Indima yeSodium Cyanide kuShicilelo lweMalaphu kunye nokuDaya

intshayelelo

Sodium i-cyanide (I-NaCN), i-chemical compound ene-molecular weight ye-49.007 g / mol, i-crystalline eqinile emhlophe. Inetyhefu kakhulu kwaye ifuna ukuphathwa ngononophelo olukhulu. Nangona ityhefu, sodium cyanide idlala iindima ezibalulekileyo eziliqela kwi ukuprintwa kwempahla kunye nokudaya ishishini. Eli nqaku liza kuphonononga le misebenzi ngokweenkcukacha, kunye neengqwalasela malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo.

Imisebenzi yoShicilelo lweMalaphu kunye nokuDaya

1. IMordant kwiiNkqubo zokuDaya

Ekudayeni impahla, a ukuluma yinto esetyenziselwa ukunceda iidayi zibambelele kwilaphu. I-sodium cyanide inokusebenza njenge-mordant kwiinkqubo ezithile zokudaya. Yenza ii-complexes ezine-ion zetsimbi ezikhoyo kwezinye iidayi kunye nemicu ye-textile. Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko yeedayi zendalo eziqulethe isinyithi - equkethe i-chromophores (inxalenye ye-molecule ejongene nombala), Isodium cyanide inokuphucula ukubopha phakathi kwedayi kunye nefiber. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-cyanide ion (CN⁻) inobudlelwane obuqinileyo kwii-ion zetsimbi. Isenokwenza i-coordination complexes, ethi yona ivale umsantsa phakathi kwedayi nelaphu, nto leyo ekhokelela kwidayi engagungqiyo kwaye ehlala ixesha elide.

2. Ukwenziwa kweeFiber Textile

Phantse zonke iintsinga zokwenziwa ezisetyenziswa kushishino lwamalaphu zixhomekeke kuzo Isodium cyanide ngexesha lenkqubo yabo yokuvelisa. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-synthesis ye-nylon, enye yezona zinto ziqhelekileyo zokwenziwa, i-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwe-adiponitrile, eyona nto ingundoqo. Indlela yokusabela ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide ukwazisa amaqela e-nitrile. Kwimeko ye-polyester fibers, nangona inkqubo inzima kakhulu kwaye ihlala ibandakanya ukuphendulwa kweekhemikhali ezahlukeneyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-nylon, i-sodium cyanide isenokuthi ibandakanyeke kwi-synthesis yezinye izinto zokuqala okanye kwiinkqubo ezithile ze-catalytic. Ezi fayibha zokwenziwa zisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino olulukiweyo ngenxa yeempawu ezinqwenelekayo ezifana namandla, ukuqina, kunye nokumelana nemibimbi, kunye nesodium cyanide idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yazo.

3. Ukuveliswa kweDayi

I-sodium cyanide isetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwedayi ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuprinta kwempahla kunye nokudaya. Isebenza njengento eluhlaza kwi-synthesis yeentlobo ezithile zedayi, ngakumbi ezo zinezakhiwo zeekhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi. Umzekelo, ekuveliseni ezinye iidayi ezisebenzayo, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukudaya iintsinga ze-cellulosic ezifana nomqhaphu, i-sodium cyanide inokubandakanyeka kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwamanyathelo amaninzi. Idayi ezisebenzayo zenza ikhonkco elidityanisiweyo kunye neemolekyuli zefayibha ngexesha lenkqubo yokudaya, zinika umbala obalaseleyo. I-cyanide - equlethe iikhompawundi zingasetyenziselwa ukwakha amaqela asebenzayo ngaphakathi kwimolekyuli yedayi ejongene nale ngqungquthela yokwakhiwa kwebhondi.

Iingqwalasela zoKhuseleko nokusiNgqongileyo

Ngenxa yobume bayo obuyityhefu kakhulu, ukusetyenziswa kwe-sodium cyanide kushishino lwamalaphu kufuneka kulawulwe ngokungqongqo. Ukuphefumla, ukudibana kolusu, okanye ukufunxa nakwizixa ezincinci zesodium cyanide kunokuba yingozi ebantwini. Inokubangela ukuba iiseli zingakwazi ukusebenzisa i-oksijini, ekhokelela ekufeni ngokukhawuleza kweeseli kwaye ekugqibeleni, ukuba idosi eyaneleyo ifakwe, ukufa komntu ngamnye.

Ngokwembono yokusingqongileyo, ukulahlwa ngokufanelekileyo kwayo nayiphi na inkunkuma enesodium cyanide ibalulekile. Ukuba ikhutshelwe emanzini, i-sodium cyanide inokukhupha i-hydrolyze ukuze yenze igesi yehydrogen cyanide, nayo enetyhefu egqithisileyo kwaye enokuba yingozi kubomi basemanzini nakwi-ikhosistim engqongileyo. Kumazwe amaninzi, kukho imithetho nemigaqo engqongqo elawula ukugcinwa, ukuphathwa kunye nokulahlwa kwesodium cyanide kwimizi-mveliso, kuquka neendawo zokuprinta ilaphu nezokudaya. Le migaqo ijolise ekunciphiseni umngcipheko weengozi kunye nokungcoliseka kwendalo.

isiphelo

I-sodium cyanide, nangona i-toxicity eyaziwayo, idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekushicileleni i-textile kunye nokudaya, ukusuka ekuququzeleleni idayi - ukubopha ngelaphu njenge-mordant ukuba ibe yinxalenye ephambili ekudityanisweni kwe-textile fibers kunye nedayi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yetyhefu egqithisileyo kunye nobungozi obunokuthi bube khona kwindalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kufuneka kubekwe esweni kwaye kulawulwe ngononophelo. Njengoko ishishini lendwangu liqhubeka nokuvela, iinzame ziyenziwa ukuphuhlisa ezinye iinkqubo kunye neekhemikhali ezinokufikelela kwiziphumo ezifanayo ngaphandle kweengozi ezinxulumene nokusebenzisa i-sodium cyanide.