixokelelwano zokufudumeza okanye zokupholisa ukugcina ubushushu obufanelekileyo bokusabela kokuvuza. Oku kunokubaluleka ngakumbi kwimimandla enemozulu egqithisileyo.

4. UkuPhuculwa koMbonelelo ngeoksijini: Qinisekisa unikezelo olwaneleyo noluqhubekayo lweoksijini kwisixokelelwano sokuvuza. Oku kungaphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokutofa zomoya ezisebenzayo okanye ngokufaka ioksijini - iikhompawundi ezikhuphayo ezifana nehydrogen peroxide kwisisombululo sokuvuza. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa usebenzisa i-hydrogen peroxide njengoko inokusabela kwi-cyanide ukuba ayilawulwa kakuhle.

Leaching Aid Ukongeza

Izixhobo zokuncedisa zinokongezwa kwi-cyanide leaching slurry ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Uncedo oluqhelekileyo lwe-leaching lubandakanya i-oxidizing agents, ii-leaching agents eziphuculweyo, kunye ne-wetting agents. Ngokomzekelo, ukongeza i-oksijini-equlethe i-agent ye-oxidizing kwinkqubo ye-cyanide leaching inokunyusa i-oksijini esebenzayo esebenzayo kwi-slurry, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-leaching. Ii-agent zokumanzisa zinokunceda isisombululo se-cyanide singene ngcono kwiincinci ze-ore, ngakumbi kwimeko ye-hydrophobic ores.

isiphelo

Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-sodium cyanide kwi-vat leaching ngumsebenzi onzima kodwa obalulekileyo kwishishini lemigodi. Ngokuqwalasela ngokucophelela kunye nokulawula izinto ezifana neempawu ze-ore, iimeko zenkqubo, kunye nexesha le-leaching, kunye nokuphumeza izicwangciso ezifanelekileyo zokuphucula, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuphuculwe kakhulu ukubuyiswa kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali, kunye nokunciphisa ingozi yokusingqongileyo ehambelana nokusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide. Uphando oluqhubekayo kunye nokuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kulo mba kubalulekile ukwenza inkqubo yokukhutshwa kwe-vat igcineke ngakumbi kwaye isebenze kuqoqosho kwixesha elide.